t5_summaries.csv

,Abstractive,Lex-t5,Original
0,"And when I started my blog, it was really this one goal -- I said, ""I am not going to be famous to the world, but I could be famous to people on the Internet."" Because the joke in this is that this person is not a tyrant, this person is so loving and so sweet that he lets me dress him up and post pictures of him to my blog. And we started with a slide of my Teds, and I had to add this slide, because I knew the minute I showed this, my mom -- my mom will see this, because she does read my blog and she'll say, ""Why wasn't there a picture of me?"" So, I have all the people that I know of. And to think of what we have the ability to do with our blogs; to think about the people that are on those $100 computers, talking about who they are, sharing these personal stories -- this is an amazing thing. So I do something that's very narcissistic -- I am a blogger -- that is an amazing thing for me, because it captures a moment in time every day. And the last story I really want to tell is this story, because this is probably the one that means the most to me in all of what I'm doing. But the big thing that really influenced us was, her sister wrote to me, and she said -- and she wrote on this blog -- that writing her blog during the last couple of months of her life was probably the best thing that had happened to her, and being able to talk to people and to share what was going on, and being able to write and receive comments. And that was amazing, to be able to know that we had empowered that, and that blogging was something that she felt comfortable doing, and the idea that blogging doesn't have to be scary, that we don't always have to be attack of the blogs, that we can be people who are open, and wanting to help and talk to people. So, this is her legacy, and I think that my call to action to all of you is: think about blogs, think about what they are, think about what you've thought of them, and then actually do it, because it's something that's really going to change our lives.","bob greene: when i started my blog, i said, ""i am not going to be famous to the world, but I could be famous to people on the Internet"" he says my blog captures a moment in time every day. greene: blogging is something that's really going to change our lives.","The founding mother of the blog revolution, Movable Type's Mena Trott, talks about the early days of blogging, when she realized that giving regular people the power to share our lives online is the key to building a friendlier, more connected world."
1,"And I told it pretty much the same way I've just shared it with you: Tipper and I were driving ourselves, Shoney's, low-cost family restaurant chain, what the man said -- they laughed. And I thought to myself, in the middle of the night, in the middle of the Atlantic, what in the world could be wrong in Washington? (Laughter) But what it turned out to be, was that my staff was extremely upset because one of the wire services in Nigeria had already written a story about my speech, and it had already been printed in cities all across the United States of America. (Applause) Al Gore: I want to focus on what many of you have said you would like me to elaborate on: What can you do about the climate crisis? Cars and trucks -- I talked about that in the slideshow, but I want you to put it in perspective. OK. Now, what can you do? Those of you who are good at branding, I'd love to get your advice and help on how to say this in a way that connects with the most people. A lot more to be said about that. And so I'm going to be conducting a course this summer for a group of people that are nominated by different folks to come and then give it en masse, in communities all across the country, and we're going to update the slideshow for all of them every single week, to keep it right on the cutting edge. This used to be a bipartisan issue, and I know that in this group it really is.","john avlon: i'm going to give a course this summer on branding. avlon: i'd love to get your advice and help on how to say this in a way that connects with the most people. he says it used to be a bipartisan issue, and in this group it really is. avlon: i'm going to give it en masse, in communities all across the country.","With the same humor and humanity he exuded in ""An Inconvenient Truth,"" Al Gore spells out 15 ways that individuals can address climate change immediately, from buying a hybrid to inventing a new, hotter brand name for global warming."
2,"(Laughter) Well, if you like that one -- how much time have we got? And it came out, and it was called Microsoft Write. Ok. (Laughter) So there is a limit that we don't want to cross. What do you do here?"" I'm like, ""You're a what?"" So, I'm going to show you an example of a company that does not have a tap counter. (Laughter) This is Microsoft Word. You do not. They just said, ""We'll make this software work right."" And so that's what they did.","Microsoft Write came out, and it was called Microsoft Write. they just said, ""We'll make this software work right.""","New York Times columnist David Pogue takes aim at technology’s worst interface-design offenders, and provides encouraging examples of products that get it right. To funny things up, he bursts into song."
3,"And the idea there is that outside the spaceship, the universe is implacably hostile, and inside is all we have, all we depend on, and we only get the one chance: if we mess up our spaceship, we've got nowhere else to go. Well, is this a typical place? All you've got to do is go a few hundred miles in that same direction and look back, and you won't see any walls or chemical scum at all -- all you see is a blue planet. And if you go further than that, you'll see the Sun, the solar system and the stars and so on, but that's still not typical of the universe, because stars come in galaxies. It's so dark, that if you were to be looking at the nearest star to you, and that star were to explode as a supernova, and you were to be staring directly at it at the moment when its light reached you, you still wouldn't be able to see even a glimmer. (Laughter) And yet, from intergalactic space, it's so far away you wouldn't even see it. Now, how do we know about an environment that's so far away and so different and so alien from anything we're used to? Now, that is knowledge. Well, again, it's dark out there to human senses, but all you've got to do is take a telescope, even one of present-day design, look out, and you'll see the same galaxies as we do from here. And if we want to be the exception to that, then logically, our only hope is to make use of the one feature that distinguishes our species and civilization from all the others, namely, our special relationship with the laws of physics, our ability to create new explanations, new knowledge -- to be a hub of existence.","if we mess up our spaceship, we've got nowhere else to go. if we mess up our spaceship, we've got nowhere else to go. if we mess up our spaceship, we've got nowhere else to go. if we mess up our spaceship, we've got nowhere else to go.","Legendary scientist David Deutsch puts theoretical physics on the back burner to discuss a more urgent matter: the survival of our species. The first step toward solving global warming, he says, is to admit that we have a problem."
4,"I can't help but this wish: to think about when you're a little kid, and all your friends ask you, ""If a genie could give you one wish in the world, what would it be?"" But in 2003, when the war in Iraq was about to start, it was a very surreal feeling for me, because before the war started, there was kind of this media war that was going on. I didn't even have a camera at the time -- I had somebody bring it there, because I wanted to get access to Al Jazeera, George Bush's favorite channel, and a place which I was very curious about because it's disliked by many governments across the Arab world, and also called the mouthpiece of Osama Bin Laden by some people in the US government. So, the impact that had on me -- me realizing that I just saw people on the other side, and those people in the Al Jazeera office must have felt the way I was feeling that night, and it upset me on a profound level that I wasn't as bothered as much the night before. You know, we're criticized abroad for believing we're the saviors of the world in some way, but the flip side of it is that, actually, when people do see what is happening abroad and people's reactions to some of our policy abroad, we feel this power, that we need to -- we feel like we have to get the power to change things. But I know the power of it, I know that it starts people thinking about how to change the world. And that's what this is about. There's Working Films and there's Current TV, which is an incredible platform for people around the world to be able to put their -- (Applause) Yeah, it's amazing. I know that it's very intangible, touching people's hearts and souls, but the only way that I know how to do it, the only way that I know how to reach out to somebody's heart and soul all across the world, is by showing them a film. But it would be the day that the world comes together through film, the power of film.","john avlon: if a genie could give you one wish in the world, what would it be? avlon: it would be the day that the world comes together through film, the power of film. he says working films and current television are an incredible platform for people. avlon: it would be the day that the world comes together through film.",Jehane Noujaim unveils her 2006 TED Prize wish: to bring the world together for one day a year through the power of film.
5,"And so I want to tell you about that first, and then go on into where I think love is going. You can list what you don't like about them, but then you sweep that aside and focus on what you do. It would be nice to go to bed with them, but you want them to call you on the telephone, to invite you out, etc., to tell you that they love you. And in fact, I think it's more powerful than the sex drive. I'll say just a couple of things, and then go on to sex and love. I don't know why they want to think that men and women are alike. And I say, ""Who do you think these men are sleeping with?"" People around the world, in a study of 37 societies, want to be in love with the person that they marry. Dopamine's associated with romantic love, and you can just fall in love with somebody who you're just having casual sex with. And he knew from our work that if you go and do something very novel with somebody, you can drive up the dopamine in the brain, and perhaps trigger this brain system for romantic love.","people around the world want to be in love with the person that they marry. people around the world want to be in love with the person that they marry. dopamine's associated with romantic love, and you can just fall in love with somebody.","Anthropologist Helen Fisher takes on a tricky topic – love – and explains its evolution, its biochemical foundations and its social importance. She closes with a warning about the potential disaster inherent in antidepressant abuse."
6,"It began with a conversation with a woman. I think if you had told me when I was younger that I was going to grow up, and be in shoe stores, and people would scream out, ""There she is, the Vagina Lady!"" (Laughter) But I want to talk a little bit about happiness, and the relationship to this whole vagina journey, because it has been an extraordinary journey that began eight years ago. I think what I learned from talking about the vagina and speaking about the vagina, is it was the most obvious thing -- it was right in the center of my body and the center of the world -- and yet it was the one thing nobody talked about. What I have learned is two things: one, that the epidemic of violence towards women is shocking; it's global; it is so profound and it is so devastating, and it is so in every little pocket of every little crater, of every little society that we don't even recognize it, because it's become ordinary. What has also happened is in the course of these travels -- and it's been an extraordinary thing -- is that every single place that I have gone to in the world, I have met a new species. (Laughter) But one of the things I've seen is this species -- and it is a species, and it is a new paradigm, and it doesn't get reported in the press or in the media because I don't think good news ever is news, and I don't think people who are transforming the planet are what gets the ratings on TV shows. And it's been really interesting to be in my head for the last two days; I've been very disoriented -- (Laughter) because I think the world, the V-world, is very much in your body. And she came, and she witnessed this, and she decided that she would go back and leave her husband, and that she would bring V-Day to Guatemala. And he had shown up, obviously, in a form that it took me a long time to understand, which is that when we give in the world what we want the most, we heal the broken part inside each of us.","the epidemic of violence towards women is shocking; it's global, says nadine dos santos. dos santos: every single place that i've gone to in the world, I have met a new species. she says if we give in the world what we want most, we heal the broken part inside each of us. dos santos: if we give in the world what we want the most, we heal the broken part inside us","Eve Ensler, creator of ""The Vagina Monologues,"" shares how a discussion about menopause with her friends led to talking about all sorts of sexual acts onstage, waging a global campaign to end violence toward women and finding her own happiness."
7,"And that was: What is the purpose of this? And then when I wrote this book, and all of a sudden, it just took off, and I started saying, now, what's the purpose of this? I just don't believe that. And when you write a book that the first sentence of the book is, ""It's not about you,"" then, when all of a sudden it becomes the best-selling book in history, you've got to figure, well, I guess it's not about me. And I'm going, what do I do with this? And I gave it back because I didn't want anybody thinking that I do what I do for money -- I don't. And as I read that, I looked at it, and I thought, you know, what this is saying is that the purpose of influence is to speak up for those who have no influence. You know, there's a story in the Bible about Moses, whether you believe it's true or not, it really doesn't matter to me. I just, this is why I love what Michael does, because it's like, if he's debunking it, then I don't have to. And if you want to know what you ought to be doing with your life, you need to look at your shape -- ""What am I wired to do?""","the purpose of influence is to speak up for those who have no influence. if you want to know what you ought to be doing, you need to look at your shape. if you want to know what you ought to be doing, you need to look at your shape.","Pastor Rick Warren, author of ""The Purpose-Driven Life,"" reflects on his own crisis of purpose in the wake of his book's wild success. He explains his belief that God's intention is for each of us to use our talents and influence to do good."
8,"It is in this spirit that I join into a discussion of one of the critical issues of our time, namely, how to mobilize different forms of capital for the project of state building. But we are not dealing with the implications of the one world that we are living in. And that is that if we want to have one world, this one world cannot be based on huge pockets of exclusion, and then inclusion for some. Now, the issue that should concern us here -- and that's the challenge that I would like to pose to this group -- is again, it takes 16 years in your countries to produce somebody with a B.S. And I hope that this group would be able to deal with the issue of state and development and the empowerment of the majority of the world's poor, through this means. But we have to understand that we've been incredibly lucky. You know, when I went back in December of 2001, I had absolutely no desire to work with the Afghan government because I'd lived as a nationalist. And what I will say here is that aid doesn't work. They didn't want to give us the money. It's not that it didn't work.",john avlon: we are not dealing with the implications of the one world that we are living in. avlon: it takes 16 years in your countries to produce somebody with a B.S. he says we have been incredibly lucky to be able to work with the Afghan government. avlon: we have to understand that we've been incredibly lucky.,"Ashraf Ghani's passionate and powerful 10-minute talk, emphasizing the necessity of both economic investment and design ingenuity to rebuild broken states, is followed by a conversation with TED curator Chris Anderson on the future of Afghanistan."
