Skip to content

RichDijk/owlready2

 
 

Folders and files

NameName
Last commit message
Last commit date

Latest commit

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Repository files navigation

Owlready2

documentation download stats

Owlready2 is a module for ontology-oriented programming in Python 3, including an optimized RDF quadstore.

Owlready2 can:

  • Import OWL 2.0 ontologies in NTriples, RDF/XML or OWL/XML format
  • Export OWL 2.0 ontologies to NTriples or RDF/XML
  • Manipulates ontology classes, instances and properties transparently, as if they were normal Python objects
  • Add Python methods to ontology classes
  • Perform automatic classification of classes and instances, using the HermiT or Pellet reasoner (included)
  • Load DBpedia or UMLS (for medical terminology, using the integrated PyMedTermino2 submodule)
  • Tested up to 1 billion of RDF triples! (but can potentially support more)
  • In addition, the quadstore is compatible with the RDFlib Python module, which can be used to perform SPARQL queries
  • Finally, Owlready2 can also be used as an ORM (Object-Relational mapper) -- as a graph/object database, it beats Neo4J, MongoDB, SQLObject and SQLAlchemy in terms of performances

Owlready has been created by Jean-Baptiste Lamy at the LIMICS reseach lab. It is available under the GNU LGPL licence v3. If you use Owlready in scientific works, please cite the following article:

Lamy JB. Owlready: Ontology-oriented programming in Python with automatic classification and high level constructs for biomedical ontologies. Artificial Intelligence In Medicine 2017;80:11-28

In case of troubles, questions or comments, please use this Forum/Mailing list: http://owlready.8326.n8.nabble.com

What can I do with Owlready2?

Load an ontology from a local repository, or from Internet:

>>> from owlready2 import *
>>> onto_path.append("/path/to/your/local/ontology/repository")
>>> onto = get_ontology("http://www.lesfleursdunormal.fr/static/_downloads/pizza_onto.owl")
>>> onto.load()

Create new classes in the ontology, possibly mixing OWL constructs and Python methods:

::
>>> with onto:
...     class NonVegetarianPizza(onto.Pizza):
...       equivalent_to = [
...         onto.Pizza
...       & ( onto.has_topping.some(onto.MeatTopping)
...         | onto.has_topping.some(onto.FishTopping)
...         ) ]
...       def eat(self): print("Beurk! I'm vegetarian!")

Access ontology class, and create new instances / individuals:

>>> onto.Pizza
pizza_onto.Pizza
>>> test_pizza = onto.Pizza("test_pizza_owl_identifier")
>>> test_pizza.has_topping = [ onto.CheeseTopping(),
...                            onto.TomatoTopping(),
...                            onto.MeatTopping  () ]

Export to RDF/XML file:

>>> test_onto.save()

Perform reasoning, and classify instances and classes:

>>> test_pizza.__class__
onto.Pizza

>>> # Execute HermiT and reparent instances and classes
>>> sync_reasoner()

>>> test_pizza.__class__
onto.NonVegetarianPizza
>>> test_pizza.eat()
Beurk! I'm vegetarian !

Access to medical terminologies from UMLS:

>>> from owlready2 import *
>>> from owlready2.pymedtermino2.umls import *
>>> default_world.set_backend(filename = "pym.sqlite3")
>>> import_umls("umls-2018AB-full.zip", terminologies = ["ICD10", "SNOMEDCT_US", "CUI"])
>>> default_world.save()

>>> PYM = get_ontology("http://PYM/").load()
>>> ICD10       = PYM["ICD10"]
>>> SNOMEDCT_US = PYM["SNOMEDCT_US"]

>>> SNOMEDCT_US[186675001]
SNOMEDCT_US["186675001"] # Viral pharyngoconjunctivitis

>>> SNOMEDCT_US[186675001] >> ICD10   # Map to ICD10
Concepts([
  ICD10["B30.9"] # Viral conjunctivitis, unspecified
])

For more documentation, look at the doc/ directories in the source.

