Skip to content

Commit

Permalink
rework intro for clarity #15
Browse files Browse the repository at this point in the history
  • Loading branch information
@nelsonic
nelsonic committed Jun 11, 2020
1 parent efc2315 commit 5199c36
Showing 1 changed file with 62 additions and 25 deletions.
87 changes: 62 additions & 25 deletions README.md
View file
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,27 +1,64 @@
# learn-dart
Learn the Dart programming language to build cross-platform (Mobile, Web & Desktop) Apps with Flutter!
# Learn `Dart`

Learn the `Dart` programming language [dart.dev](https://dart.dev)
to build cross-platform (Mobile, Web and Desktop) Apps with Flutter!


## Why?

`Dart` lets you build Apps for _any_ platform
with a native interface and performance.



<br />

## What ?

Dart is an open-source general-purpose programming language. It is originally developed by Google and later approved as a standard by ECMA.</br>
Dart is a new programming language meant for the server as well as the browser. Introduced by Google, the Dart SDK ships with its compiler – the Dart VM.</br>
The SDK also includes a utility -dart2js, a transpiler that generates JavaScript equivalent of a Dart Script.</br>
Is an object-oriented language with C-style syntax which can optionally trans compile into JavaScript. It supports a varied range of programming aids like interfaces, classes, collections, generics, and optional typing.
`Dart` is an open-source general-purpose programming language.
`Dart` can be compiled to run as high performance JavaScript in web browsers,
or as a native app on mobile (iOS + Android)
and desktop.
Is an object-oriented language with C-style syntax
familiar to all developers who have used
an Object Oriented Progrramming (OOP) language.
It supports a varied range of programming aids like interfaces,
classes, collections, generics, and optional typing.

`Dart` was created by Lars Bak and Kasper Lund
while working for Google.
`Dart` is approved as a standard by
the European Computer Manufacturers Association
[ECMA 408](https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-408.htm).</br>
The language syntax and semantics are stable don't change.

Read more:

+ Official guides:
https://dart.dev/guides
+ Dart Pad (_lets you try/share any `Dart` code examples online_):
https://dartpad.dartlang.org
+ Wikipedia article has the history:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)




<br />

## Who ?

This tutorial will be quite helpful for all those developers who want to develop single-page web applications using Dart. It is meant for programmers with a strong hold on object-oriented concepts.

## Why use Dart ?
## Why use `Dart` ?

### Pros And Cons:

Pros Include:
- Familiar language
- Built-in package manager
- Compiles to JavaScript
- Dart runs on the server, with bundles for http server, web sockets, files, directories, and more
- `Dart` runs on the server, with bundles for http server, web sockets, files, directories, and more
- Full reflection API (mirrors)


Expand All @@ -30,21 +67,21 @@ Cons Include:
- Not as many packages as Node.js


## Dart Installation:
## `Dart` Installation:

Install using Chocolatey.(https://chocolatey.org/).

First install Chocolatey, then go to your command line or to the powershell and run this command:

![Screen Shot 2020-01-09 at 14 55 49](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/27420533/72078304-c06b0380-32f0-11ea-894b-9e5f1e58b882.png)

To upgrade the Dart SDK, run this command:
To upgrade the `Dart` SDK, run this command:

![Screen Shot 2020-01-09 at 14 56 38](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/27420533/72078414-f1e3cf00-32f0-11ea-82b1-14f3d4979dc1.png)


Install using a setup wizard.
Alternatively, use the community-supported Dart SDK installer for Windows.(https://gekorm.com/dart-windows/).
Alternatively, use the community-supported `Dart` SDK installer for Windows.(https://gekorm.com/dart-windows/).


![Screen Shot 2020-01-09 at 15 04 24](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/27420533/72078636-60289180-32f1-11ea-91ed-46531d9c63c2.png)
Expand All @@ -55,14 +92,14 @@ On completion of the SDK installation, set the PATH environment variable to −
![Screen Shot 2020-01-09 at 15 08 03](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/27420533/72078959-fbba0200-32f1-11ea-90c1-fb7a1912ccb4.png)

Verifying the Installation</br>
To verify if Dart has been successfully installed, open the command prompt and enter the following command −
To verify if `Dart` has been successfully installed, open the command prompt and enter the following command −

![Screen Shot 2020-01-09 at 15 08 29](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/27420533/72079018-14c2b300-32f2-11ea-98e3-87ba97f41faa.png)

## Dart Syntax:
## `Dart` Syntax:

Syntax defines a set of rules for writing programs. Every language specification defines its own syntax.
A Dart program is composed of −
A `Dart` program is composed of −

- Variables and Operators
- Classes
Expand All @@ -88,7 +125,7 @@ In this example the variable `a` is first declared,
then initialised on the next line.
On the last line the new `'hello'` value is assigned to `a`.