9,"One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity in all of the presentations that we've had and in all of the people here; just the variety of it and the range of it. But if you are, and you say to somebody, you know, they say, ""What do you do?"" (Applause) That was it, by the way. We were sitting there, and I think they just went out of sequence, because we talked to the little boy afterward and said, ""You OK with that?"" I was. Isn't it? (Laughter) Don't they? If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one. Because you are, aren't you? So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother, and she was led and sat on this chair at the end, and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes, while this man talked to her mother about all the problems Gillian was having at school, because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on.","bob greene: if you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one. greene: if you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one. greene: if you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one. greene: if you don't have a job, it's because you didn't want one.",Sir Ken Robinson makes an entertaining and profoundly moving case for creating an education system that nurtures (rather than undermines) creativity.
10,"On September 10, the morning of my seventh birthday, I came downstairs to the kitchen, where my mother was washing the dishes and my father was reading the paper or something, and I sort of presented myself to them in the doorway, and they said, ""Hey, happy birthday!"" And he said, ""So?"" And I said, ""So? (Laughter) Now, I didn't know it at the time, but I really wasn't turning seven on September 10th. (Laughter) ""So I told them that your birthday was September 10th, and then I wasn't sure that you weren't just going to go blab it all over the place, so I started to tell you your birthday was September 10th. Every year on October 10th, when it was your birthday but you didn't realize it, I made sure that you ate a piece of cake that day."" Now, I was raised in the Pacific Northwest, around a lot of Church of Latter-day Saints people and, you know, I've worked with them and even dated them, but I never really knew the doctrine, or what they said to people when they were out on a mission, and I guess I was sort of curious, so I said, ""Well, please, come in."" And they said, ""Well, then we have a story to tell you."" And I said, ""No, I don't,"" because I was sort of upset about this Lamanite story and this crazy gold plate story, but the truth was, I hadn't really thought this through, so I backpedaled a little and I said, ""Well, what exactly do you mean by 'righteous'? If someone came to my door and I was hearing Catholic theology and dogma for the very first time, and they said, ""We believe that God impregnated a very young girl without the use of intercourse, and the fact that she was a virgin is maniacally important to us.""","""i really wasn't turning seven on September 10th,"" she says. ""i was raised in the Pacific Northwest, around a lot of Church of Latter-day Saints people"" ""we believe that God impregnated a very young girl without the use of intercourse""","When two young Mormon missionaries knock on Julia Sweeney's door one day, it touches off a quest to completely rethink her own beliefs, in this excerpt from Sweeney's solo show ""Letting Go of God.""  "
11,"To explain the wish, I'm going to have to take you somewhere where many people haven't been, and that's around the world. So you're not just doing a building for the residents or for the people who are going to use it, but for the community as a whole. And I didn't know what I was doing -- like I said, mid-20s -- and I'm the Internet generation, so we started a website. (Laughter) So what you don't know is, we've got these thousands of designers working around the world, connected basically by a website, and we have a staff of three. The idea is it's not just a clinic, it's a community center. They said, this is our design, because it's not only about engaging a community; it's about empowering a community, and about getting them to be a part of the rebuilding process. And what that means is we actually live and work with the community, and they're part of the design process. Because you know what? So it's going to take a lot of computing power, because I want the idea that any laptop anywhere in the world can plug into the system and be able to not only participate in developing these designs, but utilize the designs. And so, you know, I want these -- I just should note: I have two laptops and one of them is there, and that has 3000 designs on it.","cnn's richard quest started a website that connects thousands of designers around the world. quest: it's not just a clinic, it's a community center. he says it's going to take a lot of computing power. quest: it's going to take a lot of computing power.","Accepting his 2006 TED Prize, Cameron Sinclair demonstrates how passionate designers and architects can respond to world housing crises. He unveils his TED Prize wish for a network to improve global living standards through collaborative design."
12,"But the students are not there. (Laughter) This is where I realized that there was really a need to communicate, because the data of what's happening in the world and the child health of every country is very well aware. Can you see there? But in the middle, we have most of the world population, and they have now 24 percent of the income. And you have the OECD there, and you have sub-Saharan Africa there, and we take off the Arab states there, coming both from Africa and from Asia, and we put them separately, and we can expand this axis, and I can give it a new dimension here, by adding the social values there, child survival. And if we move back again, here, and we put trails on them, like this, you can see again that the speed of development is very, very different, and the countries are moving more or less at the same rate as money and health, but it seems you can move much faster if you are healthy first than if you are wealthy first. Now, this is, more or less, if you look at the average data of the countries -- they are like this. So if I go and look here, we can see that Uganda today is where South Korea was in 1960. But this is what we would like to see, isn't it? These countries are lifting more than the economy, and it will be very interesting to follow this over the year, as I would like you to be able to do with all the publicly funded data.","most of the world population has now 24 percent of the income. but the speed of development is very, very different. it seems you can move much faster if you are healthy first than if you are wealthy first.","You've never seen data presented like this. With the drama and urgency of a sportscaster, statistics guru Hans Rosling debunks myths about the so-called ""developing world."""
13,"You don't do book talks at TED, but I'm going to have just one slide about my book, because there is one message in it which I think this group really needs to hear. They don't have to be. It doesn't have to be. And there was a passage in it which he did not present here and I think it is so good, I'm going to read it to you: ""Over billions of years on a unique sphere, chance has painted a thin covering of life: complex, improbable, wonderful and fragile. And what I want to do now is say a bit about this book from the design standpoint, because I think it's actually a brilliant book. This is the evolution of religion that's been going on for thousands of years, and he's just the latest brilliant practitioner of it. We don't need a belief in God to be good or to have meaning in us. I'm afraid that a lot of people take that sentiment to mean that we don't have to do the sorts of things that Al Gore is trying so hard to get us to do. And what I find deeply troubling in this book is that he seems to be arguing that if you want to be moral, if you want to have meaning in your life, you have to be an Intelligent Designer, you have to deny the theory of evolution by natural selection. I don't believe it and I think this idea, popular as it is -- not in this guise, but in general -- is itself one of the main problems that we face.","john avlon: al gore's book on evolution is a brilliant example of evolution. avlon: we don't need a belief in God to be good or to have meaning in us. avlon: if you want to be moral, if you want to have meaning in your life, you have to be an Intelligent Designer.","Philosopher Dan Dennett calls for religion -- all religion -- to be taught in schools, so we can understand its nature as a natural phenomenon. Then he takes on The Purpose-Driven Life, disputing its claim that, to be moral, one must deny evolution."
14,"So this is what the supermarket is like. And do you know what the answer to this question now is? And you say, ""If you were me, Doc, what would you do?"" And that means that every day, when you wake up in the morning, you have to decide what kind of person you want to be. (Laughter) We all know what's good about it, so I'm going to talk about what's bad about it. The second effect is that, even if we manage to overcome the paralysis and make a choice, we end up less satisfied with the result of the choice than we would be if we had fewer options to choose from. One of them is, with a lot of different salad dressings to choose from, if you buy one and it's not perfect -- and what salad dressing is? All this choice made it possible for me to do better. There are lots of places in the world, and we have heard about several of them, where their problem is not that they have too much choice. Because the truth of the matter is, if you shatter the fishbowl so that everything is possible, you don't have freedom.","bob greene: when you wake up in the morning, you have to decide what kind of person you want to be. greene: even if we overcome the paralysis and make a choice, we end up less satisfied. he says there are lots of places in the world where their problem is not that they have too much choice. greene: if you shatter the fishbowl so that everything is possible, you don't have freedom.","Psychologist Barry Schwartz takes aim at a central tenet of western societies: freedom of choice. In Schwartz's estimation, choice has made us not freer but more paralyzed, not happier but more dissatisfied."
15,"Now I'm going to talk about -- I'm going to build up the Seattle Central Library in this way before your eyes in about five or six diagrams, and I truly mean this is the design process that you'll see. So what you're seeing now is actually the design of the building. Our first operation was to re-digest it back to them, show it to them and say, ""You know what? And as you can see, it is literally the diagram on the right. So, this is the building. I can show this to you later. I'm going to go very, very quickly through this. It was an unusual client for us, because they came to us and they said, ""We need you to do a new building. And the second is, they were what we call a multi-form theater, they do different kinds of performances in repertory. And again, when we unveiled it, there was a sort of nervousness that this was about an architect making a statement, not an architect who was attempting to solve a series of problems.","the Seattle Central Library is a multi-form theater that performs in repertory. it was an unusual client for us because they needed a new building. the building was a statement, not an architect trying to solve a series of problems.","Architect Joshua Prince-Ramus takes the audience on dazzling, dizzying virtual tours of three recent projects: the Central Library in Seattle, the Museum Plaza in Louisville and the Charles Wyly Theater in Dallas."
16,"(Laughter) I mean, what does this have to do with technology, entertainment and design? Well, this is what I found. By pulling a string, it vibrates and produces a sound wave, which passes through a piece of wood called a bridge, and goes down to the wood box and gets amplified, but ... let me think. (Laughter) OK, this is sort of technology, but I can call it a 16th-century technology. (Laughter) The violin is very beautiful. I mean, when I first got my violin and tried to play around on it, it was actually really bad, because it didn't sound the way I'd heard from other kids -- it was so horrible and so scratchy. But besides, my brother found this very funny: Yuk! (Laughter) Now I realize that as the musician, we human beings, with our great mind, artistic heart and skill, can change this 16th-century technology and a legendary design to a wonderful entertainment. (Music) (Music ends) (Applause) At first, I thought I was just going to be here to perform, but unexpectedly, I learned and enjoyed much more. (Laughter) But actually, the most impressive thing to me is that -- well, actually, I would also like to say this for all children is to say thank you to all adults, for actually caring for us a lot, and to make our future world much better.","a string vibrates and produces a sound wave, which passes through a piece of wood. the sound wave goes down to the wood box and gets amplified. the violin is very beautiful, and my brother found this very funny.","Violinist Sirena Huang gives a technically brilliant and emotionally nuanced performance. In a charming interlude, the 11-year-old praises the timeless design of her instrument."
17,"I'll show you some stuff that's just ready to come out of the lab, literally, and I'm really glad that you guys are going to be among the first to see it in person, because I really think this is going to really change the way we interact with machines from this point on. You know, like that. What's really interesting here is what you can do with it and the kind of interfaces you can build on top of it. You can imagine a new kind of sculpting tool, where I'm kind of warming something up, making it malleable, and then letting it cool down and solidifying in a certain state. This is something that I think is really the way we should be interacting with machines from now on. So, again, with a multi-point interface, you can do a gesture like this -- so you can be able to tilt around like that -- (Surprised laughter) It's not just simply relegated to a kind of 2D panning and motion. We just came up with that on the spot, it's probably not the right thing to do, but there's such interesting things you can do with this interface. (Laughter) And so the last thing I want to show you is -- I'm sure we can all think of a lot of entertainment apps that you can do with this thing. It's kind of a puppeteering thing, where I can use as many fingers as I have to draw and make -- Now, there's a lot of actual math going on under here for this to control this mesh and do the right thing. It's a great example of the kind of research I really love: all this compute power to make things do the right things, intuitive things, to do exactly what you expect.",cnn's nina dos santos will show you some stuff that's just ready to come out of the lab. dos santos: what's really interesting here is what you can do with it and the kind of interfaces you can build on top of it. she says it's a great example of the kind of research she loves: all this compute power. dos santos: it's going to really change the way we interact,"Jeff Han shows off a cheap, scalable multi-touch and pressure-sensitive computer screen interface that may spell the end of point-and-click."
