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midi_io.py
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midi_io.py
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# Copyright 2020 The Magenta Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""MIDI ops.
Input and output wrappers for converting between MIDI and other formats.
"""
import collections
import io
import sys
import constants
import music_pb2
import pretty_midi
from containers import (KeySignature, TimeSignature, Lyric, Note,
PitchBend, ControlChange, Text)
# Allow pretty_midi to read MIDI files with absurdly high tick rates.
# Useful for reading the MAPS dataset.
# https://github.com/craffel/pretty-midi/issues/112
pretty_midi.MAX_TICK = 1e10
# The offset used to change the mode of a key from major to minor when
# generating a PrettyMIDI KeySignature.
_PRETTY_MIDI_MAJOR_TO_MINOR_OFFSET = 12
class MIDIConversionError(Exception):
pass
def midi_to_note_sequence(midi_data):
"""Convert MIDI file contents to a NoteSequence.
Converts a MIDI file encoded as a string into a NoteSequence. Decoding errors
are very common when working with large sets of MIDI files, so be sure to
handle MIDIConversionError exceptions.
Args:
midi_data: A string containing the contents of a MIDI file or populated
pretty_midi.PrettyMIDI object.
Returns:
A NoteSequence.
Raises:
MIDIConversionError: An improper MIDI mode was supplied.
"""
# In practice many MIDI files cannot be decoded with pretty_midi. Catch all
# errors here and try to log a meaningful message. So many different
# exceptions are raised in pretty_midi.PrettyMidi that it is cumbersome to
# catch them all only for the purpose of error logging.
# pylint: disable=bare-except
if isinstance(midi_data, pretty_midi.PrettyMIDI):
midi = midi_data
else:
try:
midi = pretty_midi.PrettyMIDI(io.BytesIO(midi_data))
except:
raise MIDIConversionError('Midi decoding error %s: %s' %
(sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1]))
# pylint: enable=bare-except
sequence = music_pb2.NoteSequence()
# Populate header.
sequence.ticks_per_quarter = midi.resolution
sequence.source_info.parser = music_pb2.NoteSequence.SourceInfo.PRETTY_MIDI
sequence.source_info.encoding_type = (
music_pb2.NoteSequence.SourceInfo.MIDI)
# Populate time signatures.
for midi_time in midi.time_signature_changes:
time_signature = sequence.time_signatures.add()
time_signature.time = midi_time.time
time_signature.numerator = midi_time.numerator
try:
# Denominator can be too large for int32.
time_signature.denominator = midi_time.denominator
except ValueError:
raise MIDIConversionError('Invalid time signature denominator %d' %
midi_time.denominator)
# Populate key signatures.
for midi_key in midi.key_signature_changes:
key_signature = sequence.key_signatures.add()
key_signature.time = midi_key.time
key_signature.key = midi_key.key_number % 12
midi_mode = midi_key.key_number // 12
if midi_mode == 0:
key_signature.mode = key_signature.MAJOR
elif midi_mode == 1:
key_signature.mode = key_signature.MINOR
else:
raise MIDIConversionError('Invalid midi_mode %i' % midi_mode)
# Populate tempo changes.
tempo_times, tempo_qpms = midi.get_tempo_changes()
for time_in_seconds, tempo_in_qpm in zip(tempo_times, tempo_qpms):
tempo = sequence.tempos.add()
