AA_Sequences.ipynb

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        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/VimalChamyal/Python-for-data-science/blob/main/AA_Sequences.ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
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      "source": [
        "### Section 1. All about List in python\n",
        "1. List is similar to string in technicalities. We will try to check it as well lil bit here\n",
        "2. It is a ds that holds an ordered (order of values will remain same, until we change it) collection of different values.\n",
        "3. Lists in python are mutable (we can change there composition), we can access individual elements of a list using indexings, slicing etc..."
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      "source": [
        "fav_items = [\"apple\", \"mango\", \"guava\", True, None, 2.32]\n",
        "# We can store any data type"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "type(fav_items)"
      ],
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        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "list"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 6
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "\"hello world python rocks\".split()\n",
        "# inside (), we can specify the seperator"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
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        "id": "4lozAaMM3Min",
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          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['hello', 'world', 'python', 'rocks']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 12
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = []"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wt1OsaXO3e-6"
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      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = list()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7kCpuyAi3t7H"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "dir(x)\n",
        "# list of all the methods we can use with a list"
      ],
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            "text/plain": [
              "['__add__',\n",
              " '__class__',\n",
              " '__contains__',\n",
              " '__delattr__',\n",
              " '__delitem__',\n",
              " '__dir__',\n",
              " '__doc__',\n",
              " '__eq__',\n",
              " '__format__',\n",
              " '__ge__',\n",
              " '__getattribute__',\n",
              " '__getitem__',\n",
              " '__gt__',\n",
              " '__hash__',\n",
              " '__iadd__',\n",
              " '__imul__',\n",
              " '__init__',\n",
              " '__init_subclass__',\n",
              " '__iter__',\n",
              " '__le__',\n",
              " '__len__',\n",
              " '__lt__',\n",
              " '__mul__',\n",
              " '__ne__',\n",
              " '__new__',\n",
              " '__reduce__',\n",
              " '__reduce_ex__',\n",
              " '__repr__',\n",
              " '__reversed__',\n",
              " '__rmul__',\n",
              " '__setattr__',\n",
              " '__setitem__',\n",
              " '__sizeof__',\n",
              " '__str__',\n",
              " '__subclasshook__',\n",
              " 'append',\n",
              " 'clear',\n",
              " 'copy',\n",
              " 'count',\n",
              " 'extend',\n",
              " 'index',\n",
              " 'insert',\n",
              " 'pop',\n",
              " 'remove',\n",
              " 'reverse',\n",
              " 'sort']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 16
        }
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      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items"
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      "execution_count": null,
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        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['apple', 'mango', 'guava', True, None, 2.32]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 17
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Accessing elements"
      ],
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        "id": "vWgKq7OJ4AxW"
      }
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items[2]"
      ],
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          "height": 35
        },
        "id": "j4EskVhb3-4s",
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      "execution_count": null,
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          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'guava'"
            ],
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              "type": "string"
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          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 18
        }
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      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items[-3]\n",
        "\n",
        "# -ve indexing (going backwards) starts from 1 instead of 0"
      ],
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          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
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        "id": "-fSA0h-E4FEb",
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      "execution_count": null,
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        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "True"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 22
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "\"string\"[-2]"
      ],
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          "height": 35
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        "id": "2GYv6ssB4Hox",
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          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'n'"
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              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 23
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      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "\"string\"[0: :2]"
      ],
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          "height": 35
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        "id": "ueqoNK394Y98",
        "outputId": "b7f65b67-084d-486e-ea2f-0e78eee1df14"
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      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'srn'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 24
        }
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "\"string\"[::2]"
      ],
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        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        },
        "id": "N3lW1dcn4eqG",
        "outputId": "324f06f9-7731-4041-ccea-6d1463bfd33c"
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          "output_type": "execute_result",
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            "text/plain": [
              "'srn'"
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              "type": "string"
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          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 27
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      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "\"string\"[::-1]\n",