18,"So when Chris raised to me how wonderful everything that was happening in the world, that we were seeing a shift in zeitgeist, on the one hand I absolutely agree with him, and I was so thrilled to see what happened with the G8 -- that the world, because of people like Tony Blair and Bono and Bob Geldof -- the world is talking about global poverty; the world is talking about Africa in ways I have never seen in my life. And if you remember one thing from what I want to talk about today, it's that the only way to end poverty, to make it history, is to build viable systems on the ground that deliver critical and affordable goods and services to the poor, in ways that are financially sustainable and scaleable. And I want to talk a little bit about that, and some of the examples, so you can see what it is that we're doing. That's who we talk about when we think about ""the poor."" One is in India, where there are 240 million farmers, most of whom make less than two dollars a day. On the distribution side, though, as a world, we have a lot of work to do. And so, when I told her about our idea -- that maybe we could take a Tupperware model from the United States, and find a way for the women themselves to go out and sell these nets to others -- she quickly started calculating what she herself could make and signed up. She brought 10 of the women with whom she interacts together to see if she could sell these nets, five dollars apiece, despite the fact that people say nobody will buy one, and we learned a lot about how you sell things. And we've started making curtains, and not only is it beautiful, but people can see status -- that you care about your children. And so I urge all of you to think next time as to how to engage with this notion and this opportunity that we all have -- to make poverty history -- by really becoming part of the process and moving away from an us-and-them world, and realizing that it's about all of us, and the kind of world that we, together, want to live in and share.",john avlon: only way to end poverty is to build viable systems on the ground. avlon: 240 million farmers in india make less than two dollars a day. avlon: we need to build systems that deliver critical and affordable goods to the poor. avlon: we need to make poverty history by really becoming part of the process.,"Jacqueline Novogratz applauds the world's heightened interest in Africa and poverty, but argues persuasively for a new approach."
19,"I have another piece that I'd like to play for you. And once I choose my main theme, I have to decide: Out of all the styles in music, what kind of style do I want? And then you want to decide: How are you going to draw the character? And then you have to do the initial sketch of the character, which is like your structure of a piece, and then you add pen and pencil, and whatever details that you need -- that's polishing the drawing. And another thing that both of these have in common is your state of mind, because I know I'm one of those teenagers that are really easily distracted. So if I'm trying to do homework and I don't feel like it, I'll try to draw or, you know, waste my time. (Laughter) JL: One more. GH: OK -- C, G, B, A and E. JL: Thank you very much! So, I'm going to have a moment to think, and I'll try to make something out of it. (Plays the five notes) (Music) (Music ends) (Applause) The next song, or the encore that I'm going to play is called ""Bumble Boogie,"" by Jack Fina.","the next song is called ""Bumble Boogie,"" by Jack Fina. if you don't feel like it, try to draw or waste your time.","Pianist and composer Jennifer Lin gives a magical performance, talks about the process of creativity and improvises a moving solo piece based on a random sequence of notes."
20,"And so we're going to have to do a lot of work that goes beyond just the Internet. And the reason for this is that most people understand the need for neutrality. So how do we do this? The reason for this is if we say we're only going to write the ""truth"" about some topic, that doesn't do us a damn bit of good of figuring out what to write, because I don't agree with you about what's the truth. So this neutrality policy is really important for us because it empowers a community that is very diverse to come together and actually get some work done. This is really important because a lot of new pages are just garbage that has to be deleted, you know, ""ASDFASDF."" Is it what? So as an example of how this can be important: we recently had a situation where a neo-Nazi website discovered Wikipedia, and they said, ""Oh, well, this is horrible, this Jewish conspiracy of a website, and we're going to get certain articles deleted that we don't like. And we see they have a voting process, so we're going to send -- we have 40,000 members and we're going to send them over and they're all going to vote and get these pages deleted."" And for a lot of people in the world, if I give you an encyclopedia that's written at a university level, it doesn't do you any good without a whole host of literacy materials to build you up to the point where you can actually use it.",a lot of new pages are just garbage that has to be deleted. a neo-nazi website discovered a neo-nazi website and they're going to get certain articles deleted. a neutrality policy is really important for us because it empowers a community.,"Jimmy Wales recalls how he assembled ""a ragtag band of volunteers,"" gave them tools for collaborating and created Wikipedia, the self-organizing, self-correcting, never-finished online encyclopedia."
21,"I'm Rich Baraniuk and what I'd like to talk a little bit about today are some ideas that I think have just tremendous resonance with all the things that have been talked about the last two days. But I'm not here to talk about music today. So, that's what I'd like to talk about and, really, how we get from where we are now to where we need to go. Imagine making it free, so that anyone in the world can have access to all of this knowledge, and imagine using information technology so that you can update this content, improve it, play with it, on a timescale that's more on the order of seconds instead of years. Over the last six-and-a-half years, we've been working really hard at Rice University on a project called Connexions, and so what I'd like to do for the rest of the talk is just tell you a little bit about what people are doing with Connexions, which you can kind of think of as the counterpoint to Nicholas Negroponte's talk yesterday, where they're working on the hardware of bringing education to the world. And to them, this idea of being able to remix and customize to the local context is extraordinarily important, because just providing free content to people has actually been likened by people in the developing world to a kind of cultural imperialism -- that if you don't empower people with the ability to re-contextualize the material, translate it into their own language and take ownership of it, it's not good. And I think that really, in a sense, what we're trying to do is make Minsky's dream come to a reality, where you can imagine all the books in a library actually starting to talk to each other. So, what we have to do is get it right from the very beginning. In fact, you're free to share it, to do all of these things: to copy it, to change it, even to make commercial use of it, as long as you attribute the author. All of you here are tremendously imbued with tremendous amounts of knowledge, and what I'd like to do is invite each and every one of you to contribute to this project and other projects of its type, because I think together we can truly change the landscape of education and educational publishing.",rich baraniuk: connexions is a project that aims to bring education to the world. he says it's a counterpoint to n. negroponte's talk on cultural imperialism. baraniuk: we need to empower people to re-contextualize the material.,"In 2006, open-learning visionary Richard Baraniuk explains the vision behind Connexions (now called OpenStax), an open-source, online education system. It cuts out the textbook, allowing teachers to share and modify course materials freely, anywhere in the world."
22,"And that's why we have to really talk about this a lot -- evangelize, I will go so far as to say, quite a lot -- in order to get people's attention, and make people realize that they are in a trance in this regard. So that's all I'm going to say about that. So we can put it this way: we can say that, you know, we have this chain of events. Because, you know, most people, when they hear that I predict that a lot of people alive today are going to live to 1,000 or more, they think that I'm saying that we're going to invent therapies in the next few decades that are so thoroughly eliminating aging that those therapies will let us live to 1,000 or more. If you're already 100, or even if you're 80 -- and an average 80-year-old, we probably can't do a lot for you with these therapies, because you're too close to death's door for the really initial, experimental therapies to be good enough for you. So this is a genuine conclusion that I come to, that the first 150-year-old -- we don't know how old that person is today, because we don't know how long it's going to take to get these first-generation therapies. And this is what it is. So, these seven things were all under discussion in gerontology a long time ago and that is pretty good news, because it means that, you know, we've come a long way in biology in these 20 years, so the fact that we haven't extended this list is a pretty good indication that there's no extension to be done. I haven't got time to go through them at all, but my conclusion is that, if we can actually get suitable funding for this, then we can probably develop robust mouse rejuvenation in only 10 years, but we do need to get serious about it. And I think we know how to do it.","aaron carroll: gerontologists say we're going to invent therapies that eliminate aging. carroll: we don't know how old that person is today, but we don't know how long it will take. he says we can develop robust mouse rejuvenation in 10 years, but we need to get serious. carroll: if we can get funding for this, we can probably develop mouse rejuvenation in 10 years.","Cambridge researcher Aubrey de Grey argues that aging is merely a disease -- and a curable one at that. Humans age in seven basic ways, he says, all of which can be averted."
23,"It shows how you make one holistic form, like the car industry, and then you break up what you need. This is all my process. It goes with the flow of the polymer and you'll see -- there's an image coming up right now that shows the full thing. You do. You do. Like this."" And that's what I do with my furniture. This is my studio. So I'm just going to interject a little bit with some of the things that you'll see in the video. People like Tom and Greg -- we're traveling like you can't -- we fit it all in.","""you do. You do. Like this"" is my studio. it shows how you make one holistic form, like the car industry. ""you do. You do. Like this""","Designer Ross Lovegrove expounds his philosophy of ""fat-free"" design and offers insight into several of his extraordinary products, including the Ty Nant water bottle and the Go chair."
24,"I was in India this past year, and I may have seen the last cases of polio in the world. This is the most important slide that I've ever seen in public health, [Sovereigns killed by smallpox] because it shows you to be the richest and the strongest, and to be kings and queens of the world, did not protect you from dying of smallpox. There are 20 million people on the road at any time, in buses and trains, walking; 500,000 villages, 120 million households, and none of them wanted to report if they had a case of smallpox in their house, because they thought that smallpox was the visitation of a deity, Shitala Mata, the cooling mother, and it was wrong to bring strangers into your house when the deity was in the house. When we didn't search, we had the illusion that there was no disease. Now, if we had an ""undo"" button, and we could go back and isolate it and grab it when it first started -- if we could find it early, and we had early detection and early response, and we could put each one of those viruses in jail -- that's the only way to deal with something like a pandemic. And that simulation that I showed you that you thought was bird flu -- that was SARS. (Applause) But in all seriousness, because this idea is birthed in TED, I would like it to be a legacy of TED, and I'd like to call it the ""International System for Total Early Disease Detection."" And we'll grow it as a moral force in the world, finding out those terrible things before anybody else knows about them, and sending our response to them, so that next year, instead of us meeting here, lamenting how many terrible things there are in the world, we will have pulled together, used the unique skills and the magic of this community, and be proud that we have done everything we can to stop pandemics, other catastrophes, and change the world, beginning right now. I want to add all the languages of the world that we possibly can. And I want to make it part of our culture that there is a community of people who are watching out for the worst nightmares of humanity, and that it's accessible to everyone.","john avlon: polio is the most important slide in public health. avlon: if we had an ""undo"" button, we could go back and isolate it. avlon: we'll grow it as a moral force in the world, finding out those terrible things. avlon: we'll be proud that we've done everything we can to stop pandemics.","Accepting the 2006 TED Prize, Dr. Larry Brilliant talks about how smallpox was eradicated from the planet, and calls for a new global system that can identify and contain pandemics before they spread."
25,"What I'm going to tell you today is that, in fact, based on 10 years of research, a unique opportunity to go inside a gang -- to see the actual books, the financial records of the gang -- that the answer turns out not to be that being in the gang was a glamorous life. And then third, I want to tell you, in a very superficial way, about some of the things we found when we actually got to look at the financial records, the books, of the gang. To do that, you have to actually go back to a time before crack cocaine, in the early '80s, and look at it from the perspective of a gang leader. But the thing is, there was no money in it. I don't have time to talk about it today, but if you think about it, I would say that in the last 25 years, of every invention or innovation that's occurred in this country, the biggest one in terms of impact on the well-being of people who live in the inner city, was crack cocaine. And it turned out there was this audience that didn't know it wanted crack cocaine, but when it came, it really did. And for the people who were there running the gang, it was a great way, seemingly, to make a lot of money. So if I have to kind of summarize very quickly in the short time I have what the bottom line of what I take away from the gang is, it's that, if I had to draw a parallel between the gang and any other organization, it would be that the gang is just like McDonald's, in a lot of different respects -- the restaurant McDonald's. So in some sense, the foot soldiers are a lot like the people who are taking your order at McDonald's, and it's not just by chance that they're like them. Let me do one last thing I hadn't thought I'd have time to do, which is to talk about what we learned more generally about economics, from the study of the gang.","bob greene: 10 years of research shows that crack cocaine was a great way to make money. he says the gang is just like McDonald's, in a lot of different respects. greene: if you had to draw a parallel, it would be that the gang is just like the restaurant McDonald's.","""Freakonomics"" author Steven Levitt presents new data on the finances of drug dealing. Contrary to popular myth, he says, being a street-corner crack dealer isn't lucrative: It pays below minimum wage. And your boss can kill you."