However because Dart is a [statically typed language](https://dart.dev/faq#q-is-dart-a-statically-typed-language),
However because `Dart` is a [statically typed language](https://dart.dev/faq#q-is-dart-a-statically-typed-language),
the following code won't compile as `a` is declared and initialised at the same time,
i.e. `a` is created and linked to values with a specific type (_`int`_)

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -117,7 +154,7 @@ It is also possible to declare and assign a value to a variable at the same time
int a = 42;
```

However Dart will produce an error if multiple assignements are done
However `Dart` will produce an error if multiple assignements are done
with different type of values:

**error**
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -196,7 +233,7 @@ a = 42;

## Asynchronous events

Dart provides the `Future` class to represent asynchronous events.
`Dart` provides the `Future` class to represent asynchronous events.
For example the following `hello` function will return a `String` in a near future:

```dart
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -275,7 +312,7 @@ Future<String> hello() { // The type parameter of Future is a String, represente

## Object-Oriented Programming in Dart

Dart is an Object-Oriented language. Object Orientation is a software development paradigm that follows real-world modelling. Object Orientation considers a program as a collection of objects that communicate with each other via mechanism called methods.
`Dart` is an Object-Oriented language. Object Orientation is a software development paradigm that follows real-world modelling. Object Orientation considers a program as a collection of objects that communicate with each other via mechanism called methods.

- Object
- State
Expand All @@ -287,7 +324,7 @@ Dart is an Object-Oriented language. Object Orientation is a software developmen

## Effective Code in Flutter

This section is a summary of the Effective Dart in Flutter article by Google Developer Expert Katarina Sheremet:
This section is a summary of the Effective `Dart` in Flutter article by Google Developer Expert Katarina Sheremet:
https://medium.com/flutter-community/effective-code-in-your-flutter-app-from-the-beginning-e597444e1273

The `Dart` language is familiar to most developers used to object oriented programming.
Expand All @@ -300,13 +337,13 @@ There are some tools that can make the process easier:
[`Dartanalyzer`](https://dart.dev/tools/dartanalyzer) is static analysis tool for `Dart`. It analyses your code for common mistakes and makes suggestions for how to simplify things. It corrects code before we run the application.</br>

This is an example of performing static analysis
over all the Dart files under the lib and test directories:
over all the `Dart` files under the lib and test directories:
`dartanalyzer lib test`

## Pedantic Package

The [pedantic](https://pub.dev/packages/pedantic) package shows how static analysis is used internally at Google.
It contains pieces of Dart code that are used in best practices.</br>
It contains pieces of `Dart` code that are used in best practices.</br>

To use this package just add a dependency in our pubspec.yaml:

Expand All @@ -320,7 +357,7 @@ Then to update the dependencies just use the command:



## Dart Testing
## `Dart` Testing

The purpose of automated software testing is quality assurance and system reliability.</br>
It gives _assurance_ that the features built in the application conform to the original specification and acceptance criteria.
Expand All @@ -329,7 +366,7 @@ Several tests can be created to test functionality, usability, performance or se
## Types of Tests

There are several types of software tests.
In Dart the most commonly used tests are unit, component and end-to-end; usually in that order.
In `Dart` the most commonly used tests are unit, component and end-to-end; usually in that order.

### Unit Tests

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -366,12 +403,12 @@ It helps us to have a perception of how we have to put the code, it serves to te
[Mockito](https://pub.dev/packages/mockito) is a mocking library that helps us to mock functionality where we don't want to perform a specific action. We try to _avoid_ using mocks as much as possible because they can inadvertently make our tests more complex with limited benefit.


## Dart VS Javascript:
## `Dart` VS Javascript:

Dart:

- Backed by Google
- In some instances, Dart is up to [twice the speed](https://benchmarksgame-team.pages.debian.net/benchmarksgame/fastest/dart.html) of JavaScript
- In some instances, `Dart` is up to [twice the speed](https://benchmarksgame-team.pages.debian.net/benchmarksgame/fastest/dart.html) of JavaScript
- Quite scalable across projects
- Like Java
- Used extensively for the Flutter mobile UI framework
Expand Down

0 comments on commit 5199c36

Please sign in to comment.