        "# Reversing a string"
      ],
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        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'gnirts'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 32
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "ozhbJB4d42l0",
        "outputId": "f7df3c70-2d46-4cc0-fcad-e9c78636eee2"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['apple', 'mango', 'guava', True, None, 2.32]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 33
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items[::-1]\n",
        "# Reversing a list"
      ],
      "metadata": {
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          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
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        "id": "QMvu3ROo5I08",
        "outputId": "54fab160-764b-4f34-ba52-938fe34c20ab"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[2.32, None, True, 'guava', 'mango', 'apple']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 35
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items[::-2]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "b1wWfCyq5K95",
        "outputId": "ce07b655-c34d-43cd-c54c-f75f5aa6c490"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[2.32, True, 'mango']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 37
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "id(fav_items)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "l7AKWPTb5OSk",
        "outputId": "4a85a65b-9436-488e-cfd9-781b887861e2"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "139624959080640"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 38
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "id(fav_items[1:])\n",
        "# id of a part of string"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "0DCJX7yF5WOu",
        "outputId": "778f4bdd-84ed-40fa-b30b-35b15b77edbe"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "139624206273472"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 40
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "id(fav_items[:])\n",
        "# id of this also is different (whole list sliced)\n",
        "# This is because the list when sliced creates a new list"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
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        "id": "NaFPzdMe5bR4",
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        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "139625456917248"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 42
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "len(fav_items)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
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        "id": "TyyBJpXQ5gY6",
        "outputId": "31fb125e-2aa4-4881-8efb-66c7ca2de5fd"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "6"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 43
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### List Built-in functions"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "x_s0VXij5-mQ"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items.append(54)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8i-sA14U58Fp"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "len(fav_items)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "r09d5Jge6FFg",
        "outputId": "c9cee96d-9038-4c2e-86ea-902c8e417134"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "7"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 45
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items"
      ],
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        "id": "UvJTmc1C6Hm8",
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      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['apple', 'mango', 'guava', True, None, 2.32, 54]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 46
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items.insert(1, \"banana\")\n",
        "# insert at a specified place"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "o-Nhg-Rg6NJE"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "xglI_XWR6Ua5",
        "outputId": "e2ea33ed-7164-4b96-8174-02fc17822b73"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['apple',\n",
              " 'banana',\n",
              " 'banana',\n",
              " 'banana',\n",
              " 'mango',\n",
              " 'guava',\n",
              " True,\n",
              " None,\n",
              " 2.32,\n",
              " 54,\n",
              " 1,\n",
              " 2,\n",
              " 4,\n",
              " 5,\n",
              " 6]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 59
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items.extend([1,2,4,5,6])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "NmOnH5u76WJu"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fav_items"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "XjadeMKD6hOn",
        "outputId": "e51b4377-f4d0-49b9-cf52-e9cfd27022da"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['apple',\n",
              " 'banana',\n",
              " 'banana',\n",
              " 'banana',\n",
              " 'mango',\n",
              " 'guava',\n",
              " True,\n",
              " None,\n",
              " 2.32,\n",
              " 54,\n",
              " 1,\n",
              " 2,\n",
              " 4,\n",
              " 5,\n",
              " 6,\n",
              " 1,\n",
              " 2,\n",
              " 4,\n",
              " 5,\n",
              " 6]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 61
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y = [1,\"apple\",4,5,67,4,3,3,3]\n",
        "y"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "WAoXNR5n6iJg",
        "outputId": "b396b944-611d-4ed7-ca00-ca821838230a"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[1, 'apple', 4, 5, 67, 4, 3, 3, 3]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 62
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y.clear()\n",
        "y"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "1nGpY7p76njo",
        "outputId": "ef9a1831-53d5-45a3-f523-b0a4408e52ce"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 63
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Deleting"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "NY1AP2Dq7Ayj"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x1 = fav_items[:]\n",
        "x2 = fav_items[:]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "QMnv0-U-6q4Z"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(x1)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "pNNaxzw-7GMu",
        "outputId": "a01d532f-e524-4609-f6c7-794b7980e5db"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "['apple', 'banana', 'banana', 'banana', 'mango', 'guava', True, None, 2.32, 54, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x1.pop()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "WDyWEgph7KCp",
        "outputId": "ada5faf7-e989-4be8-f653-7df622d32e3e"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "6"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 68
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(x1)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "QkTWPwPu7QVI",
