From 3d2e36591fd3858c1315159b1a7119eac5961af2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: santi <santiago.penate.vera@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 May 2024 19:12:45 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Worked issue #279

---
 .idea/workspace.xml                           | 138 ++++++++-------
 .../Devices/Substation/connectivity_node.py   |  11 +-
 src/GridCalEngine/Devices/multi_circuit.py    |  20 ++-
 .../sergio_dorado_example_bad.py              |  88 ++++++++++
 .../sergio_dorado_example_good.py             | 159 ++++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 347 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_bad.py
 create mode 100644 src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_good.py

diff --git a/.idea/workspace.xml b/.idea/workspace.xml
index e932bf9d4..1765426fc 100644
--- a/.idea/workspace.xml
+++ b/.idea/workspace.xml
@@ -29,19 +29,12 @@
     <select />
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   <component name="ChangeListManager">
-    <list default="true" id="aa3ee678-6e91-470f-91a9-09e9d8a4756d" name="Changes" comment="Moved the topology processor inside the MultiCircuit, the driver remains a driver">
+    <list default="true" id="aa3ee678-6e91-470f-91a9-09e9d8a4756d" name="Changes" comment="Fixed #278">
+      <change afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_bad.py" afterDir="false" />
+      <change afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_good.py" afterDir="false" />
       <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/workspace.xml" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/workspace.xml" afterDir="false" />
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Diagrams/SchematicWidget/schematic_widget.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Diagrams/SchematicWidget/schematic_widget.py" afterDir="false" />
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Diagrams/graphics_manager.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Diagrams/graphics_manager.py" afterDir="false" />
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/GuiFunctions.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/GuiFunctions.py" afterDir="false" />
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Main/MainWindow.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Main/MainWindow.py" afterDir="false" />
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Main/MainWindow.ui" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Main/MainWindow.ui" afterDir="false" />
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Main/SubClasses/io.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Main/SubClasses/io.py" afterDir="false" />
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Main/icons_rc.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Main/icons_rc.py" afterDir="false" />
+      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/Substation/connectivity_node.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/Substation/connectivity_node.py" afterDir="false" />
       <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/multi_circuit.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/multi_circuit.py" afterDir="false" />
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCalEngine/IO/file_handler.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCalEngine/IO/file_handler.py" afterDir="false" />
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCalEngine/Topology/topology.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCalEngine/Topology/topology.py" afterDir="false" />
-      <change beforePath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/tests/test_topology_processor.py" beforeDir="false" afterPath="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/tests/test_topology_processor.py" afterDir="false" />
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     <option name="HIGHLIGHT_CONFLICTS" value="true" />
@@ -162,7 +155,7 @@
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     "Python tests.Nosetests in tests.executor": "Run",
     "Python.AnalysisDialogue.executor": "Run",
-    "Python.ExecuteGridCal.executor": "Debug",
+    "Python.ExecuteGridCal.executor": "Run",
     "Python.MainWindow.executor": "Run",
     "Python.ac_opf_derivatives_bound_slacks.executor": "Debug",
     "Python.acopf_run.executor": "Run",
@@ -176,17 +169,19 @@
     "Python.new_circuit_objects.executor": "Run",
     "Python.power_flow_research_sinj.executor": "Run",
     "Python.pymoo_example.executor": "Debug",
+    "Python.sergio_dorado_example.executor": "Run",
+    "Python.sergio_dorado_example_node_breaker.executor": "Run",
     "Python.short_circuit_run.executor": "Run",
     "Python.test_continuation_power_flow.executor": "Debug",
     "Python.update_gui_file (1).executor": "Run",
-    "Python.update_gui_file.executor": "Debug",
+    "Python.update_gui_file.executor": "Run",
     "Python.upload_to_pypi.executor": "Run",
     "Python.voltage_control_ree.executor": "Run",
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     "RunOnceActivity.ShowReadmeOnStart": "true",
     "WebServerToolWindowFactoryState": "false",
     "git-widget-placeholder": "205__ACOPF",
-    "last_opened_file_path": "/home/santi/Documentos/Git/GitHub/GridCal/src/GridCal/Gui/Diagrams/MapWidget/Schema",
+    "last_opened_file_path": "/home/santi/Documentos/Git/GitHub/GridCal/src/trunk/substation_reduction",
     "node.js.detected.package.eslint": "true",
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@@ -203,11 +198,11 @@
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   <component name="RecentsManager">
     <key name="CopyFile.RECENT_KEYS">
+      <recent name="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk/substation_reduction" />