26,"But if you look, if you have that perspective, then you can see what happened in the last 60 years. And if you agree with that, then I think the best way to improve these countries is to recognize that economic development is of the people, by the people, for the people. The question was, how much did it cost to install a new telephone in Bangladesh? I mean, in America, people buy cars, and they put very little money down. They get a car, and they go to work. In the United States, we have -- everybody needs a banking service, but very few of us are trying to buy a bank. So we could do that for telephones. I mean, of course there might be other good reasons, but this was one of the reasons -- they had to be. What is it that they really do? After about a million -- I mean, I got rejected from lots of places, because I was not only trying to go to a poor country, I was trying to go to the poor of the poor country.","david frum says economic development is of the people, by the people, for the people. he says he was rejected from lots of places because he was trying to go to a poor country. frum: he says the best way to improve these countries is to recognize that economic development is of the people.","Iqbal Quadir tells how his experiences as a kid in poor Bangladesh, and later as a banker in New York, led him to start a mobile phone operator connecting 80 million rural Bangladeshi -- and to become a champion of bottom-up development."
27,"What did he have to say about his experience? All I want you to do is rank these for me, from the one you like the most to the one you like the least."" What do they do? Normal controls show -- that was the magic I showed you; now I'm showing it to you in graphical form -- ""The one I own is better than I thought. These people like better the one they own, but they don't know they own it. They're not just saying it because they own it, because they don't know they own it. (Laughter) Now, what I want to show you is that people don't know this about themselves, and not knowing this can work to our supreme disadvantage. In one case, the students are told, ""But you know, if you want to change your mind, I'll always have the other one here, and in the next four days, before I actually mail it to headquarters"" -- yeah, ""headquarters"" -- (Laughter) ""I'll be glad to swap it out with you. They think they're going to maybe come to like the picture they chose a little more than the one they left behind. They don't like their picture.","bob greene: people don't know they own the one they like better than they thought. he says not knowing this can work to our supreme disadvantage. greene: if you want to change your mind, I'll always have the other one here. greene: not knowing this can work to our supreme disadvantage.","Dan Gilbert, author of ""Stumbling on Happiness,"" challenges the idea that we'll be miserable if we don't get what we want. Our ""psychological immune system"" lets us feel truly happy even when things don't go as planned."
28,"If you're here today -- and I'm very happy that you are -- you've all heard about how sustainable development will save us from ourselves. I'd lived in this area all my life, and you could not get to the river, because of all the lovely facilities that I mentioned earlier. We feel the problems right now, and have for some time. But the things we have in common set me apart from most of the people in my community, and I am in between these two worlds with enough of my heart to fight for justice in the other. (Laughter) But -- I know it's the bottom line, or one's perception of it, that motivates people in the end. And, but I don't have -- (Laughter) You probably all have, and if you haven't, you need to. His administration attacked several typical urban problems at one time, and on a third-world budget, at that. Use your influence in support of comprehensive, sustainable change everywhere. Help me fight for environmental and economic justice. I don't think he understood that I wasn't asking for funding.","john avlon: sustainable development will save us from ourselves. avlon: it's the bottom line, or one's perception of it, that motivates people in the end. avlon: use your influence in support of comprehensive, sustainable change everywhere.","In an emotionally charged talk, MacArthur-winning activist Majora Carter details her fight for environmental justice in the South Bronx -- and shows how minority neighborhoods suffer most from flawed urban policy."
29,"And so this is what they do. And one of the things that they found was they didn't burn. And more than in Haiti, this produces really smoky fires, and this is where you see the health impacts of cooking with cow dung and biomass as a fuel. And what we could use as a binder was actually small amounts of cow manure, which they used ordinarily for their fuel. So now we're in a situation where we have a product, which is actually better than what you can buy in Haiti in the marketplace, which is a very wonderful place to be. So what is this? So when we talk about, now, the future we will create, one of the things that I think is necessary is to have a very clear vision of the world that we live in. And now, I don't actually mean the world that we live in. These are the solutions that we need to find. (Laughter) So, you know, I do what I can with the students.","in Haiti, cow dung and biomass is used as a fuel. a product that is better than what you can buy in the marketplace is a wonderful place to be. one of the things that is necessary is to have a very clear vision of the world that we live in.",Fumes from indoor cooking fires kill more than 2 million children a year in the developing world. MIT engineer Amy Smith details an exciting but simple solution: a tool for turning farm waste into clean-burning charcoal.
30,"(Laughter) We are evolved denizens of Middle World, and that limits what we are capable of imagining. We find it intuitively easy to grasp ideas like, when a rabbit moves at the sort of medium velocity at which rabbits and other Middle World objects move, and hits another Middle World object like a rock, it knocks itself out. Then, General Stubblebine banged his nose hard on the wall of his office. We have this tendency to think that only solid, material things are really things at all. After all, you really were there at the time, weren't you? Whatever you are, therefore, you are not the stuff of which you are made. If a neutrino had a brain, which it evolved in neutrino-sized ancestors, it would say that rocks really do consist of empty space. What we see of the real world is not the unvarnished world, but a model of the world, regulated and adjusted by sense data, but constructed so it's useful for dealing with the real world. If life has arisen on only one planet in the entire universe, that planet has to be our planet, because here we are talking about it. I don't think we shall have to avail ourselves of that, because I suspect that life is quite common in the universe.","we are evolved denizens of Middle World, and that limits what we are capable of imagining. we have this tendency to think that only solid, material things are really things. if life has arisen on only one planet in the entire universe, that planet has to be our planet.","Biologist Richard Dawkins makes a case for ""thinking the improbable"" by looking at how the human frame of reference limits our understanding of the universe."
31,"So I thought that it will be good to start with it. Think about that number: 83 percent of the population on the whole planet does not really know what is going on in their countries. But what they really do, which is very powerful, and that is what governments in the late '90s started doing if they don't like independent media companies -- you know, they threaten your advertisers. And I thought, I'm just dumb and I cannot find it. And second, that I have no idea how to make it work. So I thought, why don't we get into that business? But what is most important here is, who do we finance? So from that perspective, what we did is just really one drop in the sea of that need that we can identify. You can, once you have all of those different points, you can make it easy for investors. Once you have all of that put together, there's not one reason why you couldn't actually have a marketplace for all of that, where you cannot dispose of all of those bonds in a pretty quick way.","aaron carroll: 83 percent of the population does not really know what is going on in their countries. he says what we did is just one drop in the sea of that need that we can identify. carroll: what is most important here is, who do we finance?","A free press -- papers, magazines, radio, TV, blogs -- is the backbone of any true democracy (and a vital watchdog on business). Sasa Vucinic, a journalist from Belgrade, talks about his new fund, which supports media by selling ""free press bonds."""
32,"And I will now do for the rest of my life the One Laptop Per Child, which I've sort of been doing for a year and a half, anyway. I was asked by Chris to talk about some of the big issues, and so I figured I'd start with the three that at least drove me to do this. Here we're in the '80s. So when you see that kind of thing -- this is not something that you have to test. And this is what we're doing. And the fun part -- and I'm quite focused on it -- I tell people I used to be a light bulb, but now I'm a laser -- I'm just going to get that thing built, and it turns out it's not so hard. That's what it is. And one of the ways -- just one -- but one of the ways to help in the case of the gray market is to make something that is so utterly unique -- It's a little bit like the fact that automobiles -- thousands of automobiles are stolen every day in the United States. You can do anything you want. The only criticism, and people really don't want to criticize this, because it is a humanitarian effort, a nonprofit effort and to criticize it is a little bit stupid, actually.",one laptop per child is a nonprofit that aims to help the gray market. it's a little bit like the fact that automobiles are stolen every day in the u.s. thousands of automobiles are stolen every day in the u.s.,"Nicholas Negroponte, founder of the MIT Media Laboratory, describes how the One Laptop Per Child project will build and distribute the ""$100 laptop."""
33,"You know, when Chris first approached me to speak at TED, I said no, because I felt like I wasn't going to be able to make that personal connection, you know, that I wanted to. And I was like, ""Get the fuck out of here. And they said that I could just type in ""What was I going to say next?"" I get a lot of it. (Laughter) And I have to say that it's not all me this year. And I've got to say that, you know, it's really, really great to be here. (Heroic music) Just one last thing I'd like to say, I'd, really -- (Laughter) I'd like to thank all of you for being here. (Laughter) So really, what are we talking about here? It's the process of creation that keeps me sort of a bubble and a half above perpetual anxiety in my life, and it's that feeling of being about 80 percent complete on a project -- where you know you still have something to do, but it's not finished, and you're not starting something -- that really fills my entire life. It's an amazing way, and I'll tell you, if you come home, and your spouse, or whoever it is, says, ""Let's talk"" -- That, like, chills you to the very core.","""it's really, really great to be here. (Laughter) it's the process of creation that keeps me kind of a bubble and a half above perpetual anxiety in my life. if you come home, your spouse, or whoever it is, says, ""Let's talk"" that, like, chills you to the very core.","Performer and web toymaker Ze Frank delivers a hilarious nerdcore standup routine, then tells us what he's seriously passionate about: helping people create and interact using simple, addictive web tools."
34,"Howard's about this high, and he's round, and he's in his 60s, and he has big huge glasses and thinning gray hair, and he has a kind of wonderful exuberance and vitality, and he has a parrot, and he loves the opera, and he's a great aficionado of medieval history. And Pepsi came to Howard and they said, ""You know, there's this new thing called aspartame, and we would like to make Diet Pepsi. What we do is you make up a big experimental batch of Pepsi, at every degree of sweetness -- eight percent, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, all the way up to 12 -- and we try this out with thousands of people, and we plot the results on a curve, and we take the most popular concentration, right? So he said, this is what I want to do. And of those three facts, the third one was the most significant, because at the time, in the early 1980s, if you went to a supermarket, you would not find extra-chunky spaghetti sauce. If I asked all of you, for example, in this room, what you want in a coffee, you know what you'd say? What's in it? (Laughter) For the longest time in the food industry, there was a sense that there was one way, a perfect way, to make a dish. That's what it was. If I were to ask all of you to try and come up with a brand of coffee -- a type of coffee, a brew -- that made all of you happy, and then I asked you to rate that coffee, the average score in this room for coffee would be about 60 on a scale of 0 to 100.","pepsi came to Howard and they tried out a big experimental batch of pepsi. bob greene: of those three facts, the third one was the most significant. he says there was a sense that there was one way, a perfect way, to make a dish. greene: if you asked all of you to come up with a brand of coffee, the average score would be about 60.","""Tipping Point"" author Malcolm Gladwell gets inside the food industry's pursuit of the perfect spaghetti sauce -- and makes a larger argument about the nature of choice and happiness."
35,"So, if the body is sensing that you have damage to an organ and then it's initiating cancer, it's almost as if this is a repair response. If somehow we can cause these cells to differentiate -- to become bone tissue, lung tissue, liver tissue, whatever that cancer has been put there to do -- it would be a repair process. But it struck me that I'd never heard of cancer of the heart, or cancer of any skeletal muscle for that matter. And so at first I kind of thought, ""Well, maybe there's some obvious explanation why skeletal muscle doesn't get cancer -- at least not that I know of."" Some of my hypotheses are that when you first think about skeletal muscle, there's a lot of blood vessels going to skeletal muscle. And one article that really stood out to me when I was just reading about this, trying to figure out why cancer doesn't go to skeletal muscle, was that it had reported 16 percent of micro-metastases to skeletal muscle upon autopsy. So this suggests that maybe if there is an anti-angiogenic factor in skeletal muscle -- or perhaps even more, an angiogenic routing factor, so it can actually direct where the blood vessels grow -- this could be a potential future therapy for cancer. Now, one thing that kind of ties the resistance of skeletal muscle to cancer -- to the cancer as a repair response gone out of control in the body -- is that skeletal muscle has a factor in it called ""MyoD."" So, is it possible that the tumor cells are going to the skeletal muscle tissue, but once in contact inside the skeletal muscle tissue, MyoD acts upon these tumor cells and causes them to become skeletal muscle cells? Maybe tumor cells are being disguised as skeletal muscle cells, and this is why it seems as if it is so rare.","skeletal muscle has a factor called ""MyoD,"" which acts upon tumor cells. tumor cells are going to the skeletal muscle tissue, but MyoD causes them to become skeletal muscle cells. if tumor cells are going to the skeletal muscle tissue, MyoD causes them to become skeletal muscle cells.",Eva Vertes -- only 19 when she gave this talk -- discusses her journey toward studying medicine and her drive to understand the roots of cancer and Alzheimer’s.