        "outputId": "759d4c9f-4a4e-4feb-a8f9-bf22cca2fc21"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "['apple', 'banana', 'banana', 'banana', 'mango', 'guava', True, None, 2.32, 54, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 4, 5]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# pop from a specified place\n",
        "x1.pop(3)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        },
        "id": "VQ8S03b67SJz",
        "outputId": "a92cccc9-2384-42bb-a5fd-9400b0ec2aa9"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'banana'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 72
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x1.pop(2)\n"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        },
        "id": "xMit90kq7Z2n",
        "outputId": "cca1fde1-0a52-4883-aa13-08b2f697fdc7"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'banana'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 74
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(x1)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Zpd_Whys7hnY",
        "outputId": "2db8094d-521e-4a62-ed8c-d8cd4af56d3f"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "['apple', 'banana', 'mango', 'guava', True, None, 2.32, 54, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 4, 5]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# pop a specified value\n",
        "x1.pop(x1.index(\"mango\"))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        },
        "id": "K0uAxLiJ7mdA",
        "outputId": "1e440c09-4883-4e43-d7dd-283c2463e6d8"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'mango'"
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 77
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(x1)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "AUYjo4Wy7rWi",
        "outputId": "ece56423-cb9b-44f4-c64d-05fd9d7eac8d"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "['apple', 'banana', 'guava', True, None, 2.32, 54, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 4, 5]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x1.index(\"banana\")\n",
        "# with this we get the index of an element in our list"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "rO5LEMc37xQ9",
        "outputId": "1af505df-ee0f-427f-ac72-371b99237ad9"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "1"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 81
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x1.pop(x1.index(None))\n",
        "# by adding pop we remove the element (once we have accessed it from the index)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7VbYnYIc74FG"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x1"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "dAgfrvcW7-oO",
        "outputId": "cd621c98-5fc9-45a9-c6a3-dd9ba734cd2f"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['apple', 'guava', True, 2.32, 54, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 4, 5]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 87
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "#removing elements in a simpler way\n",
        "x1.remove(True)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1J3o-Emk8OU-"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x1"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "BtZJ1T0g8hTC",
        "outputId": "c82cb51f-0d2d-48fe-ae81-b542e8b9a9ad"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['apple', 'guava', 2.32, 54, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 4, 5]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 89
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Using the del keyword for deleting\n",
        "fav_items"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "5jNYecWu8iZb",
        "outputId": "5517e678-eb40-402b-be00-5466847f54dc"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['apple',\n",
              " 'banana',\n",
              " 'banana',\n",
              " 'banana',\n",
              " 'mango',\n",
              " 'guava',\n",
              " True,\n",
              " None,\n",
              " 2.32,\n",
              " 54,\n",
              " 1,\n",
              " 2,\n",
              " 4,\n",
              " 5,\n",
              " 6,\n",
              " 1,\n",
              " 2,\n",
              " 4,\n",
              " 5,\n",
              " 6]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 90
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "del fav_items[1:4]\n",
        "print(fav_items)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "ky7n40Lj9EPP",
        "outputId": "dfafcd12-e2b8-4295-d238-345dc50d409b"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "['apple', None, 2.32, 54, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "z = [8,2,6,3,2,5,7,8,4,2,2,4,7,6,4,3,22]\n",
        "z.sort()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "KeP7WHsg9OSi"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "dir(z)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "4-MyjmS_9n5d",
        "outputId": "26962f46-f7e5-4375-f146-1cc50fe12291"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['__add__',\n",
              " '__class__',\n",
              " '__contains__',\n",
              " '__delattr__',\n",
              " '__delitem__',\n",
              " '__dir__',\n",
              " '__doc__',\n",
              " '__eq__',\n",
              " '__format__',\n",
              " '__ge__',\n",
              " '__getattribute__',\n",
              " '__getitem__',\n",
              " '__gt__',\n",
              " '__hash__',\n",
              " '__iadd__',\n",
              " '__imul__',\n",
              " '__init__',\n",
              " '__init_subclass__',\n",
              " '__iter__',\n",
              " '__le__',\n",
              " '__len__',\n",
              " '__lt__',\n",
              " '__mul__',\n",
              " '__ne__',\n",
              " '__new__',\n",
              " '__reduce__',\n",
              " '__reduce_ex__',\n",
              " '__repr__',\n",
              " '__reversed__',\n",
              " '__rmul__',\n",
              " '__setattr__',\n",
              " '__setitem__',\n",
              " '__sizeof__',\n",
              " '__str__',\n",
              " '__subclasshook__',\n",
              " 'append',\n",
              " 'clear',\n",
              " 'copy',\n",
              " 'count',\n",
              " 'extend',\n",
              " 'index',\n",
              " 'insert',\n",
              " 'pop',\n",
              " 'remove',\n",
              " 'reverse',\n",
              " 'sort']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 99
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "z1 = z.copy()\n",
        "#copy a list"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "RVl-f9489o1-"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(z1, z)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Wpd3E4iA943m",
        "outputId": "8e08ad43-5fd7-408c-e1e3-d7b476219b72"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "[2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 22] [2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 22]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Comprehension\n",
        "A compact syntax for generating a list in some functional programing languages."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "0eHRq0aR-DRW"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# We need to make a list from 1 to 30\n",
        "x = [i+1 for i in range(30)]\n",
        "# for i in the range 0 to 30 we want i+1\n",