tempo.time = time_in_seconds
tempo.qpm = tempo_in_qpm
# Populate notes by gathering them all from the midi's instruments.
# Also set the sequence.total_time as the max end time in the notes.
midi_notes = []
midi_pitch_bends = []
midi_control_changes = []
for num_instrument, midi_instrument in enumerate(midi.instruments):
# Populate instrument name from the midi's instruments
if midi_instrument.name:
instrument_info = sequence.instrument_infos.add()
instrument_info.name = midi_instrument.name
instrument_info.instrument = num_instrument
for midi_note in midi_instrument.notes:
if not sequence.total_time or midi_note.end > sequence.total_time:
sequence.total_time = midi_note.end
midi_notes.append((midi_instrument.program, num_instrument,
midi_instrument.is_drum, midi_note))
for midi_pitch_bend in midi_instrument.pitch_bends:
midi_pitch_bends.append(
(midi_instrument.program, num_instrument,
midi_instrument.is_drum, midi_pitch_bend))
for midi_control_change in midi_instrument.control_changes:
midi_control_changes.append(
(midi_instrument.program, num_instrument,
midi_instrument.is_drum, midi_control_change))
for program, instrument, is_drum, midi_note in midi_notes:
note = sequence.notes.add()
note.instrument = instrument
note.program = program
note.start_time = midi_note.start
note.end_time = midi_note.end
note.pitch = midi_note.pitch
note.velocity = midi_note.velocity
note.is_drum = is_drum
for program, instrument, is_drum, midi_pitch_bend in midi_pitch_bends:
pitch_bend = sequence.pitch_bends.add()
pitch_bend.instrument = instrument
pitch_bend.program = program
pitch_bend.time = midi_pitch_bend.time
pitch_bend.bend = midi_pitch_bend.pitch
pitch_bend.is_drum = is_drum
for program, instrument, is_drum, midi_control_change in midi_control_changes:
control_change = sequence.control_changes.add()
control_change.instrument = instrument
control_change.program = program
control_change.time = midi_control_change.time
control_change.control_number = midi_control_change.number
control_change.control_value = midi_control_change.value
control_change.is_drum = is_drum
# TODO(douglaseck): Estimate note type (e.g. quarter note) and populate
# note.numerator and note.denominator.
return sequence
def midi_file_to_note_sequence(midi_file):
"""Converts MIDI file to a NoteSequence.
Args:
midi_file: A string path to a MIDI file.
Returns:
A NoteSequence.
Raises:
MIDIConversionError: Invalid midi_file.
"""
with open(midi_file, 'rb') as f:
midi_as_string = f.read()
return midi_to_note_sequence(midi_as_string)
def note_sequence_to_midi_file(sequence, output_file,
drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note=None):
"""Convert NoteSequence to a MIDI file on disk.
Time is stored in the NoteSequence in absolute values (seconds) as opposed to
relative values (MIDI ticks). When the NoteSequence is translated back to
MIDI the absolute time is retained. The tempo map is also recreated.
Args:
sequence: A NoteSequence.
output_file: String path to MIDI file that will be written.
drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note: Events (e.g., time signature changes)
that occur this many seconds after the last note will be dropped. If
None, then no events will be dropped.
"""
pretty_midi_object = note_sequence_to_pretty_midi(
sequence, drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note)
pretty_midi_object.write(open(output_file, 'wb'))
def note_sequence_to_pretty_midi(
sequence, drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note=None):
"""Convert NoteSequence to a PrettyMIDI.
Time is stored in the NoteSequence in absolute values (seconds) as opposed to
relative values (MIDI ticks). When the NoteSequence is translated back to
PrettyMIDI the absolute time is retained. The tempo map is also recreated.
Args:
sequence: A NoteSequence.
drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note: Events (e.g., time signature changes)
that occur this many seconds after the last note will be dropped. If
None, then no events will be dropped.
Returns:
A pretty_midi.PrettyMIDI object or None if sequence could not be decoded.
"""
ticks_per_quarter = sequence.ticks_per_quarter or constants.STANDARD_PPQ
max_event_time = None
if drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note is not None:
max_event_time = (max([n.end_time for n in sequence.notes] or [0]) +
drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note)
# Try to find a tempo at time zero. The list is not guaranteed to be in order.
initial_seq_tempo = None
for seq_tempo in sequence.tempos:
if seq_tempo.time == 0:
initial_seq_tempo = seq_tempo
break
kwargs = {}
if initial_seq_tempo:
kwargs['initial_tempo'] = initial_seq_tempo.qpm
else:
kwargs['initial_tempo'] = constants.DEFAULT_QUARTERS_PER_MINUTE
pm = pretty_midi.PrettyMIDI(resolution=ticks_per_quarter, **kwargs)
# Create an empty instrument to contain time and key signatures.
instrument = pretty_midi.Instrument(0)
pm.instruments.append(instrument)