36,"But Moore's Law, which is very often identified with this exponential growth, is just one example of many, because it's basically a property of the evolutionary process of technology. It took us three years to double our price performance of computing in 1900, two years in the middle; we're now doubling it every one year. They're faster, so you've got exponential growth in the speed of transistors, so the cost of a cycle of one transistor has been coming down with a halving rate of 1.1 years. And it's not just computers. Once we understand its principles of operation, and the pace with which we are reverse-engineering biology is accelerating, we can actually design these things to be thousands of times more capable. There's actually one going into human trial, so this is feasible technology. This is at an early stage, but you can show with the exponential growth of the amount of information about the brain and the exponential improvement in the resolution of brain scanning, we will succeed in reverse-engineering the human brain by the 2020s. Wall Street noticed that this was a revolutionary technology, which it was, but then six months later, when it hadn't revolutionized all business models, they figured, well, that was wrong, and then we had this bust. We'll have completed the reverse-engineering of the human brain, 1,000 dollars of computing will be far more powerful than the human brain in terms of basic raw capacity. These are very powerful technologies.",we're now doubling the cost of a cycle of one transistor with a halving rate of 1.1 years. the pace with which we are reverse-engineering biology is accelerating. we can reverse-engineer the human brain by the 2020s.,"Inventor, entrepreneur and visionary Ray Kurzweil explains in abundant, grounded detail why, by the 2020s, we will have reverse-engineered the human brain and nanobots will be operating your consciousness."
37,"And I feel very strongly that it's not good enough for us to have generations of kids that think that it's OK to look forward to a better version of a cell phone with a video in it. (Laughter) What we're looking forward to is -- (Applause) what we're looking forward to is not only the inspiration of our children, but the current plan right now is not really even allowing the most creative people in this country -- the Boeing's and Lockheed's space engineers -- to go out and take risks and try new stuff. And I had to fly three in Mojave with my little group of a couple dozen people in order to get to a total of five, which was the number the same year back in 1961. And I think I want to talk a little bit about why we had the courage to go out and try that as a small company. Because the moon doesn't have an atmosphere -- you can do an elliptical orbit and miss it by 10 feet if you want. For a whole decade it was for fun -- we didn't even know what it was for. There's a group of people that have come forward -- and you don't know all of them -- but the ones that have come forward were inspired as young children, this little three- to 15-year-old age, by us going to orbit and going to the moon here, right in this time period. What's out there is there's something really interesting going to happen here. The fact that they have stuck here with this kind of performance has been, well, you know, you win the war in 12 minutes; why do you need something better? But, you know, would you have thought back in the '60s, when the space race was going on, that the first commercial capitalist-like thing to do to buy a ticket to go to the moon would be in Russian hardware?",bob greene: we're looking forward to a better version of a cell phone with a video in it. he says the current plan is not even allowing creative people to go out and try new stuff. greene: for a whole decade it was for fun -- you can do an elliptical orbit and miss it by 10 feet.,"In this passionate talk, legendary spacecraft designer Burt Rutan lambasts the US government-funded space program for stagnating and asks entrepreneurs to pick up where NASA has left off."
38,"If I owned the Internet, Napster, Monster and Friendster.com would be one big website. That way you could listen to cool music while you pretend to look for a job and you're really just chattin' with your pals. (Laughter) They would not email you back (Laughter) -- but you'd get an automated reply. Now you go back to raising kids and waging peace and craving candy."" If I designed the Internet, childhood.com would be a loop of a boy in an orchard, with a ski pole for a sword, trashcan lid for a shield, shouting, ""I am the emperor of oranges. So if I were emperor of the Internet, I guess I'd still be mortal, huh? I wouldn't need it. I'd be like some kind of Internet genius, and me, I'd like to upgrade to deity and maybe just like that -- pop! It is not a question of if you can -- it's: do ya? You send one blessed email to whomever you're thinking of at dah-da-la-dat-da-dah-da-la-dat.com.","childhood.com would be a loop of a boy in an orchard with a ski pole for a sword. if i were emperor of the Internet, i guess i'd still be mortal, huh?","How many poets could cram eBay, Friendster and Monster.com into 3-minute poem worthy of a standing ovation? Enjoy Rives' unique talent."
39,"But I think the most important one is that London was this city of 2.5 million people, and it was the largest city on the face of the planet at that point. So what ended up happening, actually, is they ended up increasing the outbreaks of cholera because, as we now know, cholera is actually in the water. So this was the state of London in 1854, and in the middle of all this carnage and offensive conditions, and in the midst of all this scientific confusion about what was actually killing people, it was a very talented classic 19th century multi-disciplinarian named John Snow, who was a local doctor in Soho in London, who had been arguing for about four or five years that cholera was, in fact, a waterborne disease, and had basically convinced nobody of this. Snow lived near there, heard about the outbreak, and in this amazing act of courage went directly into the belly of the beast because he thought an outbreak that concentrated could actually potentially end up convincing people that, in fact, the real menace of cholera was in the water supply and not in the air. And he thought about representing that as a kind of a table of statistics of people living in different neighborhoods, people who hadn't, you know, percentages of people who hadn't, but eventually he hit upon the idea that what he needed was something that you could see. And so, with the help of this map, and with the help of more evangelizing that he did over the next few years and that Whitehead did, eventually, actually, the authorities slowly started to come around. It took much longer than sometimes we like to think in this story, but by 1866, when the next big cholera outbreak came to London, the authorities had been convinced -- in part because of this story, in part because of this map -- that in fact the water was the problem. When people were looking at 10 percent of their neighborhoods dying in the space of seven days, there was a widespread consensus that this couldn't go on, that people weren't meant to live in cities of 2.5 million people. But because of what Snow did, because of this map, because of the whole series of reforms that happened in the wake of this map, we now take for granted that cities have 10 million people, cities like this one are in fact sustainable things. We don't worry that New York City is going to collapse in on itself quite the way that, you know, Rome did, and be 10 percent of its size in 100 years or 200 years.","cholera outbreaks in london increased because cholera is actually in the water. cholera is a waterborne disease, but it's not in the air, says dr. sanjay gupta. gupta: we don't have to worry about cholera outbreaks in cities of 2.5 million people.","Author Steven Johnson takes us on a 10-minute tour of The Ghost Map, his book about a cholera outbreak in 1854 London and the impact it had on science, cities and modern society."
40,"And I felt really badly, because I couldn't give her a good answer. And I think, jeez, I'm in the middle of a room of successful people! And the first thing is passion. TEDsters do it for love; they don't do it for money. And the interesting thing is: if you do it for love, the money comes anyway. Rupert Murdoch said to me, ""It's all hard work. Now it's not always easy to push yourself, and that's why they invented mothers. The first thing I say is: ""OK, well you can't serve yourself; you've got to serve others something of value. I'd say it was a pretty good idea. And there's no magic to creativity in coming up with ideas -- it's just doing some very simple things.","john avlon: TEDsters do it for love; they don't do it for money. avlon: if you do it for love, the money comes anyway. he says there's no magic to creativity in coming up with ideas. avlon: it's just doing some very simple things.",Why do people succeed? Is it because they're smart? Or are they just lucky? Neither. Analyst Richard St. John condenses years of interviews into an unmissable 3-minute slideshow on the real secrets of success.
41,"It is, first of all, profoundly unequal: half the world's people still living on less than two dollars a day; a billion people with no access to clean water; two and a half billion no access to sanitation; a billion going to bed hungry every night; one in four deaths every year from AIDS, TB, malaria and the variety of infections associated with dirty water -- 80 percent of them under five years of age. When the terrorist incidents occurred in the United Kingdom a couple of years ago, I think even though they didn't claim as many lives as we lost in the United States on 9/11, I think the thing that troubled the British most was that the perpetrators were not invaders, but homegrown citizens whose religious and political identities were more important to them than the people they grew up with, went to school with, worked with, shared weekends with, shared meals with. When I organized my foundation, and I thought about the world as it is and the world that I hope to leave to the next generation, and I tried to be realistic about what I had cared about all my life that I could still have an impact on. (Applause) When I got out of office and was asked to work, first in the Caribbean, to try to help deal with the AIDS crisis, generic drugs were available for about 500 dollars a person a year. Now we can get it for about 100 dollars. So what we have been trying to do, working first in Rwanda and then in Malawi and other places -- but I want to talk about Rwanda tonight -- is to develop a model for rural health care in a very poor area that can be used to deal with AIDS, TB, malaria, other infectious diseases, maternal and child health, and a whole range of health issues poor people are grappling with in the developing world, that can first be scaled for the whole nation of Rwanda, and then will be a model that could literally be implemented in any other poor country in the world. The person, in my view, who has done the best job of this in the health care area, of building a system in a very poor area, is Dr. Paul Farmer, who, many of you know, has worked for now 20 years with his group, Partners in Health, primarily in Haiti where he started, but they've also worked in Russia, in Peru and other places around the world. Because it seemed to me if we could prove there was a model in Haiti and a model in Rwanda that we could then take all over the country, number one, it would be a wonderful thing for a country that has suffered as much as any on Earth in the last 15 years, and number two, we would have something that could then be adapted to any other poor country anywhere in the world. About 40 percent of all the people -- I said 400,000. About 40 percent of all the people who need TB treatment are now getting it -- in just 18 months, up from zero when we started.",a billion people still live on less than two dollars a day. a billion people have no access to clean water; two and a half billion no access to sanitation. a model for rural health care in a very poor area can be scaled for the whole nation of Rwanda.,"Accepting the 2007 TED Prize, Bill Clinton asks for help in bringing health care to Rwanda -- and the rest of the world."
42,"The second school I was at had big trees too, had a fantastic tulip tree, I think it was the biggest in the country, and it also had a lot of wonderful bushes and vegetation around it, around the playing fields. And 30 years later I was sitting in an airplane, next to a lady called Veronica, who came from Chile, and we were on a human rights tour, and she was starting to tell me what it was like to be tortured, and, from my very privileged position, this was the only reference point that I had. And it was an amazing learning experience because, for me, human rights have been something in which I had, you know, a part-time interest, but, mainly, it was something that happened to other people over there. But I got a phone call from Bono in 1985 and, as you know, he's a great singer, but he's a magnificent hustler, and -- (Laughter) -- a very hard guy to say no to, and he was saying, you know, just after I'd done the Biko song, we're going to do a tour for Amnesty, you have to be on it, and really that was the first time that I'd been out and started meeting people who'd watched their family being shot in front of them, who'd had a partner thrown out of an airplane into an ocean, and suddenly this world of human rights arrived in my world, and I couldn't really walk away in quite the same way as before. And Reebok set up a foundation after these Human Rights Now tours and there was a decision then -- well, we made a proposal, for a couple of years, about trying to set up a division that was going to give cameras to human rights activists. (Music) Woman: Life in the camp is never simple. Anyway, WITNESS has been trying to arm the brave people who often put their lives at risk around the world, with cameras, and I'd like to show you just a little more of that. And we've also been trying to get computers out to the world, so that groups can communicate much more effectively, campaign much more effectively, but now we have the wonderful possibility, which is given to us from the mobile phone with the camera in it, because that is cheap; it's ubiquitous; and it's moving fast all around the world -- and it's very exciting for us. And so, the dream is that we could have a world in which anyone who has anything bad happen to them of this sort has a chance of getting their story uploaded, being seen, being watched, that they really know that they can be heard, that there would be a giant website, maybe, a little like Google Earth, and you could fly over and find out the realities of what's going, for the world's inhabitants. In a way what this technology is allowing is, really, that a lot of the problems of the world can have a human face, that we can actually see who's dying of AIDS or who's being beaten up, for the first time, and we can hear their stories in a way that the blogger culture -- if we can move that into these sort of fields, I think we can really transform the world in all sorts of ways.",cnn's nina dos santos was on a human rights tour 30 years ago. she met people who'd watched their family being shot in front of them. now she's trying to arm the brave people who often put their lives at risk.,Musician and activist Peter Gabriel shares his very personal motivation for standing up for human rights with the watchdog group WITNESS -- and tells stories of citizen journalists in action.