        "print(x)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "4W9DMCi097te",
        "outputId": "bcb25219-6aeb-454c-e47a-034703e9568f"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "[(\"Hi \" + i) for i in [\"Vimal\", \"Ashu\", \"Ashwin\", \"Chaitanya\"]]\n",
        "# For every item in the given list we have to add 'Hi '"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "jVyk4ySa-XK2",
        "outputId": "497356b9-c837-4d02-a186-fbe65b15313b"
      },
      "execution_count": 1,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['Hi Vimal', 'Hi Ashu', 'Hi Ashwin', 'Hi Chaitanya']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Section 2. All about Tuples & immutability\n",
        "\n",
        "Tuples is a data structure that holds an immutable ordered collection of items, similar to a list"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "EDLpGcy3oJQM"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "tp = (1,2,3,4, True, 'SLSLSLS')\n",
        "print(type(tp))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "gE2RMKgfoING",
        "outputId": "70351001-88fa-4f45-fee5-e1e1b87a1714"
      },
      "execution_count": 3,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<class 'tuple'>\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y = ()\n",
        "print(type(y))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "GKx2aEyIpqaH",
        "outputId": "e7bfce09-52b0-489f-d444-200bc3525d49"
      },
      "execution_count": 5,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<class 'tuple'>\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = 1,2,3,4, True, 'SLSLSLS'\n",
        "\n",
        "# We can write directly like this as well"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "F_S2cPLrpuT-"
      },
      "execution_count": 8,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x,y"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Tuhq1T-Pp7Lq",
        "outputId": "3973ad47-d184-4f9b-929f-e3c9cf11f2c0"
      },
      "execution_count": 9,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "((1, 2, 3, 4, True, 'SLSLSLS'), ())"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = (\"str\")\n",
        "print(type(x))\n",
        "\n",
        "# If our tuple has just 1 element in it then it's a problem like this"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "lr2CKpaZp8Lc",
        "outputId": "be980f72-0b14-4298-9d3c-309e2784d0a7"
      },
      "execution_count": 13,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<class 'str'>\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "z = (\"str\",)\n",
        "print(type(z))\n",
        "\n",
        "# To create a tuple with just a single element we need to type , as well"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "3TW9L7_TqLP-",
        "outputId": "5673844c-bca7-47cb-db6b-26779d15a449"
      },
      "execution_count": 14,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<class 'tuple'>\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "dir(z)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "fTVlSPiDqTYb",
        "outputId": "08ee0cb7-a286-485b-8075-7756fe977197"
      },
      "execution_count": 15,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['__add__',\n",
              " '__class__',\n",
              " '__contains__',\n",
              " '__delattr__',\n",
              " '__dir__',\n",
              " '__doc__',\n",
              " '__eq__',\n",
              " '__format__',\n",
              " '__ge__',\n",
              " '__getattribute__',\n",
              " '__getitem__',\n",
              " '__getnewargs__',\n",
              " '__gt__',\n",
              " '__hash__',\n",
              " '__init__',\n",
              " '__init_subclass__',\n",
              " '__iter__',\n",
              " '__le__',\n",
              " '__len__',\n",
              " '__lt__',\n",
              " '__mul__',\n",
              " '__ne__',\n",
              " '__new__',\n",
              " '__reduce__',\n",
              " '__reduce_ex__',\n",
              " '__repr__',\n",
              " '__rmul__',\n",
              " '__setattr__',\n",
              " '__sizeof__',\n",
              " '__str__',\n",
              " '__subclasshook__',\n",
              " 'count',\n",
              " 'index']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 15
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = (1,2,3,4, True, 'SLSLSLS')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "NxklFKrbqigL"
      },
      "execution_count": 16,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y = x + (5,6, False)\n",
        "print(y)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Itv4wwk6qp3W",
        "outputId": "e34d9c26-2718-47a6-9df5-fa774e6ef820"
      },
      "execution_count": 20,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "(1, 2, 3, 4, True, 'SLSLSLS', 5, 6, False)\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Now to show that tuple is immutable we can check the ids\n",
        "\n",
        "id(x), id(y)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Both ids are different which means we haven't appended the original tuple"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "VoFW-M5qqr2v",
        "outputId": "fb027ffe-2007-48e5-8bd8-8a0e18706d8f"
      },
      "execution_count": 24,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "(139710740245184, 139710460593536)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 24
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "len(x)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "5YWVtDU2q3C7",
        "outputId": "5d701499-29ca-47af-8601-5ad8ad1fbaae"
      },
      "execution_count": 25,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "6"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 25
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x + (5,6, False)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "A5PGiXg3rEgv",
        "outputId": "8da2e186-d16d-4fce-d47b-21a024a32402"
      },
      "execution_count": 26,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "(1, 2, 3, 4, True, 'SLSLSLS', 5, 6, False)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 26
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "len(x)\n",
        "\n",
        "# This also shows that original tuple isn't changed. Immutabilty"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "87LyvndprLR7",
        "outputId": "f8ff01d8-3eab-45fc-c308-875f22f0d73f"
      },
      "execution_count": 28,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "6"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 28
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "str(x)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Tuple to string"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 35
        },
        "id": "QK3lxWB-rMi2",
        "outputId": "f6031b5e-1e2c-4e1b-f530-a1eccfad0479"
      },
      "execution_count": 35,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "\"(1, 2, 3, 4, True, 'SLSLSLS')\""
            ],
            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
              "type": "string"
            }
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 35
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "tuple('string')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Ifdal4jArcqk",
        "outputId": "ffe166f9-3e92-4ffc-f53b-78525c1298a0"
      },