Changelog

version 1 - 0.2

  • Fix sync_reasonner and Hermit call under windows (thanks Clare Grasso)

version 1 - 0.3

  • Add warnings
  • Accepts ontologies files that do not ends with '.owl'
  • Fix a bug when loading ontologies including concept without a '#' in their IRI

version 2 - 0.1

  • Full rewrite, including an optimized quadstore

version 2 - 0.2

  • Implement RDFXML parser and generator in Python (no longer use rapper or rdflib)
  • Property chain support
  • Add ntriples_diff.py utility
  • Bugfixes: - Fix breaklines in literal when exporting to NTriples

version 2 - 0.3

  • Add destroy_entity() global function
  • Greatly improve performance for individual creation
  • When searching, allow to use "*" as a jocker for any object
  • Bugfixes: - Fix nested intersections and unions - Fix boolean - Fix bug when removing parent properties - Fix parsing of rdf:ID - Fix multiple loading of the same ontology whose IRI is modified by OWL file, using an ontology alias table - Fix ClassConstruct.subclasses() - Check for properties with multiple incompatible classes (e.g. ObjectProperty and Annotation Property)

version 2 - 0.4

  • Add methods for querying the properties defined for a given individuals, the inverse properties and the relation instances (.get_properties(), .get_inverse_properties() and .get_relations())
  • Add .indirect() method to obtain indirect relations (considering subproperties, transivitity, symmetry and reflexibity)
  • search() now takes into account inheritance and inverse properties
  • search() now accepts 'None' for searching for entities without a given relation
  • Optimize ontology loading by recreating SQL index from scratch
  • Optimize SQL query for transitive quadstore queries, using RECURSIVE Sqlite3 statements
  • Optimize SQL query for obtaining the number of RDF triples (ie len(default_world.graph))
  • Add Artificial Intelligence In Medicine scientific article in doc and Readme
  • Bugfixes: - Fix properties loading when reusing an ontology from a disk-stored quadstore - Fix _inherited_property_value_restrictions() when complement (Not) is involved - Fix restrictions with cardinality - Fix doc on AllDisjoint / AllDifferent

version 2 - 0.5

  • Add individual/instance editor (require EditObj3, still largely untested)
  • Add support for hasSelf restriction
  • Optimize XML parsers
  • Check for cyclic subclass of/subproperty of, and show warning
  • PyPy 3 support (devel version of PyPy 3)
  • Bugfixes: - Fix search() for '*' value on properties with inverse - Fix individual.annotation = "..." and property.annotation = "..." - Fix PlainLiteral annotation with no language specified - Fix doc for Creating classes dynamically - Fix loading ontologies with python_name annotations - Fix _inherited_property_value_restrictions when multiple is-a / equivalent-to are present - Align Python floats with xsd:double rather than xsd:decimal - Rename module 'property' as 'prop', to avoid name clash with Python's 'property()' type

version 2 - 0.6

  • Add set_datatype_iri() global function for associating a Python datatype to an IRI
  • Add nquads ontology format (useful for debugging)
  • Add support for dir() on individuals
  • Add support for ontology using https: protocol (thanks Samourkasidis Argyrios)
  • Add observe module (for registering callback when the ontology is modified)
  • Improve docs
  • Bugfixes: - Align Python floats with xsd:decimal rather than xsd:double, finally, because decimal accepts int too - Fix Class.instances() so as it returns instances of subclasses (as indicated in the doc) - Fix direct assignation to Ontology.imported_ontologies - Fix a bug in reasoning, when adding deduced facts between one loaded and one non-loaded entity

version 2 - 0.7

  • Bugfixes: - Restore HermiT compiled with older Java compilator (higher compatibility)

version 2 - 0.8

  • Bugfixes: - REALLY restore HermiT compiled with older Java compilator (higher compatibility) - Fix search(prop = "value") when value is a string and the ontology uses localized string

