- [1982] blind signatures for untraceable payments, by d. chaum
- [1982] computer systems by mutually suspicious-groups, by david chaum
- [1988] the dining cryptographers problem, by d. chaum
- [1988] untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms, by d. chaum
- [1989] online cash checks, by d. chaum
- [1990] implementing fault-tolerant services using the state machine approach, by f.b. schneider
- [1991] how to timestamp a digital document, by s. harber et al
- [1994] for-pay remailers, by hal finney
- [1994] politics vs. technology, by hal finney
- [1995] smart contracts glossary, by nick szabo
- [1997] the idea of smart contracts, by nick szabo
- [1998] digital bearer settlement, by r. hettinga
- [2000] improving time stamping schemes, by a. bonneczae et al
- [2002] shelling out: the origins of money, by nick szabo
- [2004] scarce objects, by nick szabo
- [2017] money blockchains and social scalability
- human action, by ludwig von mises
- on the origins of money, by carl menger
- the ethics of money production, by jg hulsmann
- what has government done to our money, by mn rothbard