      "execution_count": 36,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "('s', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g')"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 36
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y = (1,2,3,4,5,1,1,1,1,1,1,3,4,5,67,7,5,4, True, 'SLSLSLS')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "mk2LQ9dK-Dlv"
      },
      "execution_count": 48,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y.count(1)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "lFr2HwF_-c-I",
        "outputId": "cf17122a-7519-4aa8-979a-c4ca17a91d58"
      },
      "execution_count": 49,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "8"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 49
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y.index(1)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Returns the 1st occurence index"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "NjxxkTLZ-gBH",
        "outputId": "93afa6c8-5fe4-4dd2-e359-17e6c9535ad5"
      },
      "execution_count": 50,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "0"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 50
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y.index(True)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "6sMI_8tv-keJ",
        "outputId": "427d8167-44f7-426a-d46a-1da663d4ba26"
      },
      "execution_count": 51,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "0"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 51
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Numbers, Strings, Booleans are immutable objects (we can't change them)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "0xa0zdp9-_6o"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = 50"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "M1aoinC6-qhn"
      },
      "execution_count": 60,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "id(x)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "PFTReBNc-6TY",
        "outputId": "59c6671d-b768-4fa6-e597-f6d0e440f73a"
      },
      "execution_count": 61,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "9794656"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 61
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = 3 + x\n",
        "id(x)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "PAzVOfoM_Ori",
        "outputId": "3f380d42-efd0-443b-8e5f-42d521e73789"
      },
      "execution_count": 62,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "9794752"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 62
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = [2,3,5,6,\"apple\"]\n",
        "id(x)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Q-csP3Yd_SZu",
        "outputId": "0712868d-bddd-4ccb-ec37-bf3d648669e3"
      },
      "execution_count": 65,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "139710460894720"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 65
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x.append(\"mango\")\n",
        "x"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "ywazjreb_WlB",
        "outputId": "656af9b7-f432-421d-becc-a6e10e662422"
      },
      "execution_count": 68,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[2, 3, 5, 6, 'apple', 'mango', 'mango']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 68
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "id(x)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Lists are mutable (can be changed). We have changed the existing list"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "WCob-kYH_jDy",
        "outputId": "93f61d8d-05b6-4200-b0e6-b58c9b4cde2b"
      },
      "execution_count": 72,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "139710460894720"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 72
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Section 3. Dictionaries\n",
        "\n",
        "1. A dictionary is a data structure that represents a collection of key-value pairs.\n",
        "2. In a dictionary, keys are unique and are used to access the corresponding values.\n",
        "3. Dictionaries are mutable. Meaning we can change the orginal dictionary"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UsN5MwhoAW6V"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "contacts = {\n",
        "    \"Vimal\" : 1234567890,\n",
        "    \"Harsh\" : 2345696532,\n",
        "    \"Ashu\" : 4234234234\n",
        "}"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HsiJDr8V_nb-"
      },
      "execution_count": 73,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "type(contacts)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "2RhuNwqlBZBO",
        "outputId": "9fbabb7e-e6f1-486d-eac0-7d89ea8ee88d"
      },
      "execution_count": 74,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "dict"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 74
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "empty = {}"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GZqVRxwJBaLu"
      },
      "execution_count": 75,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "type(empty)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "h1lSx8dXBbyK",
        "outputId": "c0176052-d6a6-41b7-c8bb-74355856a986"
      },
      "execution_count": 76,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "dict"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 76
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "dir(contacts)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "lgA4U3BvBdKj",
        "outputId": "4b5a22eb-6564-4a96-88c3-066d4f8fc0a6"
      },
      "execution_count": 77,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['__class__',\n",
              " '__contains__',\n",
              " '__delattr__',\n",
              " '__delitem__',\n",
              " '__dir__',\n",
              " '__doc__',\n",
              " '__eq__',\n",
              " '__format__',\n",
              " '__ge__',\n",
              " '__getattribute__',\n",
              " '__getitem__',\n",
              " '__gt__',\n",
              " '__hash__',\n",
              " '__init__',\n",
              " '__init_subclass__',\n",
              " '__iter__',\n",
              " '__le__',\n",
              " '__len__',\n",
              " '__lt__',\n",
              " '__ne__',\n",
              " '__new__',\n",
              " '__reduce__',\n",
              " '__reduce_ex__',\n",
              " '__repr__',\n",
              " '__reversed__',\n",
              " '__setattr__',\n",
              " '__setitem__',\n",
              " '__sizeof__',\n",
              " '__str__',\n",
              " '__subclasshook__',\n",
              " 'clear',\n",
              " 'copy',\n",
              " 'fromkeys',\n",
              " 'get',\n",
              " 'items',\n",
              " 'keys',\n",
              " 'pop',\n",
              " 'popitem',\n",
              " 'setdefault',\n",
              " 'update',\n",
              " 'values']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 77
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = contacts"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2c8_HfyBBhzH"
      },
      "execution_count": 79,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x['Ashu']\n",
        "\n",
        "# Accessing a key's value"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "dY0ORW2aBnF7",
        "outputId": "5c73f7f6-368c-4eed-f32f-2131494e24a0"