version 2 - 0.9

  • PostgresQL backend (in addition to SQLite3)
  • Add 'exclusive = False' option for SQLite3 backend (slower, but allows multiple uses)
  • Use unique index in sqlite3 quadstore on resources table
  • Optimize sqlite3 quadstore by caching IRI dict (5% faster)
  • Add == support for class construct
  • Add get_namespace() support on World
  • Add 'existential restrictions as class properties' feature
  • Bugfixes: - Fix imported ontologies - Fix saving ontologies in onto_path - Fix clear() on CallbackList - Fix bug in Class IRI in ontologies whose base IRI ends with a / - Fix imported ontologies in ontologies whose base IRI ends with a /

version 2 - 0.10

  • Add Ontology.metadata for adding/querying ontology metadata
  • Allows multiple individual creations with the same name/IRI, now returning the same individuals
  • Add OwlReadyInconsistentOntologyError and Word.inconsistent_classes()
  • Implement RDF/XML and OWL/XML parsing in Cython (25% speed boost for parsing)
  • Small optimization
  • Extend individual.prop.indirect() to include relations asserted at the class level
  • Add .query_owlready() method to RDF graph
  • Bugfixes: - Fix reasoning when obtaining classes equivalent to nothing - Fix World creation with backend parameters - Fix error when adding property at the class definition level - Fix loading of ontology files with no extension from onto_path - Fix properties defined with type 'RDF Property' and subproperty of 'OWL Data/Object/Annotation Property' - Support old SQLite3 versions that do not accept WITHOUT ROWID - Fix reference to undeclared entities (they were replaced by None, now by their IRI) - Fix loading and saving ontologies whose base IRI ends with / - Fix RDF query using string

version 2 - 0.11

  • Optimized Full-Text Search
  • Support Pellet reasoner in addition to HermiT
  • Support loading of huge OWL files (incremental load)
  • Use Class.property.indirect() for indirect Class property (instead of Class.property)
  • Add reload and reload_if_newer parameters to Ontology.load()
  • search() is now much faster on properties that have inverse
  • Add shortcut for SOME ConstrainedDatatype: e.g. age >= 65
  • Bugfixes: - Fix creation of an individual that already exists in the quadstore - Fix missing import of EntityClass in class_construct.py - Fix World.save() with RDF/XML format - Fix Thing.subclasses() and Thing.descendants() - Fix ontology's update time for ontologies created de novo in Python with Owlready - Fix reasoning when asserting new parents with equivalent classes

version 2 - 0.12

  • New quadstore
  • Numerical search (NumS, e.g. all patients with age > 65)
  • Nested searches
  • Synchronization for multithreading support
  • Add Class.inverse_restrictions() and Class.direct_instances()
  • Drop PostgresQL support (little interest: more complex and slower than Sqlite3)
  • Bugfixes: - Fix call to _get_by_storid2 - Fix rdfs_subclassof in doc - Fix FTS triggers - Fix boolean in RDFlib / SPARQL - Fix bug when destroying an AnnotationProperty

version 2 - 0.13

  • Bugfixes: - Fix performance regression due to suboptimal index in the quadstore - Fix messing up with IRI ending with a / - Fix error in World cloning - Fix the addition of Thing in class's parent when redefining a class with Thing as the only parent - Fix inverse_resctriction() - Add error message when creating an existent quadstore

version 2 - 0.14

  • UMLS support (owlready2.pymedtermino2 package)
  • Can infer object property values when reasoning (thanks W Zimmer)
  • New implementation of property values; use INDIRECT_prop to get indirect values
  • Support several class property types : some, only, some + only, and direct relation
  • Automatically create defined classes via class properties
  • Support anonymous individuals, e.g. Thing(0)
  • Optimize search() when only the number of returned elements is used
  • Optimize FTS search() when using also non-FTS statements
  • Can restrict reasoning to a list of ontologies
  • Union searches (i.e. default_world.search(...) | default_world.search(...))
  • Bugfixes: - Fix functional class properties with inheritance - Fix dupplicated instance list restrictions when calling close_world(ontology) - Fix use of '*' in search - Fix synchronization, using contextvars for global variables