43,"So here's what you do. What I want to do more generally is to get you thinking about the place of uncertainty and randomness and chance in our world, and how we react to that, and how well we do or don't think about it. There is. What's the chance that they do? Amongst all these other people who don't have the disease, the test will get it right 99 percent of the time. And the number we end up with -- that number which is a little bit less than one in 100 -- is to do with how likely one of those explanations is relative to the other. In the disease example, we had to bear in mind two things, one of which was the possibility that the test got it right or not. We don't know what it is. I know how to do statistics."" In the case of uncertainty, we get it wrong all the time -- and at the very least, we should be aware of that, and ideally, we might try and do something about it.","in the case of uncertainty, we get it wrong all the time. we should be aware of that, and ideally, we might try and do something about it. in the case of uncertainty, we get it wrong all the time.",Oxford mathematician Peter Donnelly reveals the common mistakes humans make in interpreting statistics -- and the devastating impact these errors can have on the outcome of criminal trials.
44,"I'm going to discuss with you three of my inventions that can have an effect on 10 to a 100 million people, which we will hope to see happen. And what we tried with the pig was external electrodes on the skin, like you see in an emergency room, and I'm going to show you why they don't work very well. We see that the signal that's actually in the heart, we can use it to tell people that they're having a heart attack even before they have symptoms so we can save their life. Can you see it there? We're going to send him the signal that we have, that says you have a heart attack, and we're going to send the signal to the hospital and we're going to have it analyzed there, and there you're going to be with your doctor and you'll be taken care of so you won't die of a heart attack."" At first I didn't think migraine headaches were a big problem because I'd never had a migraine headache, but then I spoke to some people who have three or four every week of their life, and their lives are being totally ruined by it. (Applause) You see, the problem is, 30 million Americans have migraine headaches, and we need a means to treat it, and I think that we now have it. And this is the first device that we did, and I'm going to talk about my second wish, which has something to do with this. Well, ""responsive electrical stimulation"" means that we sense, at a place in your brain which is called an ""epileptic focus,"" which is where the epileptic seizure begins -- we sense there, that it's going to happen, and then we respond by applying an electrical energy at that spot, which erases the errant signal so that you don't get the clinical manifestations of the migraine headache. And then with four screws, we put in a frame, then we snap in the device and we run with wires -- the one shown in green will go to the surface of the brain with electrodes, to the epileptic focus, the origin of the epilepsy, where we can sense the electrical signal and have computer analysis that tells us when to hit it with some electrical current to prevent the clinical manifestation of the seizure.","30 million americans have migraine headaches, and we need a means to treat it. ""responsive electrical stimulation"" means we sense at a place in your brain where epilepsy begins. electrodes will go to the surface of the brain where the epileptic seizure begins.","Accepting his 2005 TED Prize, inventor Robert Fischell makes three wishes: redesigning a portable device that treats migraines, finding new cures for clinical depression and reforming the medical malpractice system."
45,"If they'd sent a nuke, it would have been rather more spectacular than what actually happened last Monday. If my research group had a logo, it would be this picture here: an ouroboros, where you see the micro-world on the left -- the world of the quantum -- and on the right the large-scale universe of planets, stars and galaxies. (Laughter) And until we have that synthesis, we won't be able to understand the very beginning of our universe because when our universe was itself the size of an atom, quantum effects could shake everything. And so we need a theory that unifies the very large and the very small, which we don't yet have. One idea, incidentally -- and I had this hazard sign to say I'm going to speculate from now on -- is that our Big Bang was not the only one. And so we believe that there may be a lot more to physical reality than what we've normally called our universe -- the aftermath of our Big Bang. Bottom right depicts our universe, which on the horizon is not beyond that, but even that is just one bubble, as it were, in some vaster reality. It would take as many human bodies to make up the sun as there are atoms in each of us. The science of complexity is probably the greatest challenge of all, greater than that of the very small on the left and the very large on the right. But let's suppose some aliens had been watching our pale blue dot in the cosmos from afar, not just for 40 years, but for the entire 4.5 billion-year history of our Earth.","john avlon: if they'd sent a nuke, it would have been more spectacular. avlon: we need a theory that unifies the very large and the very small. avlon: we believe that there may be a lot more to physical reality than what we've normally called our universe. he says the science of complexity is probably the greatest challenge of all.","Speaking as both an astronomer and ""a concerned member of the human race,"" Sir Martin Rees examines our planet and its future from a cosmic perspective. He urges action to prevent dark consequences from our scientific and technological development."
46,"We can now do that same genome project in the order of two to eight hours. And maybe it's something that people in Oxford don't do very often, but if you ever make it to the sea, and you swallow a mouthful of seawater, keep in mind that each milliliter has about a million bacteria and on the order of 10 million viruses. We just take seawater and we filter it, and we collect different size organisms on different filters, and then take their DNA back to our lab in Rockville, where we can sequence a hundred million letters of the genetic code every 24 hours. Just to try and get an assessment of what our gene repertoire was, we assembled all the data -- including all of ours thus far from the expedition, which represents more than half of all the gene data on the planet -- and it totaled around 29 million genes. Of those roughly 29 million genes, we only have around 24,000 in our genome. So we made a map of all the genes that could take transposon insertions and we called those ""non-essential genes."" But it turns out the environment is very critical for this, and you can only define an essential or non-essential gene based on exactly what's in the environment. The only way to prove these ideas was to construct an artificial chromosome with those genes in them, and we had to do this in a cassette-based fashion. This was not the first synthetic virus -- a polio virus had been made a year before -- but it was only one ten-thousandth as active and it took three years to do. For example, from the third organism we sequenced, Methanococcus jannaschii -- it lives in boiling water temperatures; its energy source is hydrogen and all its carbon comes from CO2 it captures back from the environment.","we can now sequence a hundred million letters of the genetic code every 24 hours. of those roughly 29 million genes, we only have around 24,000 in our genome. of those roughly 29 million genes, we only have around 24,000 in our genome.",Genomics pioneer Craig Venter takes a break from his epic round-the-world expedition to talk about the millions of genes his team has discovered so far in its quest to map the ocean's biodiversity.
47,"We've had a digital revolution but we don't need to keep having it. That's still conventional bits, the step after that is -- this is an earlier prototype in the lab; this is high-speed video slowed down. We all know we've had a digital revolution, but what is that? That's in 2D. You know, hundreds of people came in begging, all my life I've been waiting for this class; I'll do anything to do it. Do you ever find yourself in a situation where you really have to scream, but you can't because you're at work, or you're in a classroom, or you're watching your children, or you're in any number of situations where it's just not permitted? This is a student who made a machine that makes machines, and he made it by making Lego bricks that do the computing. This wasn't meant to be provocative or important, but we put together these Fab Labs. You can see it in their face, just this joy of, I can do it. I was showing my kids in a Fab Lab how to use it.","a student made a machine that makes machines, and he made it by making Lego bricks. this was not meant to be provocative or important, but we put together these Fab Labs. you can see it in their face, just this joy of, I can do it.",MIT professor Neil Gershenfeld talks about his Fab Lab -- a low-cost lab that lets people build things they need using digital and analog tools. It's a simple idea with powerful results.
48,"(Laughter) And this man, he has been outside, but he's gone back, and he was saying, ""You know, we have suddenly jumped into a whole new era, and we didn't even know about the white man 50 years ago, and now here we are with laptop computers, and there are some things we want to learn from the modern world. We want to know about what other people do -- we're interested in it. But the point is that when I was first in Gombe in 1960 -- I remember so well, so vividly, as though it was yesterday -- the first time, when I was going through the vegetation, the chimpanzees were still running away from me, for the most part, although some were a little bit acclimatized -- and I saw this dark shape, hunched over a termite mound, and I peered with my binoculars. What we find is that over these 40-odd years that I and others have been studying chimpanzees and the other great apes, and, as I say, other mammals with complex brains and social systems, we have found that after all, there isn't a sharp line dividing humans from the rest of the animal kingdom. The one thing we have, which makes us so different from chimpanzees or other living creatures, is this sophisticated spoken language -- a language with which we can tell children about things that aren't here. We can do it by talking to each other; we can do it through video; we can do it through the written word. As I was traveling around the world, you know, I had to leave the forest -- that's where I love to be. And I believe that a group like this can have a very major impact, not just because you can share technology with us, but because so many of you have children. And if you take this program out, and give it to your children, they have such a good opportunity to go out and do good, because they've got parents like you. And then as I went around the country after that and felt the fear -- the fear that was leading to people feeling they couldn't worry about the environment any more, in case they seemed not to be patriotic -- and I was trying to encourage them, somebody came up with a little quotation from Mahatma Gandhi, ""If you look back through human history, you see that every evil regime has been overcome by good.""",chimpanzees and great apes have sophisticated spoken language. children can learn about things that aren't here by talking to each other. a group like this can have a very major impact. do you know a hero? nominations are open for 2013 cnn heroes.,"Jane Goodall hasn't found the missing link, but she's come closer than nearly anyone else. The primatologist says the only real difference between humans and chimps is our sophisticated language. She urges us to start using it to change the world."
49,"You know, I was born in Brazil and grew up in the '70s under a climate of political distress, and I was forced to learn to communicate in a very specific way -- in a sort of a semiotic black market. And also -- advertising people do that all the time -- (Laughter) -- and I -- well, what happened is when I went back, it was on the way back to my car, the guy who got hit decided to grab a gun -- I don't know why he had a gun -- and shoot the first person he decided to be his aggressor. (Laughter) But I -- they didn't let me do it, so I just -- you know, they would only let me do other things. I wanted to take that into the realm of images, and I decided to make things that had the same identity conflicts. So I decided to make these very simple renderings, that at first they are taken as a line drawing -- you know, something that's very -- and then I did it with wire. Because I was doing this while I was making these pictures, I realized that I could add still another thing I was trying to make a subject -- something that would interfere with the themes, so chocolate is very good, because it has -- it brings to mind ideas that go from scatology to romance. And so I decided to make these pictures, and they were very large, so you had to walk away from it to be able to see them. You know? I was more interested in the things in between, you know, because you can leave an enormous range for ambiguity there. And in this, you'd have like a -- something that looks like a cloud, and it is a cloud at the same time.",brazil-born artist joaquin sato was born in the '70s under a climate of political distress. sato: i wanted to make things that had the same identity conflicts. he says sato was forced to learn to communicate in a very specific way. sato: i decided to make these very simple renderings.,"Vik Muniz makes art from pretty much anything, be it shredded paper, wire, clouds or diamonds. Here he describes the thinking behind his work and takes us on a tour of his incredible images."
50,"Every single thing that we can think of -- and if you heard Olivia's talk about the sexual habits, you'll realize that there isn't anything we can say that's true for all life, because every single one of them is hacking something about it. But we see that each one of these is actually hacking, and has a different way of finding out how to do life. One of the things about evolution is that nowhere on Earth have we ever been where we don't find life. I mean, it was just -- it was really there. That's what it's for. And when we take that, we take this idea of what culture is doing and add it to what the long-term trajectory -- again, in life's evolution -- we find that each case -- each of the major transitions in life -- what they're really about is accelerating and changing the way in which evolution happens. That's what it's about. All the things that we think that we really like about humanity is being driven by technology. This is the infinite game. And so when I think about what technology wants, I think that it has to do with the fact that every person here -- and I really believe this -- every person here has an assignment.","john avlon: there isn't anything we can say that's true for all life. avlon: each one of these is actually hacking, and has a different way of finding out how to do life. avlon: where on earth have we ever been where we don't find life? he says evolution is about accelerating and changing the way in which evolution happens.","Tech enthusiast Kevin Kelly asks ""What does technology want?"" and discovers that its movement toward ubiquity and complexity is much like the evolution of life."