       <recent name="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Diagrams/MapWidget/Schema" />
       <recent name="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk" />
       <recent name="$PROJECT_DIR$/pics" />
       <recent name="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Diagrams/BusBranchEditorWidget/Substation" />
-      <recent name="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk/pf" />
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     <key name="MoveFile.RECENT_KEYS">
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@@ -217,7 +212,7 @@
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+  <component name="RunManager" selected="Python.sergio_dorado_example_good">
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       <module name="GridCalEngine" />
       <option name="ENV_FILES" value="" />
@@ -484,6 +479,52 @@
       <option name="INPUT_FILE" value="" />
       <method v="2" />
     </configuration>
+    <configuration name="sergio_dorado_example_bad" type="PythonConfigurationType" factoryName="Python" temporary="true" nameIsGenerated="true">
+      <module name="GridCal" />
+      <option name="ENV_FILES" value="" />
+      <option name="INTERPRETER_OPTIONS" value="" />
+      <option name="PARENT_ENVS" value="true" />
+      <envs>
+        <env name="PYTHONUNBUFFERED" value="1" />
+      </envs>
+      <option name="SDK_HOME" value="" />
+      <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk/substation_reduction" />
+      <option name="IS_MODULE_SDK" value="true" />
+      <option name="ADD_CONTENT_ROOTS" value="true" />
+      <option name="ADD_SOURCE_ROOTS" value="true" />
+      <EXTENSION ID="PythonCoverageRunConfigurationExtension" runner="coverage.py" />
+      <option name="SCRIPT_NAME" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_bad.py" />
+      <option name="PARAMETERS" value="" />
+      <option name="SHOW_COMMAND_LINE" value="false" />
+      <option name="EMULATE_TERMINAL" value="false" />
+      <option name="MODULE_MODE" value="false" />
+      <option name="REDIRECT_INPUT" value="false" />
+      <option name="INPUT_FILE" value="" />
+      <method v="2" />
+    </configuration>
+    <configuration name="sergio_dorado_example_good" type="PythonConfigurationType" factoryName="Python" temporary="true" nameIsGenerated="true">
+      <module name="GridCal" />
+      <option name="ENV_FILES" value="" />
+      <option name="INTERPRETER_OPTIONS" value="" />
+      <option name="PARENT_ENVS" value="true" />
+      <envs>
+        <env name="PYTHONUNBUFFERED" value="1" />
+      </envs>
+      <option name="SDK_HOME" value="" />
+      <option name="WORKING_DIRECTORY" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk/substation_reduction" />
+      <option name="IS_MODULE_SDK" value="true" />
+      <option name="ADD_CONTENT_ROOTS" value="true" />
+      <option name="ADD_SOURCE_ROOTS" value="true" />
+      <EXTENSION ID="PythonCoverageRunConfigurationExtension" runner="coverage.py" />
+      <option name="SCRIPT_NAME" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_good.py" />
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+      <option name="MODULE_MODE" value="false" />
+      <option name="REDIRECT_INPUT" value="false" />
+      <option name="INPUT_FILE" value="" />
+      <method v="2" />
+    </configuration>
     <configuration name="update_gui_file" type="PythonConfigurationType" factoryName="Python" temporary="true" nameIsGenerated="true">
       <module name="GridCal" />
       <option name="ENV_FILES" value="" />
@@ -570,40 +611,6 @@
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       <method v="2" />
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-      <option name="PARENT_ENVS" value="true" />
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     <configuration name="Nosetests in tests" type="tests" factoryName="Nosetests" temporary="true" nameIsGenerated="true">
       <module name="GridCal" />
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@@ -677,19 +684,19 @@
       <method v="2" />
     </configuration>
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+      <item itemvalue="Python.sergio_dorado_example_bad" />
+      <item itemvalue="Python.sergio_dorado_example_good" />
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       <item itemvalue="Python.ExecuteGridCal" />
-      <item itemvalue="Python tests.Nosetests for test_topology_processor.test_topology_rts" />
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       <item itemvalue="Python tests.Nosetests in tests" />
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         <item itemvalue="Python.ExecuteGridCal" />
+        <item itemvalue="Python.sergio_dorado_example_bad" />
         <item itemvalue="Python.update_gui_file" />
         <item itemvalue="Python tests.Nosetests in tests" />
-        <item itemvalue="Python tests.Nosetests for test_topology_processor.test_topology_rts" />
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       <workItem from="1714412632207" duration="1169000" />
-      <workItem from="1714979210195" duration="18026000" />
+      <workItem from="1714979210195" duration="22188000" />
     </task>
     <task id="LOCAL-00310" summary="implemented newtonPA time series">
       <created>1656059954202</created>
@@ -1762,7 +1769,7 @@
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       <updated>1698766404661</updated>
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-    <option name="localTasksCounter" value="607" />
+    <option name="localTasksCounter" value="609" />
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@@ -1833,7 +1838,9 @@
     <MESSAGE value="Added compare to the numerical circuit" />
     <MESSAGE value="minimal fixes" />