# Populate time signatures.
for seq_ts in sequence.time_signatures:
if max_event_time and seq_ts.time > max_event_time:
continue
time_signature = TimeSignature(
seq_ts.numerator, seq_ts.denominator, seq_ts.time)
pm.time_signature_changes.append(time_signature)
# Populate key signatures.
for seq_key in sequence.key_signatures:
if max_event_time and seq_key.time > max_event_time:
continue
key_number = seq_key.key
if seq_key.mode == seq_key.MINOR:
key_number += _PRETTY_MIDI_MAJOR_TO_MINOR_OFFSET
key_signature = KeySignature(
key_number, seq_key.time)
pm.key_signature_changes.append(key_signature)
# Populate tempos.
# TODO(douglaseck): Update this code if pretty_midi adds the ability to
# write tempo.
for seq_tempo in sequence.tempos:
# Skip if this tempo was added in the PrettyMIDI constructor.
if seq_tempo == initial_seq_tempo:
continue
if max_event_time and seq_tempo.time > max_event_time:
continue
tick_scale = 60.0 / (pm.resolution * seq_tempo.qpm)
tick = pm.time_to_tick(seq_tempo.time)
# pylint: disable=protected-access
pm._tick_scales.append((tick, tick_scale))
pm._update_tick_to_time(0)
# pylint: enable=protected-access
# Populate instrument names by first creating an instrument map between
# instrument index and name.
# Then, going over this map in the instrument event for loop
inst_infos = {}
for inst_info in sequence.instrument_infos:
inst_infos[inst_info.instrument] = inst_info.name
# Populate instrument events by first gathering notes and other event types
# in lists then write them sorted to the PrettyMidi object.
instrument_events = collections.defaultdict(
lambda: collections.defaultdict(list))
for seq_note in sequence.notes:
instrument_events[(seq_note.instrument, seq_note.program,
seq_note.is_drum)]['notes'].append(
pretty_midi.Note(
seq_note.velocity, seq_note.pitch,
seq_note.start_time, seq_note.end_time))
for seq_bend in sequence.pitch_bends:
if max_event_time and seq_bend.time > max_event_time:
continue
instrument_events[(seq_bend.instrument, seq_bend.program,
seq_bend.is_drum)]['bends'].append(
pretty_midi.PitchBend(seq_bend.bend, seq_bend.time))
for seq_cc in sequence.control_changes:
if max_event_time and seq_cc.time > max_event_time:
continue
instrument_events[(seq_cc.instrument, seq_cc.program,
seq_cc.is_drum)]['controls'].append(
pretty_midi.ControlChange(
seq_cc.control_number,
seq_cc.control_value, seq_cc.time))
for (instr_id, prog_id, is_drum) in sorted(instrument_events.keys()):
# For instr_id 0 append to the instrument created above.
if instr_id > 0:
instrument = pretty_midi.Instrument(prog_id, is_drum)
pm.instruments.append(instrument)
else:
instrument.is_drum = is_drum
# propagate instrument name to the midi file
instrument.program = prog_id
if instr_id in inst_infos:
instrument.name = inst_infos[instr_id]
instrument.notes = instrument_events[
(instr_id, prog_id, is_drum)]['notes']
instrument.pitch_bends = instrument_events[
(instr_id, prog_id, is_drum)]['bends']
instrument.control_changes = instrument_events[
(instr_id, prog_id, is_drum)]['controls']
return pm
def midi_to_sequence_proto(midi_data):
"""Renamed to midi_to_note_sequence."""
return midi_to_note_sequence(midi_data)
def sequence_proto_to_pretty_midi(sequence,
drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note=None):
"""Renamed to note_sequence_to_pretty_midi."""
return note_sequence_to_pretty_midi(sequence,
drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note)
def midi_file_to_sequence_proto(midi_file):
"""Renamed to midi_file_to_note_sequence."""
return midi_file_to_note_sequence(midi_file)
def sequence_proto_to_midi_file(sequence, output_file,
drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note=None):
"""Renamed to note_sequence_to_midi_file."""
return note_sequence_to_midi_file(sequence, output_file,
drop_events_n_seconds_after_last_note)