51,"And if it looks a lot like a Buick hubcap, it's because it is. (Laughter) So, although it's possible that most of these things are fake or illusions or so on, and that some of them are real, it's more likely that all of them are fake, like the crop circles. Second of all, his data was grainy and fuzzy, and he couldn't quite make out what he was looking at. It wasn't till Huygens had two things: He had a good theory of planetary rings and how the solar system operated, and he had better telescopic, more fine-grain data in which he could figure out that as the Earth is going around faster -- according to Kepler's Laws -- than Saturn, then we catch up with it. And if I didn't tell you what to look for, you'd still see the face, because we're programmed by evolution to see faces. There was a lot of people there. (Laughter) So is it really a miracle of Mary, or is it a miracle of Marge? This is the most famous one of all of these. (Music) (Lyrics) We are 12 billion light-years from the edge That's a guess, No one can ever say it's true, But I know that I will always be with you. And so he wrote an op-ed piece in ""The Guardian"" about Katie's song, in which he said, well, we know exactly how far from the edge.","if it looks a lot like a Buick hubcap, it's because it is. it's more likely that all of these things are fake, like the crop circles. the most famous one is ""we are 12 billion light-years from the edge""","Why do people see the Virgin Mary on a cheese sandwich or hear demonic lyrics in ""Stairway to Heaven""? Using video and music, skeptic Michael Shermer shows how we convince ourselves to believe -- and overlook the facts."
52,"And if we do not, the question I think we need to ask ourselves -- and that's why it's on the economy session -- is to say, if we don't do all things, we really have to start asking ourselves, which ones should we solve first? But of course, there's a problem in asking people to focus on problems. The point that I would like to ask you to try to do, is just in 30 seconds -- and I know this is in a sense an impossible task -- write down what you think is probably some of the top priorities. But if you want to know which of the two you should deal with first, you can't ask either of them, because that's not what they do. So this is the list, and this is the one I'd like to share with you. And just to give you a sense of reference, the U.N. actually estimate that for half that amount, for about 75 billion dollars a year, we could solve all major basic problems in the world. It's not to say that if we had all the money in the world, we wouldn't want to do it. Again, what this does and what it focuses on is saying there are two very different ways that we can deal with HIV/AIDS. To start thinking about saying, ""Let's do not the things where we can do very little at a very high cost, not the things that we don't know how to do, but let's do the great things where we can do an enormous amount of good, at very low cost, right now."" At the end of the day, you can disagree with the discussion of how we actually prioritize these, but we have to be honest and frank about saying, if there's some things we do, there are other things we don't do.","john avlon: if we don't do all things, we have to ask ourselves, which ones should we solve first? avlon: if you want to know which of the two you should deal with first, you can't ask either of them. avlon: we have to be honest and frank about saying, if there's some things we do, there are other things we don't do.","Given $50 billion to spend, which would you solve first, AIDS or global warming? Danish political scientist Bjorn Lomborg comes up with surprising answers."
53,"If we were to wipe out insects alone, just that group alone, on this planet -- which we are trying hard to do -- the rest of life and humanity with it would mostly disappear from the land. By my college years, I was a devoted myrmecologist, a specialist on the biology of ants, but my attention and research continued to make journeys across the great variety of life on Earth in general -- including all that it means to us as a species, how little we understand it and how pressing a danger that our activities have created for it. About 16,000 species of nematode worms have been discovered and diagnosed by scientists; there could be hundreds of thousands of them, even millions, still unknown. They've had billions of years to do it, but especially during the earliest period of biological evolution on this planet. For example, even in the United States, the 200,000 species known currently actually has been found to be only partial in coverage; it is mostly unknown to us in basic biology. We urgently need to change this. We need to have the biosphere properly explored so that we can understand and competently manage it. What is the ""Encyclopedia of Life?"" And most of all, it can inspire a new generation of biologists to continue the quest that started, for me personally, 60 years ago: to search for life, to understand it and finally, above all, to preserve it. That is my wish.","about 16,000 species of nematode worms have been discovered and diagnosed by scientists. about 200,000 species known currently has been found to be only partial in coverage. ""encyclopedia of life"" can inspire a new generation of biologists to continue quest for life.","As E.O. Wilson accepts his 2007 TED Prize, he makes a plea on behalf of all creatures that we learn more about our biosphere -- and build a networked encyclopedia of all the world's knowledge about life."
54,"This is me. We were just over 200 miles left to go to the Pole, and we'd run out of time. My mum was there; my brother was there; my granddad was there -- had a little Union Jack -- (Laughter) -- and that was about it. This time, I wanted to go right across, on my own this time, from Russia, at the top of the map, to the North Pole, where the sort of kink in the middle is, and then on to Canada. I think the joke is that Khatanga isn't the end of the world, but you can see it from there. I got up in the morning, took the tent down, skied north for seven-and-a-half hours, put the tent up, and I was two and a half miles further back than when I'd started. It took me 68 days to get there from Russia, and there is nothing there. There isn't even a pole at the Pole. This was the last day I had on the ice. Of course, when you're on the ice, you only ever see one obstacle at a time, whether it's a pressure ridge or there's a bit of water.",it took me 68 days to get to the North Pole from Russia. there isn't even a pole at the Pole. this was the last day i had on the ice.,"Arctic explorer Ben Saunders recounts his harrowing solo ski trek to the North Pole, complete with engaging anecdotes, gorgeous photos and never-before-seen video."
55,"So these four characters are going to be from that work that I've been doing for many years now, and well over, I don't know, a couple of thousand people I've interviewed. And the official truth, the truth was, the law was, that a black man was a property, was a thing, you see. But since this was called ""risk taking,"" I'm doing somebody who I never do, because she's so unlikeable that one person actually came backstage and told me to take her out of the show she was in. I didn't even want to accept the fact that she was dead, so I went in and I put a mirror to her mouth -- there was no thing, nothing, coming out of her mouth. So we went to the mall and we told a police that we had, like, lost her, that she was missing. And I told you that in -- you know, I didn't give you the year, but in '79 I thought that I was going to go around and find bull riders and pig farmers and people like that, and I got sidetracked on race relations. You know, if I wasn't talking -- you know, like, you know, she wanted me to talk, I don't think she would even come out here.' I mean, confidence is like, you know, you've been on that bull before; you know you can ride him. I don't think I know what beauty is. And then they had to straighten out my nose, and they took these rods and shoved them up my nose and went up through my brains and felt like it was coming out the top of my head, and everybody said that it should have killed me, but it didn't, because I guess I have a high tolerance for pain.","the official truth was, the law was, that a black man was a property, was a thing. but since this was called ""risk taking,"" i'm doing somebody who I never do. i don't think i know what beauty is, but i have a high tolerance for pain.","Writer and actor Anna Deavere Smith gives life to author Studs Terkel, convict Paulette Jenkins, a Korean shopkeeper and a bull rider, excerpts from her solo show ""On the Road: A Search for American Character."""
56,"Now, this sounds like an intrinsically upbeat worldview in a way, because when you think of non-zero, you think win-win, you know, that's good. I kind of think this is a kind of a business-class morality. And by that I mean, if people in the Muslim world get more hateful, more resentful, less happy with their place in the world, it'll be bad for the West. That's what's responsible for this growth of this moral progress so far, and I'm saying we once again have a correlation of fortunes, and if people respond to it intelligently, we will see the development of tolerance and so on -- the norms that we need, you know. So, these two things, you know, if they get people's attention and drive home the positive correlation and people do what's in their self-interests, which is further the moral evolution, then they could actually have a constructive effect. It's especially hard to do when people hate you, OK, because you don't really, in a sense, want to completely understand why people hate you. (Laughter) You don't want to say, ""Well, yeah, I can kind of understand how a human being in those circumstances would hate the country I live in."" That's not a pleasant thing, but I think it's something that we're going to have to get used to and work on. Now, I want to stress that to understand, you know -- there are people who don't like this whole business of understanding the grassroots, the root causes of things; they don't want to know why people hate us. Now, social organization has reached the global level, and I guess, if there's good news I can say I'm bringing you, it's just that all the salvation of the world requires is the intelligent pursuit of self-interests in a disciplined and careful way.","if people get more hateful, more resentful, less happy with their place in the world, it'll be bad for the west. if people respond to it intelligently, we will see the development of tolerance and so on. if people do what's in their self-interests, then they could have a constructive effect.","Author Robert Wright explains ""non-zero-sumness"" -- the network of linked fortunes and cooperation that has guided our evolution to this point -- and how we can use it to help save humanity today."
57,"Brilliant later today -- I want to talk about the other pandemic, which is cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension -- all of which are completely preventable for at least 95 percent of people just by changing diet and lifestyle. We showed a few months ago -- we published the first study showing you can actually stop or reverse the progression of prostate cancer by making changes in diet and lifestyle, and 70 percent regression in the tumor growth, or inhibition of the tumor growth, compared to only nine percent in the control group. Now there is an epidemic of obesity: two-thirds of adults and 15 percent of kids. What's really concerning to me is that diabetes has increased 70 percent in the past 10 years, and this may be the first generation in which our kids live a shorter life span than we do. That's pitiful, and it's preventable. Now these are not election returns, these are the people -- the number of the people who are obese by state, beginning in '85, '86, '87 -- these are from the CDC website -- '88, '89, '90, '91 -- you get a new category -- '92, '93, '94, '95, '96, '97, '98, '99, 2000, 2001 -- it gets worse. But the people in Asia are starting to eat like we are, which is why they're starting to get sick like we are. They can make it fun and sexy and hip and crunchy and convenient to eat healthier foods, like -- I chair the advisory boards to McDonald's, and PepsiCo, and ConAgra, and Safeway, and soon Del Monte, and they're finding that it's good business. The salads that you see at McDonald's came from the work -- they're going to have an Asian salad. And so if we can do that, then we can free up resources for buying drugs that you really do need for treating AIDS and HIV and malaria and for preventing avian flu.","cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension are preventable for 95 percent of people. we can stop or reverse the progression of prostate cancer by changing diet and lifestyle. two-thirds of adults and 15 percent of kids are obese.",Forget the latest disease in the news: Cardiovascular disease kills more people than everything else combined -- and it’s mostly preventable. Dr. Dean Ornish explains how changing our eating habits can save lives.
58,"I'd like to begin this song I wrote about ceaseless yearning and never-ending want with a poem of popular Petrarchan paradoxes by Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder: ""I find no peace, and all my war is done; I fear and hope, I burn and freeze like ice; I fly above the wind, and yet I cannot arise; And naught I have, and all the world I seize upon."" ♫ I want what I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have what I don't have, what I want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have what I don't have, what I want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have what I don't have, what I want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have what I don't have, what I want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have but I don't have ♫ ♫ It feels like all I got is loss on a bad back ♫ ♫ Gone with the last train, honey don't you fret ♫ ♫ Every cloud has a silver lining ♫ ♫ Just a little rain, just a little rain, just a little rain ♫ ♫ I want what I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have what I don't have, what I want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have but I don't have ♫ ♫ My mind won't stop, and my heart says go ♫ ♫ Nobody knows how to hold me ♫ ♫ My mind won't stop, and my heart says, ♫ ♫ ""Good things come to those who wait"" ♫ ♫ And I can't stand in ... ♫ ♫ I can't stand in line forever ♫ ♫ Stand the cold air ♫ ♫ Glad-handed ♫ ♫ Sick and tired of the ""Later, maybe"" ♫ ♫ Take it, fake it, take it, take-it-or-leave-it life ♫ ♫ And I gotta just tame it ♫ ♫ I gotta just name it ♫ ♫ I gotta just seize, so please, oh please, oh please, oh please ♫ ♫ Oh please me right, 'cause ♫ ♫ My mind won't stop ♫ ♫ And my heart says go ♫ ♫ Nobody knows how to hold me ♫ ♫ My mind won't stop -- and my heart says go-ooooo ... ♫ ♫ Good things must be here -- yes, right here ♫ ♫ Here, right here, right here ♫ ♫ I won't live this life forever ♫ ♫ One time round is all the offer is ♫ ♫ Sick and tired of the ""Later, maybe"" ♫ ♫ Take it, fake it, make it, leave it life ♫ ♫ And I gotta just name it, I gotta just claim it ♫ ♫ I gotta just seize ♫ ♫ Oh please, oh please, oh please me right ♫ ♫ I want what I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have what I don't have, what I want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have but I don't have -- you know that ♫ ♫ My mind won't stop, and my heart says go ♫ ♫ Nobody knows how to hold me, no ♫ ♫ My mind won't stop, and my heart says go ♫ ♫ 'Cause I want what I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have but I -- have what I want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have but I don't have, what I want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have what I don't have, what I want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have but I don't have, what I want ♫ ♫ What I can't have, need what I can't want ♫ ♫ Have but I don't have what I want ♫ (Applause)","""i want what I can't have, need what I can't want"" is a song about yearning and never-ending want. ""good things come to those who wait"" is a song about longing and longing. ""i want what I can't have, need what I can't want"" is a song about longing and longing.","Nora York gives a stunning performance of her song ""What I Want,"" with Jamie Lawrence (keyboards), Steve Tarshis (guitar) and Arthur Kell (bass)."