     <MESSAGE value="Moved the topology processor inside the MultiCircuit, the driver remains a driver" />
-    <option name="LAST_COMMIT_MESSAGE" value="Moved the topology processor inside the MultiCircuit, the driver remains a driver" />
+    <MESSAGE value="Added CGMES profiles list and one file per profile check" />
+    <MESSAGE value="Fixed #278" />
+    <option name="LAST_COMMIT_MESSAGE" value="Fixed #278" />
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@@ -2332,7 +2339,7 @@
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@@ -2345,6 +2352,11 @@
           <line>2576</line>
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+        <line-breakpoint enabled="true" suspend="THREAD" type="python-line">
+          <url>file://$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Diagrams/SchematicWidget/Branches/line_editor.py</url>
+          <line>16</line>
+          <option name="timeStamp" value="1647" />
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+    <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$sergio_dorado_example_node_breaker.coverage" NAME="sergio_dorado_example_node_breaker Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1715018820178" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk/substation_reduction" />
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+    <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$update_gui_file.coverage" NAME="update_gui_file Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1715016061863" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/GridCal/Gui/Main" />
     <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$Nosetests_for_tests_test_ptdf_test_ptdf_generation_contingencies.coverage" NAME="Nosetests for tests.test_ptdf.test_ptdf_generation_contingencies Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1710155943890" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/tests" />
     <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$Nosetests_in_profiles_test_py.coverage" NAME="Nosetests in profiles_test.py Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1708506908568" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/tests" />
     <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$Nosetests_for_tests_test_transformer_controls_test_v_control_true.coverage" NAME="Nosetests for tests.test_transformer_controls.test_v_control_true Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1708507569438" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/tests" />
@@ -2662,6 +2675,7 @@
     <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$fluids_try.coverage" NAME="fluids_try Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1701359636964" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/examples" />
     <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$test.coverage" NAME="test Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1612900533026" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/research/CIM/cim_to_matpower/test" />
     <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$line_arrow.coverage" NAME="line_arrow Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1640989833222" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/research/qt_related" />
+    <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$sergio_dorado_example.coverage" NAME="sergio_dorado_example Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1715016834665" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/trunk/substation_reduction" />
     <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$loss_factors_research.coverage" NAME="loss_factors_research Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1649441039281" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/research/PTDF" />
     <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$Nosetests_for_test_admittance_tap_derivatives_test_pegase89.coverage" NAME="Nosetests for test_admittance_tap_derivatives.test_pegase89 Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1708506867277" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/tests" />
     <SUITE FILE_PATH="coverage/GridCal$switch_reduction_sparse.coverage" NAME="switch_reduction_sparse Coverage Results" MODIFIED="1615742705813" SOURCE_PROVIDER="com.intellij.coverage.DefaultCoverageFileProvider" RUNNER="coverage.py" COVERAGE_BY_TEST_ENABLED="true" COVERAGE_TRACING_ENABLED="false" WORKING_DIRECTORY="$PROJECT_DIR$/src/research/grid_reduction/substation_reduction" />
diff --git a/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/Substation/connectivity_node.py b/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/Substation/connectivity_node.py
index 733a246db..4eae0dc21 100644
--- a/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/Substation/connectivity_node.py
+++ b/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/Substation/connectivity_node.py
@@ -16,14 +16,16 @@
 # Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 
 from typing import Union
-from GridCalEngine.Devices.Parents.editable_device import EditableDevice, DeviceType
+
+from GridCalEngine.Devices import Substation
 from GridCalEngine.Devices.Substation.bus import Bus
+from GridCalEngine.Devices.Parents.editable_device import EditableDevice, DeviceType
 
 
 class ConnectivityNode(EditableDevice):
 
     def __init__(self, name='CN', idtag=None, code='', dc: bool = False,
-                 default_bus: Union[None, Bus] = None):
+                 default_bus: Union[None, Bus] = None, substation: Union[Substation, None] = None):
         """
         Constructor
         :param name: Name of the connectivity node
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ def __init__(self, name='CN', idtag=None, code='', dc: bool = False,
         :param code: secondary identifyier
         :param dc: is this a DC connectivity node?