      },
      "execution_count": 81,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "4234234234"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 81
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x\n",
        "print(x)\n",
        "print(id(x))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "eyF9Z4xtBrC8",
        "outputId": "c4ca9d0e-fb34-4c76-ea0e-2525bddb4391"
      },
      "execution_count": 94,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "{'Vimal': 1234567890, 'Harsh': 2345696532, 'Ashu': 4234234234}\n",
            "139710459804352\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x[\"Akshay\"] = 2234234234"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qB4h5E4bBxuv"
      },
      "execution_count": 97,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x\n",
        "print(x)\n",
        "print(id(x))\n",
        "\n",
        "# Checking the mutability of dictionary"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "eFR_8ylSB5rJ",
        "outputId": "1d70c2a3-7f22-4e8d-cbd5-6ebe7d11bb6f"
      },
      "execution_count": 99,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "{'Vimal': 1234567890, 'Harsh': 2345696532, 'Ashu': 4234234234, 'Akshay': 2234234234}\n",
            "139710459804352\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "g8lEs0MHB55n",
        "outputId": "90147b93-2669-4e18-9781-7b1c603ff86b"
      },
      "execution_count": 100,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'Vimal': 1234567890,\n",
              " 'Harsh': 2345696532,\n",
              " 'Ashu': 4234234234,\n",
              " 'Akshay': 2234234234}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 100
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x[\"Vimal\"]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "VJLIL096Cwdf",
        "outputId": "6c82ee76-3f35-4670-b909-4d6c444f3d91"
      },
      "execution_count": 102,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "1234567890"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 102
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x['Vimal'], x.get('Vimal')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "F4QDoWZdCyk-",
        "outputId": "ddd72f7b-278b-45a6-e09c-9e6607f27987"
      },
      "execution_count": 104,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "(1234567890, 1234567890)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 104
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(x[\"ABC\"])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 166
        },
        "id": "vbNd9lhgC9Qk",
        "outputId": "dd6cb1f7-fbec-4b82-f39b-1d98cef55355"
      },
      "execution_count": 108,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "error",
          "ename": "KeyError",
          "evalue": "ignored",
          "traceback": [
            "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;31mKeyError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
            "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-108-c11e8e64c784>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"ABC\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'ABC'"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(x.get('ABC'))\n",
        "\n",
        "# Using get() won't give us error"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "BvN8ZYIQDHYO",
        "outputId": "bf1e05e3-e138-498f-a17e-a2e8b3f21455"
      },
      "execution_count": 111,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "None\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "ehO-hbKNDQ1y",
        "outputId": "6a0b2b6c-304f-4860-8383-fe8b1524b213"
      },
      "execution_count": 113,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'Vimal': 1234567890,\n",
              " 'Harsh': 2345696532,\n",
              " 'Ashu': 4234234234,\n",
              " 'Akshay': 2234234234}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 113
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x.clear()\n",
        "\n",
        "# Clear out a dictionary"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zlWTZJgyDe_s"
      },
      "execution_count": 117,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "TeXtTCoZDhva",
        "outputId": "07ed6edf-271a-473c-c6e3-01fe11c35a40"
      },
      "execution_count": 116,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 116
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "contacts = {'Vimal': 1234567890,\n",
        " 'Harsh': 2345696532,\n",
        " 'Ashu': 4234234234,\n",
        " 'Akshay': 2234234234}"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "hyFhZHTIDjso"
      },
      "execution_count": 119,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(contacts.keys())"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "eeZskI4cDq7o",
        "outputId": "9173c3e1-1c1c-4606-ce0b-dfed834742d0"
      },
      "execution_count": 122,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "dict_keys(['Vimal', 'Harsh', 'Ashu', 'Akshay'])\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "print(contacts.values())"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Qi7JMlG-DwSV",
        "outputId": "f3d756e1-c69e-4e52-e0d1-113c5687909f"
      },
      "execution_count": 123,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "dict_values([1234567890, 2345696532, 4234234234, 2234234234])\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "contacts.items()\n",
        "\n",
        "# dictionary to tuples of key & their values"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "13NPCQ7eDypF",
        "outputId": "e12657c1-1a67-43ed-fcb4-e585c6d07f21"
      },
      "execution_count": 125,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "dict_items([('Vimal', 1234567890), ('Harsh', 2345696532), ('Ashu', 4234234234), ('Akshay', 2234234234)])"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 125
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "contacts.update({'Abhay' : 21456332})"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wGrpDGsdEAPq"
      },
      "execution_count": 127,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "contacts"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "0rlWnJTyESj7",
        "outputId": "f68369f0-c66c-417c-f356-665fda8fde8c"
      },
      "execution_count": 128,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'Vimal': 1234567890,\n",
              " 'Harsh': 2345696532,\n",
              " 'Ashu': 4234234234,\n",
              " 'Akshay': 2234234234,\n",
              " 'Abhay': 21456332}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 128
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "dir(contacts)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "sVaDGMpwEXKh",
        "outputId": "8b325835-c552-432c-c442-4c4a38dcd776"
      },
      "execution_count": 129,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['__class__',\n",
              " '__contains__',\n",
              " '__delattr__',\n",
              " '__delitem__',\n",
              " '__dir__',\n",
              " '__doc__',\n",
              " '__eq__',\n",
              " '__format__',\n",
              " '__ge__',\n",
              " '__getattribute__',\n",
              " '__getitem__',\n",
              " '__gt__',\n",
              " '__hash__',\n",
              " '__init__',\n",
              " '__init_subclass__',\n",
              " '__iter__',\n",
              " '__le__',\n",
              " '__len__',\n",