version 2 - 0.15

  • Can infer data property values when reasoning with Pellet
  • Optimize searches with 'type =', 'subclass_of =', or 'is_a =' parameters
  • Add Property.range_iri
  • Add _case_sensitive parameter to search()
  • Add inverse property support in RDFlib support
  • Show Java error message when reasoners crash
  • Bugfixes: - Consider inverse property in get_properties() - Fix parsing bug in reasoning with HermiT and infer_property_values = True - Namespace prefix support in RDFlib binding - Fix dupplicates values when a relation involving a property with inverse is asserted in both directions - Better workaround in case of metaclass conflict - Fix 'sqlite3.OperationalError: too many SQL variables' in searches with 'type =', 'subclass_of =', or 'is_a =' parameters

version 2 - 0.16

  • Optimize nested searches
  • search(sublclass_of = xxx) now returns xxx itself in the results
  • Support "with long_ontology_name as onto" syntax
  • In UMLS import, add optional parameters for preventing extraction of attributes, relations, etc
  • Support SPARQL INSERT queries
  • Optimize Pymedtermino mapping
  • Doc for PyMedTermino2
  • Bugfixes: - Fix 'Cannot release un-acquired lock' error when reasoning on inconsistent ontologies inside a 'with' statement - Fix bug when loading a property that refers to another property from a quadstore stored on disk - Fix RDF triple suppression with RDFlib when object is a datatype

version 2 - 0.17

  • SWRL rule support
  • Allows importing UMLS suppressed terms
  • Uncache entities when relaoding an ontology
  • Bugfixes: - Fix PyMedTermino2 installation - Fix data property value inferrence with debug = 1 - Fix sort() in LazyList (thanks fiveop!) - Fix World.get() and add World.get_if_loaded() - Add appropriate error message when importing UMLS with Python 3.6 - Fix individuals belonging to multiple, equivalent, classes after reasoning

version 2 - 0.18

  • Add UNIQUE constraints for preventing dupplicated RDF triples in the quadstore
  • Add Individual.INDIRECT_is_a / Individual.INDIRECT_is_instance_of
  • Add isinstance_python() (faster than isinstance(), but do not consider equivalent_to relations)
  • Bugfixes: - Force UTF-8 encoding when importing UMLS - Be more tolerant when loading OWL file

version 2 - 0.19

  • Consider symmetric properties as their own inverse properties
  • Update Python objects after basic SPARQL update/delete queries (works on user-defined properties, hierarchical properties (type/subclassof) and equivalence properties)
  • Add individual.INVERSE_property
  • Add Class.INDIRECT_is_a
  • INDIRECT_is_a / INDIRECT_is_instance_of now include class contructs. ancestors() has a 'include_constructs' parameter, which defaults to False.
  • Add more aliases for XMLSchema datatypes
  • Add is_a property to class constructs
  • Add bottomObjectProperty and bottomDataProperty
  • Support ReflexiveProperties in individual.INDIRECT_property
  • Optimize Thing.subclasses()
  • Optimize search() with multiple criteria, including those done by PyMedTermino
  • Add support for destroy_entity(SWRL_rule)
  • Add support for UMLS "metathesaurus" format in addition to "full" format
  • Bugfixes: - After reasoning, keep all equivalent classes as parents of individuals (as they may have methods) - Fix IndividualPropertyAtom when creating SWRL rule - Fix SWRL parser - Fix RDF serialization for nested RDF lists - Fix removing inverse property (i.e. Prop.inverse = None) - Fix datetime parsing for date with time zone or milliseconds

version 2 - 0.20

  • Add support for undoable destroy_entity()
  • Small database optimizations
  • No longer treat properties associated with exactly-1 or max-1 restriction as functional properties, returning single values instead of a list (you can restore the previous behaviour as follows: import owlready2.prop; owlready2.prop.RESTRICTIONS_AS_FUNCTIONAL_PROPERTIES = True)
  • Bugfixes: - Fix performance bug on UMLS mapping in PyMedTermino