         :param default_bus: Default bus to use for topology processing (optional)
+        :param substation: Substation of this connectivity node (optional)
         """
         EditableDevice.__init__(self,
                                 name=name,
@@ -42,8 +45,12 @@ def __init__(self, name='CN', idtag=None, code='', dc: bool = False,
 
         self.default_bus: Union[None, Bus] = default_bus
 
+        self.substation: Union[Substation, None] = substation
+
         self.register("dc", "", bool, "is this a DC connectivity node?")
 
         self.register("default_bus", "", DeviceType.BusDevice,
                       "Default bus to use for topology processing (optional)")
 
+        self.register("substation", "", DeviceType.SubstationDevice,
+                      "Substation of this connectivity node (optional)")
diff --git a/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/multi_circuit.py b/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/multi_circuit.py
index 3ff93fb87..412f6f564 100644
--- a/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/multi_circuit.py
+++ b/src/GridCalEngine/Devices/multi_circuit.py
@@ -5941,10 +5941,19 @@ def convert_to_node_breaker(self) -> None:
             if bus_bar.cn.default_bus:
                 bus_bar.cn.default_bus.code = bus.code  # for soft checking later
 
-        # branches
-        for elm in self.get_branches():
-            elm.cn_from = bus_to_busbar_cn.get(elm.bus_from.idtag, None)
-            elm.cn_to = bus_to_busbar_cn.get(elm.bus_to.idtag, None)
+        # add the cn's at the branches
+        for lst in [self.get_branches(), self.get_switches()]:
+            for elm in lst:
+                if elm.bus_from:
+                    elm.cn_from = bus_to_busbar_cn.get(elm.bus_from.idtag, None)
+                if elm.bus_to:
+                    elm.cn_to = bus_to_busbar_cn.get(elm.bus_to.idtag, None)
+
+        # add the cn's at the branches
+        for lst in self.get_injection_devices_lists():
+            for elm in lst:
+                if elm.bus:
+                    elm.cn = bus_to_busbar_cn.get(elm.bus.idtag, None)
 
     def convert_to_node_breaker_adding_switches(self) -> None:
         """
@@ -6101,7 +6110,8 @@ def process_topology_at(self,
 
         for dev_lst in self.get_injection_devices_lists():
             for elm in dev_lst:
-                elm.set_bus_at(t_idx=t_idx, val=process_info.get_final_bus(elm.cn))
+                if elm.cn is not None:
+                    elm.set_bus_at(t_idx=t_idx, val=process_info.get_final_bus(elm.cn))
 
         # return the TopologyProcessorInfo
         return process_info
diff --git a/src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_bad.py b/src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_bad.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12ab7be3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_bad.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import GridCalEngine.api as gce
+
+grid = gce.MultiCircuit(name="TNR_three_bus")
+
+# SADR: object to encapsulate the elements within the reconfigurable substation.
+s3 = gce.Substation(name="bus_3")
+grid.add_substation(s3)
+
+# SADR: substations modeled as bus-branch.
+bus_1 = gce.Bus("bus_1", vnom=240, vmax=1.10, vmin=0.90)
+bus_1.is_slack = True
+grid.add_bus(bus_1)
+
+bus_2 = gce.Bus("bus_2", vnom=240, vmax=1.10, vmin=0.90)
+grid.add_bus(bus_2)
+
+# SADR: substation modeled as a node-breaker model.