              " '__lt__',\n",
              " '__ne__',\n",
              " '__new__',\n",
              " '__reduce__',\n",
              " '__reduce_ex__',\n",
              " '__repr__',\n",
              " '__reversed__',\n",
              " '__setattr__',\n",
              " '__setitem__',\n",
              " '__sizeof__',\n",
              " '__str__',\n",
              " '__subclasshook__',\n",
              " 'clear',\n",
              " 'copy',\n",
              " 'fromkeys',\n",
              " 'get',\n",
              " 'items',\n",
              " 'keys',\n",
              " 'pop',\n",
              " 'popitem',\n",
              " 'setdefault',\n",
              " 'update',\n",
              " 'values']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 129
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Deleting in dictionaries"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "X5lB08uCFA8H"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "del contacts['Abhay']"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Mebs50XGEevo"
      },
      "execution_count": 131,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "contacts"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "dOk1TLgIEoqH",
        "outputId": "36b65f8e-29ef-45f0-8cd4-f59104ded611"
      },
      "execution_count": 132,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'Vimal': 1234567890,\n",
              " 'Harsh': 2345696532,\n",
              " 'Ashu': 4234234234,\n",
              " 'Akshay': 2234234234}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 132
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "contacts.pop('Vimal')"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "VGKVtZVnEyMJ",
        "outputId": "cb3e4154-5f59-4044-ebf4-9c1e1e70b578"
      },
      "execution_count": 135,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "1234567890"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 135
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "contacts"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "un-HP54LE1L2",
        "outputId": "d0170afa-bf88-45ba-8ffc-51a7ce802d51"
      },
      "execution_count": 136,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'Harsh': 2345696532, 'Ashu': 4234234234, 'Akshay': 2234234234}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 136
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Comprehension | Dictionaries vs List"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wjHhLDsRFHZe"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "z = {x : x+1 for x in range (50)}\n",
        "print(z)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "RSV1XGHpE-I3",
        "outputId": "b2f9dd1b-6219-4698-a23b-ffc47d0dc74b"
      },
      "execution_count": 148,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "{0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 4, 4: 5, 5: 6, 6: 7, 7: 8, 8: 9, 9: 10, 10: 11, 11: 12, 12: 13, 13: 14, 14: 15, 15: 16, 16: 17, 17: 18, 18: 19, 19: 20, 20: 21, 21: 22, 22: 23, 23: 24, 24: 25, 25: 26, 26: 27, 27: 28, 28: 29, 29: 30, 30: 31, 31: 32, 32: 33, 33: 34, 34: 35, 35: 36, 36: 37, 37: 38, 38: 39, 39: 40, 40: 41, 41: 42, 42: 43, 43: 44, 44: 45, 45: 46, 46: 47, 47: 48, 48: 49, 49: 50}\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "i = [x/4 for x in range(5)]\n",
        "i"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "mdcxk5-sFTWJ",
        "outputId": "569b06e3-1b5f-452d-9ef4-6b169654363b"
      },
      "execution_count": 149,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 149
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Section 4. Sets\n",
        "\n",
        "1. A set is a ds that represents a collection of unique elements, with no duplicates.\n",
        "2. Sets don't preserve the order of elements, an the elements in a set must be hashable\n",
        "3. Hashable is a feature of Python objects that tells if the object has a hash value or not. If the object has a hash value then it can be used as a key for a dictionary or as an element in a set. An object is hashable if it has a hash value that does not change during its entire lifetime."
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wfwi7B31GRkR"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "hash(1)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "-qCh_vrIFsAI",
        "outputId": "b3df7e62-602f-4943-d3a9-19239dd58a8d"
      },
      "execution_count": 150,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "1"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 150
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "hash(23.4)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "oORqZQApalfZ",
        "outputId": "f61bdb55-705f-4965-b00c-9413b47362a3"
      },
      "execution_count": 151,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "922337203685474327"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 151
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "hash([1, 23])"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 166
        },
        "id": "jz1FCSKhao_j",
        "outputId": "4e207c50-4cd8-48bd-c0fd-b1402d2b91e7"
      },
      "execution_count": 152,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "error",
          "ename": "TypeError",
          "evalue": "ignored",
          "traceback": [
            "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
            "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-152-88f955953977>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mhash\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m23\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unhashable type: 'list'"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "hash(contacts)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 166
        },
        "id": "rrrk9pfwaqxt",
        "outputId": "ab6ad1ab-94e6-4986-bd3c-6a6ffe3f23bf"
      },
      "execution_count": 153,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "error",
          "ename": "TypeError",
          "evalue": "ignored",
          "traceback": [
            "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
            "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-153-779d033e1178>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mhash\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcontacts\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
            "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: unhashable type: 'dict'"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = {2,3,4,5,63}\n",
        "print(type(x))"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "PUejbTUpatlM",
        "outputId": "6a52620a-a815-45e4-c3ae-85c8e809e91e"
      },
      "execution_count": 173,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<class 'set'>\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "dir(x)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "09GdgZ30a0Cf",
        "outputId": "db812a11-3e6b-4a9f-a9ff-0fee90cfb06d"
      },
      "execution_count": 174,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['__and__',\n",
              " '__class__',\n",
              " '__contains__',\n",
              " '__delattr__',\n",
              " '__dir__',\n",
              " '__doc__',\n",
              " '__eq__',\n",
              " '__format__',\n",
              " '__ge__',\n",
              " '__getattribute__',\n",
              " '__gt__',\n",
              " '__hash__',\n",
