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Leviathan high level architecture

Leviathan consists of 3 containers, Client, Core, and Worker

stateDiagram-v2
    Client --> Core
    Core --> Client
    Core --> Worker
    Worker --> Core
    Worker --> DUT
    DUT --> Worker
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Client

The Client performs the following functions:

  • acts as the front end - users use the client to trigger test jobs
  • finds a worker with the matching DUT type in a balena fleet of workers
  • sends tests and test artifacts to the Core via a websocket connection
  • collects and reports logs from the Core
  • it is configured using a config.js, instructions here

Core

The Core container is the container that runs the tests that are sent to it by the Client container.

  • awaits tests and artifacts from client
  • contains helper functions to be used in the tests. Notably this includes bindings to interact with the Worker and SSH helpers to interact with the DUT
  • tests must be in a specific format to be executed by the core. See the e2e suite and the guide to writing tests
  • checks that a test should be executed before running it, by checking its contract against the device type contract

Worker

The Worker is the container that provides a common interface to the DUT's "physical" interfaces.

  • It has a HTTP webserver interface
  • Contains endpoints to power on/off the DUT, flash the DUT, set up the networking environment, capture video output
  • Can be used to interface to a physical DUT via a testbot or autokit, or a virtualised DUT via qemu, using the same interface
  • The worker can be found in its own github repo

Testbot/Autokit workers / Physical DUT

When being used to interface with a physical DUT, the worker container will be on a testbot or autokit balena device, in a balena fleet.

Communication

  • The Core and Client containers always are on a local or cloud host (i.e laptop, jenkins servers), while the Worker container is on a balena device
  • The core container accesses the worker container http api via the balena devices public url, as it and the Worker are on different hosts
  • The worker creates a network AP for the DUT to connect to, and provides its internet access. However this results in the DUT and the Core, which is running the tests, being on different networks
  • The core container, running the tests, can access the DUT via SSH.
    • Due to the Core and DUT being on different networks, this requires the Core to use the Worker as a jumping point
    • To set up a tunnel to the DUT, via the Worker, the Core will SSH into the Worker via the balena cloud proxy
    • It will then SSH from the worker into the DUT, and set up port forwarding to forward port 22222 of the DUT (the ssh port on a balena device), to an unused port on the worker
    • The Core will then set up port forwarding of the Worker port that port 22222 of the DUT was mapped to, to port 22222 of the Core (itself)
    • This allows the Core to SSH into the DUT via this tunnel, at localhost:22222
    • As we are using balena cloud proxy and therefor can't forward the ssh agent of the Core, SSH keys required to access the DUT must also be sent from the Core to the Worker.
    • In summary - a tunnel is set up between Core and the DUT via the Worker

Qemu workers / virtual DUT

When being used with a virtual DUT, the Worker container will be created on the same host as the Client and Core, and all be connected to the same docker bridge network.

The Worker container contains all QEMU dependencies, and will create a QEMU based DUT on demand.

Communication

  • The worker container creates a bridge interface within it for the QEMU device to use
  • iptables rules a DHCP server are set up
  • an ip route is created in Core to access the DUT ip address, via the Worker ip address (on the docker bridge network that Core and Worker share). The default docker bridge address range is used for this bridge currently.
  • The Core can thus directly SSH into the DUT, using the DUT ip address. No tunnelling is required, no SSH keys must be sent to the worker