+# Busbars
+busbar_1 = gce.BusBar('busbar_1')
+grid.add_bus_bar(busbar_1)
+busbar_2 = gce.BusBar('busbar_2')
+grid.add_bus_bar(busbar_2)
+
+# SADR: connectivity nodes for the elements connected to the original substation.
+bus3_g3 = gce.Bus('bus3_g3', vnom=240, vmax=1.10, vmin=0.90)
+grid.add_bus(bus3_g3)
+
+bus3_l3 = gce.Bus('bus3_l3', vnom=240, vmax=1.10, vmin=0.90)
+grid.add_bus(bus3_l3)
+
+bus3_l13 = gce.Bus('bus3_l13', vnom=240, vmax=1.10, vmin=0.90)
+grid.add_bus(bus3_l13)
+
+bus3_l32 = gce.Bus('bus3_l32', vnom=240, vmax=1.10, vmin=0.90)
+grid.add_bus(bus3_l32)
+
+# SADR: generator at bus 1.
+gen_1 = gce.Generator(name='gen_1', vset=1.00,
+                      Pmin=0, Pmax=307, Qmin=-1000, Qmax=1000,
+                      Cost2=0.11, Cost=5.00, Cost0=0.00,
+                      P=153.5
+                      )
+grid.add_generator(bus_1, gen_1)
+
+# SADR: generator at bus 2.
+gen_2 = gce.Generator(name='gen_2',
+                      Pmin=0, Pmax=214, Qmin=-1000, Qmax=1000,
+                      Cost2=0.085, Cost=1.200, Cost0=0.00,
+                      P=107.0)
+grid.add_generator(bus_2, gen_2)
+
+# SADR: generator at bus 3 (synchronous condenser).
+gen_3 = gce.Generator(name='gen_3',
+                      Pmin=0.0, Pmax=0.00, Qmin=-1000, Qmax=1000,
+                      Cost2=0.000, Cost=0.000, Cost0=0.000,
+                      P=0.0)
+grid.add_generator(bus3_g3, gen_3)
+
+# SADR: lines
+grid.add_line(gce.Line(bus_1, bus3_l13, name='line 1-3', r=0.065, x=0.62, b=0.45, rate=9000))
+grid.add_line(gce.Line(bus3_l32, bus_2, name='line 3-2', r=0.025, x=0.75, b=0.70, rate=50))
+grid.add_line(gce.Line(bus_1, bus_2, name='line 1-2', r=0.042, x=0.90, b=0.30, rate=9000))
+
+grid.add_load(bus_1, gce.Load(name='load1', P=147.08, Q=40.00))
+grid.add_load(bus_2, gce.Load(name='load2', P=147.08, Q=40.00))
+grid.add_load(bus3_l3, gce.Load(name='load3', P=127.03, Q=50.00))
+
+grid.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB1", bus_from=bus3_g3, bus_to=busbar_1, is_open=False))
+grid.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB2", bus_from=bus3_l13, bus_to=busbar_1, is_open=False))
+grid.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB3", bus_from=bus3_l32, bus_to=busbar_1, is_open=False))
+grid.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB4", bus_from=bus3_l3, bus_to=busbar_1, is_open=False))
+grid.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB5", bus_from=bus3_g3, bus_to=busbar_2, is_open=True))
+grid.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB6", bus_from=bus3_g3, bus_to=busbar_2, is_open=True))
+grid.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB7", bus_from=bus3_g3, bus_to=busbar_2, is_open=True))
+grid.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB8", bus_from=bus3_g3, bus_to=busbar_2, is_open=True))
+
+# grid.convert_to_node_breaker()
+# grid.process_topology_at(t_idx=None)
+
+options = gce.PowerFlowOptions(gce.SolverType.NR, verbose=True, control_q=False)
+power_flow = gce.PowerFlowDriver(grid, options)
+
+power_flow.run()
+print(f"Converged: {power_flow.results.converged}")
+if power_flow.results.converged:
+    print(f"Error: {power_flow.results.error}")
+    print(power_flow.results.get_bus_df())
+    print(power_flow.results.get_branch_df())
diff --git a/src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_good.py b/src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_good.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..323990d5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/trunk/substation_reduction/sergio_dorado_example_good.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import GridCalEngine.api as gce
+
+
+def get_grid_bus_branch() -> gce.MultiCircuit:
+    """
+    Example from Sergio Dorado: 3-bus grid with no switches
+    see: https://github.com/SanPen/GridCal/issues/279
+    :return: MultiCircuit
+    """
+    grid1 = gce.MultiCircuit(name="Bus-branch grid")
+
+    b1 = gce.Bus(name="B1")
+    b2 = gce.Bus(name="B2")
+    b3 = gce.Bus(name="B3")
+
+    grid1.add_bus(b1)
+    grid1.add_bus(b2)
+    grid1.add_bus(b3)
+
+    # SADR: generator at bus 1.