              " '__iand__',\n",
              " '__init__',\n",
              " '__init_subclass__',\n",
              " '__ior__',\n",
              " '__isub__',\n",
              " '__iter__',\n",
              " '__ixor__',\n",
              " '__le__',\n",
              " '__len__',\n",
              " '__lt__',\n",
              " '__ne__',\n",
              " '__new__',\n",
              " '__or__',\n",
              " '__rand__',\n",
              " '__reduce__',\n",
              " '__reduce_ex__',\n",
              " '__repr__',\n",
              " '__ror__',\n",
              " '__rsub__',\n",
              " '__rxor__',\n",
              " '__setattr__',\n",
              " '__sizeof__',\n",
              " '__str__',\n",
              " '__sub__',\n",
              " '__subclasshook__',\n",
              " '__xor__',\n",
              " 'add',\n",
              " 'clear',\n",
              " 'copy',\n",
              " 'difference',\n",
              " 'difference_update',\n",
              " 'discard',\n",
              " 'intersection',\n",
              " 'intersection_update',\n",
              " 'isdisjoint',\n",
              " 'issubset',\n",
              " 'issuperset',\n",
              " 'pop',\n",
              " 'remove',\n",
              " 'symmetric_difference',\n",
              " 'symmetric_difference_update',\n",
              " 'union',\n",
              " 'update']"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 174
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x.add(1)\n",
        "print(x)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "iXVDDJoVa9lE",
        "outputId": "17714f31-811a-45c8-c7d2-3f5a13a03041"
      },
      "execution_count": 175,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 63}\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y = x.copy()\n",
        "print(y)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "9L6jsNKja_kO",
        "outputId": "54201432-b3c0-4c91-a19f-fe5fef733f97"
      },
      "execution_count": 176,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 63}\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y.clear()\n",
        "print(y)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "F_GG8OmpbMnV",
        "outputId": "bc014cd8-6498-4557-b1a8-ac8594bc128c"
      },
      "execution_count": 177,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "set()\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "w13qZEnZbP9g",
        "outputId": "8c58f19b-63e7-49a9-c3cf-833710f53990"
      },
      "execution_count": 178,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 63}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 178
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x.pop()\n",
        "\n",
        "# returns and removes the 1st element from the set"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "XcqdDV_pbS0V",
        "outputId": "22a1bbf1-30c0-4d75-89d2-ceeff085820c"
      },
      "execution_count": 179,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "1"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 179
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "NzGocz4kbUjR",
        "outputId": "310b06ea-24c9-4727-d909-5f7be47e4a2a"
      },
      "execution_count": 180,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{2, 3, 4, 5, 63}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 180
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x.remove(5)\n",
        "\n",
        "# remove a specific value"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "iErg0_TUbWKd"
      },
      "execution_count": 181,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "VpIqlXZ9beBs",
        "outputId": "fd1d0e49-cc2e-4b07-ce0d-f676b2bdf8a3"
      },
      "execution_count": 182,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{2, 3, 4, 63}"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 182
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "Set comprehension"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jFIKdUtUbxkU"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = {i for i in range(10)}\n",
        "print(x)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "xhKjQflObpkv",
        "outputId": "ca8ae503-309e-4775-eefe-0ced7890dec8"
      },
      "execution_count": 184,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "source": [
        "### Nesting"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FIzhZpr6b6Dl"
      }
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x = [1,2, [3,2,4,5,[3,2,5]]]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rq_eSO87b1tt"
      },
      "execution_count": 200,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x[2]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "gPkuL7GccFt2",
        "outputId": "be5ff011-3ca0-4282-ed71-5845e1a8b6eb"
      },
      "execution_count": 201,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[3, 2, 4, 5, [3, 2, 5]]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 201
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x[2][3]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "ayLQnP0EcXrO",
        "outputId": "9af131f5-831e-4d28-d2e7-be621287c4e0"
      },
      "execution_count": 202,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "5"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 202
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x[2][4][1]"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "r2PaO21ccOfm",
        "outputId": "9658716d-72a2-45e6-8478-2e9f0d99473a"
      },
      "execution_count": 203,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "2"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 203
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "x[2][4].append(1)\n",
        "print(x)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "td5Bxeq4cRyj",
        "outputId": "b6c4ad45-e180-4408-8143-14f81b338d53"
      },
      "execution_count": 205,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "[1, 2, [3, 2, 4, 5, [3, 2, 5, 1, 1]]]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y = (1,2,3,[3,5,6])\n",
        "type(y)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "MCgGCPD8crMd",
        "outputId": "3bd7c3b4-7f27-4a76-e1de-a2db3d0f8a71"
      },
      "execution_count": 214,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "tuple"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 214
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "type(y[3])\n",
        "\n",
        "# List inside a tuple is mutable"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "pIfNVt4OdC2V",
        "outputId": "2a91a249-132d-4300-f35c-d92ec8ab9916"
      },
      "execution_count": 209,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "list"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 209
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "y[3].append(8)\n",
        "print(y)\n",
        "\n",
        "# List inside a tuple is mutable"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "VsLnNZdZdIHy",
        "outputId": "e0b3b60e-84c0-4aed-94ee-9122370de151"
      },
      "execution_count": 215,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "(1, 2, 3, [3, 5, 6, 8])\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-S80wwD_dQDw"
      },
      "execution_count": 214,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vMx39dNIdTfI"
      },
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    }
  ]
}