version 2 - 0.21

  • Use Pellet 2.3.1 (same version as Protégé) instead of 2.4 (which has a bug in SWRL for many builtin predicates including equals and matches)
  • Much faster mangement of annotations on relations
  • Bugfixes: - Fix bug on blank node in RDFlib/SPARQL support - Fix bug on blank node deletion in RDFlib/SPARQL support - Fix data loss in Restriction modification - Fix 'no query solution' error in search() - Fix literal support in RDF lists, causing "TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'NoneType' and 'int'" when saving ontologies - Fix DifferentFrom SWRL builtin - Fix string parsing in SWRL rules - Fix string and boolean literal representation (str/repr) in SWRL rules - Fix the inverse of subproperties having a symmetric superproperty

version 2 - 0.22

  • Add support for disjoint unions (Class.disjoint_unions)
  • Add deepcopy support on class constructs, and automatically deep-copy constructs when needed (i.e. no more OwlReadySharedBlankNodeError)
  • Support the creation of blank nodes with RDFlib

version 2 - 0.23

  • Add get_parents_of(), get_instances_of(), get_children_of() methods to ontology, for querying the hierarchical relations defined in a given ontology
  • Use Thing as default value for restrictions with number, instead of None
  • Add 'filter' parameter to save(), for filtering the entities saved (contributed by Javier de la Rosa)
  • Bugfixes: - Fix value restriction with the false value - Fix blank node loading from different ontologies - Fix constructs reused by several classes - Fix 'Class.is_a = []' was not turning the list into an Owlready list - Fix destroy_entity() - was not destroying the IRI of the entity - Improve setup.py: ignore Cython if Cython installation fails

version 2 - 0.24

  • Support intersection of searches (e.g. World.search(...) & World.search(...))
  • Add owlready2.reasoning.JAVA_MEMORY
  • Move development repository to Git
  • Bugfixes: - Fix parsing of NTriples files that do not end with a new line - Fix KeyError with Prop.python_name when several properties share the same name - Fix get_ontology() calls in Python module imported by ontologies in a World that is not default_world - Fix use of PyMedTermino2 in a World that is not default_world - Fix World.as_rdflib_graph().get_context(onto) for ontology added after the creation of the RDFLIB graph - Fix destroying SWRL rules - Fix disjoint with non-atomic classes

version 2 - 0.25

  • Allow the declaration of custom datatypes with declare_datatype()
  • Support the annotation of annotations (e.g. a comment on a comment)
  • search() now support the "subproperty_of" argument
  • search() now support the "bm25" argument (for full-text searches)
  • Bugfixes: - Fix Concept.descendant_concepts() in PymedTermino2 - Update already loaded properties when new ontologies are loaded - Now accept %xx quoted characters in file:// URL - Improve error message on punned entities - Property.get_relations() now considers inverse properties - Fix "AttributeError: 'mappingproxy' object has no attribute 'pop'" error - Fix Thing.instances()

version 2 - 0.26

  • Module owlready2.dl_render allows rendering entities to Description Logics (contributed by Simon Bin)
  • Bugfixes: - Adjustment in the comparison of strings from SameAs and DiferrentFrom, allowing equal comparison regardless of the case-sensitive (contributed by Thiago Feijó) - Fix transitive equivalent_to relations between classes and OWL constructs - Fix AnnotationProperty[entity] where entity is a predefined OWL entity (e.g. comment or Thing) - Fix entity.AnnotationProperty where entity is a predefined OWL entity (e.g. comment or Thing)

Links

Owlready2 on BitBucket (Git development repository): https://bitbucket.org/jibalamy/owlready2

Owlready2 on PyPI (Python Package Index, stable release): https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Owlready2

Documentation: http://owlready2.readthedocs.io/

Forum/Mailing list: http://owlready.8326.n8.nabble.com

Contact "Jiba" Jean-Baptiste Lamy:

<jean-baptiste.lamy *@* univ-paris13 *.* fr>
LIMICS
University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cite
Bureau 149
74 rue Marcel Cachin
93017 BOBIGNY
FRANCE

About

No description, website, or topics provided.

Resources

License

Stars

Watchers

Forks

Packages

No packages published

Languages

  • Python 73.6%
  • Java 26.4%