+    gen_1 = gce.Generator(name='gen_1', vset=1.00,
+                          Pmin=0, Pmax=307, Qmin=-1000, Qmax=1000,
+                          Cost2=0.11, Cost=5.00, Cost0=0.00,
+                          P=153.5)
+    grid1.add_generator(b1, gen_1)
+
+    # SADR: generator at bus 2.
+    gen_2 = gce.Generator(name='gen_2',
+                          Pmin=0, Pmax=214, Qmin=-1000, Qmax=1000,
+                          Cost2=0.085, Cost=1.200, Cost0=0.00,
+                          P=107.0)
+    grid1.add_generator(b2, gen_2)
+
+    # SADR: generator at bus 3 (synchronous condenser).
+    gen_3 = gce.Generator(name='gen_3',
+                          Pmin=0.0, Pmax=0.00, Qmin=-1000, Qmax=1000,
+                          Cost2=0.000, Cost=0.000, Cost0=0.000,
+                          P=0.0)
+    grid1.add_generator(b3, gen_3)
+
+    # SADR: lines
+    grid1.add_line(gce.Line(b1, b2, name='line 1-2', r=0.042, x=0.90, b=0.30, rate=9000))
+    grid1.add_line(gce.Line(b1, b3, name='line 1-3', r=0.065, x=0.62, b=0.45, rate=9000))
+    grid1.add_line(gce.Line(b3, b2, name='line 3-2', r=0.025, x=0.75, b=0.70, rate=50))
+
+    # add the loads
+    grid1.add_load(b1, gce.Load(name='load1', P=147.08, Q=40.00))
+    grid1.add_load(b2, gce.Load(name='load2', P=147.08, Q=40.00))
+    grid1.add_load(b3, gce.Load(name='load3', P=127.03, Q=50.00))
+
+    return grid1
+
+
+def get_grid_node_breaker() -> gce.MultiCircuit:
+    """
+    Example from Sergio Dorado: 3-bus grid with switches
+    See: https://github.com/SanPen/GridCal/issues/279
+    :return: MultiCircuit
+    """
+    grid1 = gce.MultiCircuit(name="Node-breaker grid")
+
+    # add buses: Buses can be thought as calculation nodes.
+    # they are not necessarily substation busbars
+    b1 = gce.Bus(name="B1")
+    b2 = gce.Bus(name="B2")
+
+    grid1.add_bus(b1)
+    grid1.add_bus(b2)
+
+    # add a proper substation
+    se3 = gce.Substation(name="Substation3")
+    grid1.add_substation(se3)
+
+    # add the substation voltage levels
+    vl3_1 = gce.VoltageLevel(name="VL3-1", substation=se3)
+    vl3_2 = gce.VoltageLevel(name="VL3-2", substation=se3)
+    grid1.add_voltage_level(vl3_1)
+    grid1.add_voltage_level(vl3_2)
+
+    # add the substation busbars
+    # we create 2 busbars, each busbar will have a connectivity node inside automatically created
+    b3_1 = gce.BusBar(name="BusBar 3-1", voltage_level=vl3_1)
+    b3_2 = gce.BusBar(name="BusBar 3-2", voltage_level=vl3_2)
+
+    grid1.add_bus_bar(b3_1)
+    grid1.add_bus_bar(b3_2)
+
+    # we create the 4 middle connectivity nodes
+    cn3_1 = gce.ConnectivityNode(name="CN3_1")
+    cn3_2 = gce.ConnectivityNode(name="CN3_2")
+    cn3_3 = gce.ConnectivityNode(name="CN3_3")
+    cn3_4 = gce.ConnectivityNode(name="CN3_4")
+
+    grid1.add_connectivity_node(cn3_1)
+    grid1.add_connectivity_node(cn3_2)
+    grid1.add_connectivity_node(cn3_3)
+    grid1.add_connectivity_node(cn3_4)
+
+    # Add the generators
+    g1 = gce.Generator(name='gen_1', vset=1.00, Pmin=0, Pmax=307, Qmin=-1000, Qmax=1000,
+                       Cost2=0.11, Cost=5.00, Cost0=0.00, P=153.5)
+
+    g2 = gce.Generator(name='gen_2', Pmin=0, Pmax=214, Qmin=-1000, Qmax=1000,
+                       Cost2=0.085, Cost=1.200, Cost0=0.00, P=107.0)
+
+    g3 = gce.Generator(name='gen_3', Pmin=0.0, Pmax=0.00, Qmin=-1000, Qmax=1000,
+                       Cost2=0.000, Cost=0.000, Cost0=0.000, P=0.0)
+
+    grid1.add_generator(bus=b1, api_obj=g1)
+    grid1.add_generator(bus=b2, api_obj=g2)
+    grid1.add_generator(bus=None, api_obj=g3, cn=cn3_2)
+
+    # SADR: lines
+    grid1.add_line(gce.Line(b1, b2, name='line 1-2', r=0.042, x=0.90, b=0.30, rate=9000))
+    grid1.add_line(gce.Line(bus_from=b1, cn_to=cn3_1, name='line 1-3', r=0.065, x=0.62, b=0.45, rate=9000))
+    grid1.add_line(gce.Line(cn_from=cn3_4, bus_to=b2, name='line 3-2', r=0.025, x=0.75, b=0.70, rate=50))
+
+    # add loads
+    grid1.add_load(bus=b1, api_obj=gce.Load(name='load1', P=147.08, Q=40.00))
+    grid1.add_load(bus=b2, api_obj=gce.Load(name='load2', P=147.08, Q=40.00))
+    grid1.add_load(bus=None, api_obj=gce.Load(name='load3', P=127.03, Q=50.00), cn=cn3_3)
+
+    # add switches
+    grid1.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB1", cn_from=cn3_1, cn_to=b3_1.cn, is_open=False))
+    grid1.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB2", cn_from=cn3_2, cn_to=b3_1.cn, is_open=False))
+    grid1.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB3", cn_from=cn3_3, cn_to=b3_1.cn, is_open=False))
+    grid1.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB4", cn_from=cn3_4, cn_to=b3_1.cn, is_open=False))
+
+    grid1.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB5", cn_from=cn3_1, cn_to=b3_2.cn, is_open=False))
+    grid1.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB6", cn_from=cn3_2, cn_to=b3_2.cn, is_open=False))
+    grid1.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB7", cn_from=cn3_3, cn_to=b3_2.cn, is_open=False))
+    grid1.add_switch(gce.Switch(name="CB8", cn_from=cn3_4, cn_to=b3_2.cn, is_open=False))
+
+    # Note: As you may observe, objects can be independently connected to buses or connectivity nodes
+    # busbars are just a convenient proxy for connectivity nodes, which they store internally.
+    # any model with connectivity nodes must be previously processed (only once, or upon switch state changes)
+    # Switches are not used as regular branches and this constitutes the proper way of handling substation tpologies.
+
+    # process the topology
+    grid1.process_topology_at(t_idx=None)
+
+    return grid1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    for grid_ in [
+        get_grid_bus_branch(),
+        get_grid_node_breaker()
+    ]:
+        options = gce.PowerFlowOptions(gce.SolverType.NR, verbose=True, control_q=False)
+        power_flow = gce.PowerFlowDriver(grid_, options)
+
+        power_flow.run()
+        print(f"Converged: {power_flow.results.converged}")
+        if power_flow.results.converged:
+            print(f"Error: {power_flow.results.error}")
+            print(power_flow.results.get_bus_df())
+            print(power_flow.results.get_branch_df())