59,"And when I met her, she had just taken a walk over the Himalayas from Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, into Nepal, across to India -- 30 days -- to meet her leader, the Dalai Lama. And it really impressed me -- I met him two weeks after he got out of prison -- that he went through that experience, and ended up with the demeanor that he had. And this is -- well, at the time -- I did this 10 years ago -- that was 36 years after the Dalai Lama had left. As a teenager, he faced the invasion of his country, and had to deal with it -- he was the leader of the country. And we spent -- I was with a team -- two weeks with these guys out in the jungle watching them hunt. And I was -- I usually travel alone when I do my work, but I did this -- I hosted a program for Discovery, and when I went down with the team, I was quite concerned about going in with a whole bunch of people, especially into the Huaorani, deep into the Huaorani tribe. So, one thing we did five years ago: we started a program that links kids in indigenous communities with kids in the United States. And the way we do it is, we do it in workshops, and we bring people who want to learn digital workflow and storytelling, and have them work with the kids. This is all their movies. And this kid lived in the village -- he wasn't there at the time -- and this is the little movie he put together about that.","10 years ago, i met the Dalai Lama, who faced the invasion of his country. i hosted a program that links kids in indigenous communities with kids in the u.s. five years ago, we started a program that links kids in indigenous communities with kids in the u.s.","Photographer Phil Borges shows rarely seen images of people from the mountains of Dharamsala, India, and the jungles of the Ecuadorean Amazon. In documenting these endangered cultures, he intends to help preserve them."
60,"And it turned out that -- I just went to see, you know, what they are doing in Hong Kong. You know, of course, they are related to this combination of at least two of them being, you know, design objects. Now, what I took away from the exhibit was that maybe with the exception of the mandala most of the pieces in there were actually about the visualization of happiness and not about happiness. It has gotten to the point where, you know, within advertising or within the movie industry, ""happy"" has gotten such a bad reputation that if you actually want to do something with the subject and still appear authentic, you almost would have to, you know, do it from a cynical point of view. (Laughter) So this is one. This is at P.S. (Laughter) Well, there was a question, of course, that was on my mind for a while: You know, can I do more of the things that I like doing in design and less of the ones that I don't like to be doing? And then we did one more of these. This is: ""Having"" -- this is the same thing; it's just, you know, photographed from the side. (Laughter) And it's ""me.""","""happy"" has gotten such a bad reputation that you almost would have to do it from a cynical point of view. ""having"" is the same thing; it's just, you know, photographed from the side.",Graphic designer Stefan Sagmeister takes the audience on a whimsical journey through moments of his life that made him happy -- and notes how many of these moments have to do with good design.
61,"But what I think it was telling me is that we are this transient thing that's happening, and that the nature that you see out there -- the untouched shorelines, the untouched forest that I was able to see -- really bring in a sense of that geological time, that this has gone on for a long time, and we're experiencing it in a different way. There's something that we're not seeing there. It was the largest one. And I decided to start looking at something that, to me, had -- if the earlier work of looking at the landscape had a sense of lament to what we were doing to nature, in the recycling work that you're seeing here was starting to point to a direction. And again, I started to think that -- there was another epiphany -- that the whole world I was living in was a result of having plentiful oil. What it is, it's a landscape that is an intentional one. That condition's going to be there for the next 10 to 15 years if they realize what they want, which is, you know, 400 to 500 million more people coming into the cities. And as much as there are great things around the corner -- and it's palpable in this room -- of all of the things that are just about to break that can solve so many problems, I'm really hoping that those things will spread around the world and will start to have a positive effect. And one of the ways I thought of doing it is to use my prize, so I would take 30,000 or 40,000 dollars of the winnings, and the rest is going to be to manage this project, but to use that as prizes for kids to get into their hands. They know about recycling now, but they don't really, I think, get sustainability in all the things, and the energy footprint, and how that matters.","john avlon: we're experiencing this geological time in a different way. avlon: in the recycling work that you're seeing here, it's starting to point to a direction. he says the whole world is a landscape that is an intentional one. avlon: i'm really hoping that those things will spread around the world and have a positive effect.","Accepting his 2005 TED Prize, photographer Edward Burtynsky makes a wish: that his images -- stunning landscapes that document humanity's impact on the world -- help persuade millions to join a global conversation on sustainability."
62,"What I'd like to start off with is an observation, which is that if I've learned anything over the last year, it's that the supreme irony of publishing a book about slowness is that you have to go around promoting it really fast. Because everyone these days wants to know how to slow down, but they want to know how to slow down really quickly. No, we speed them up, don't we? And even things that are by their very nature slow -- we try and speed them up too. And if you go beyond sort of the country level, down at the micro-company level, more and more companies now are realizing that they need to allow their staff either to work fewer hours or just to unplug -- to take a lunch break, or to go sit in a quiet room, to switch off their Blackberrys and laptops -- you at the back -- mobile phones, during the work day or on the weekend, so that they have time to recharge and for the brain to slide into that kind of creative mode of thought. But thankfully, there is a backlash there in parenting as well, and you're finding that, you know, towns in the United States are now banding together and banning extracurriculars on a particular day of the month, so that people can, you know, decompress and have some family time, and slow down. But the new idea, the sort of revolutionary idea, of the Slow Movement, is that there is such a thing as ""good slow,"" too. Because people at the top of the chain, people like you, I think, are starting to realize that there's too much speed in the system, there's too much busyness, and it's time to find, or get back to that lost art of shifting gears. Because I think they're looking at the West, and they're saying, ""Well, we like that aspect of what you've got, but we're not so sure about that."" So all of that said, is it, I guess, is it possible?","people want to know how to slow down, but they want to know how to slow down really quickly. there is a backlash there in parenting as well, and there is such a thing as ""good slow,"" too. john sutter: it's time to find, or get back to that lost art of shifting gears.","Journalist Carl Honoré believes the Western world's emphasis on speed erodes health, productivity and quality of life. But there's a backlash brewing, as everyday people start putting the brakes on their all-too-modern lives."
63,"I'm going to give you four specific examples, I'm going to cover at the end about how a company called Silk tripled their sales; how an artist named Jeff Koons went from being a nobody to making a whole bunch of money and having a lot of impact; to how Frank Gehry redefined what it meant to be an architect. That the success of sliced bread, like the success of almost everything we've talked about at this conference, is not always about what the patent is like, or what the factory is like -- it's about can you get your idea to spread, or not. And I think that the way you're going to get what you want, or cause the change that you want to change, to happen, is to figure out a way to get your ideas to spread. But in a world where the TV-industrial complex is broken, I don't think that's a strategy we want to use any more. I think the strategy we want to use is to not market to these people because they're really good at ignoring you. These are the people who are obsessed with something. It has a strategy, and what they do is, they enter a city, they talk to the people, with the otaku, and then they spread through the city to the people who've just crossed the street. They want to talk to the people who do, and maybe it'll spread. What you have to do is figure out what people really want and give it to them. I don't know about you, but if they build it, that's where I'm going to go.","the success of sliced bread is not always about what the patent is like, says john sutter. sutter: in a world where the TV-industrial complex is broken, we don't want to market to these people. he says the strategy we want to use is to not market to these people because they're really good at ignoring you. sutter: if you want to change the world, you have to find a way to get your idea to spread.","In a world of too many options and too little time, our obvious choice is to just ignore the ordinary stuff. Marketing guru Seth Godin spells out why, when it comes to getting our attention, bad or bizarre ideas are more successful than boring ones."
64,"Not here, not in America, not in Europe. Six-and-a-half thousand people dying a day in Africa may be Africa's crisis, but the fact that it's not on the nightly news, that we in Europe, or you in America, are not treating it like an emergency -- I want to argue with you tonight that that's our crisis. The fact is that ours is the first generation that can look disease and extreme poverty in the eye, look across the ocean to Africa, and say this, and mean it: we do not have to stand for this. But for the first time in history, we have the technology; we have the know-how; we have the cash; we have the life-saving drugs. But some of them they haven't. What I try to communicate, and you can help me if you agree, is that aid for Africa is just great value for money at a time when America really needs it. So this is what I hope that you will do, if I could be so bold, and not have it deducted from my number of wishes. That's really what I would like you to do. And I would like it to be Ethiopia. I've been to Ethiopia, as I said earlier.","john avlon: six-and-a-half thousand people die a day in africa. avlon: we have the technology; know-how; cash; life-saving drugs. avlon: you can help me if you agree that aid for Africa is great value for money. avlon: if you could be bold, i would like it to be Ethiopia. i've been there.","Musician and activist Bono accepts the 2005 TED Prize with a riveting talk, arguing that aid to Africa isn't just another celebrity cause; it's a global emergency."
65,"So, that's Kibera, the largest squatter community in Nairobi. And this is Sultanbelyi, which is one of the largest squatter communities in Istanbul. They're very polite and they don't get so forward so quickly. So, these are the cities of the future, and we have to engage them. And I was thinking this morning of the good life, and before I show you the rest of my presentation, I'm going to violate TED rules here, and I'm going to read you something from my book as quickly as I can. Once you have stayed here, you cannot go back.' And then you get Rocinha and you can see that it's getting even better. This is a typical pathway in Rocinha called a ""beco"" -- these are how you get around the community. People run their water pipes all over the place, and that little hut right there has a pump in it, and that's what people do: they steal electricity; they install a pump and they tap into the water main, and pump water up to their houses. So, I think the message I take, from what I read from the book, from what Armstrong said, and from all these people, is that these are neighborhoods.","squatters in Rocinha steal electricity, install pumps and pump water up to their houses. john avlon: these are the cities of the future, and we have to engage them. avlon: i'm going to violate TED rules here, and i'm going to read you something from my book as quickly as I can.","Robert Neuwirth, author of ""Shadow Cities,"" finds the world's squatter sites -- where a billion people now make their homes -- to be thriving centers of ingenuity and innovation. He takes us on a tour."
66,"We all bring our children into the world. And whether it is the Penan in the forests of Borneo, or the Voodoo acolytes in Haiti, or the warriors in the Kaisut desert of Northern Kenya, the Curandero in the mountains of the Andes, or a caravanserai in the middle of the Sahara -- this is incidentally the fellow that I traveled into the desert with a month ago -- or indeed a yak herder in the slopes of Qomolangma, Everest, the goddess mother of the world. And so, what I'd like to do with you today is sort of take you on a journey through the ethnosphere, a brief journey through the ethnosphere, to try to begin to give you a sense of what in fact is being lost. Now, there are many of us who sort of forget that when I say ""different ways of being,"" I really do mean different ways of being. And at the end of this amazing initiation, one day they're suddenly taken out and for the first time in their lives, at the age of 18, they see a sunrise. There's not a lot of room for either in the malarial swamps of the Asmat or in the chilling winds of Tibet, but they have, nevertheless, through time and ritual, forged a traditional mystique of the Earth that is based not on the idea of being self-consciously close to it, but on a far subtler intuition: the idea that the Earth itself can only exist because it is breathed into being by human consciousness. And then you ask them how they establish their taxonomy and they say, ""I thought you knew something about plants. Wherever you look around the world, you discover that these are not cultures destined to fade away; these are dynamic living peoples being driven out of existence by identifiable forces that are beyond their capacity to adapt to: whether it's the egregious deforestation in the homeland of the Penan -- a nomadic people from Southeast Asia, from Sarawak -- a people who lived free in the forest until a generation ago, and now have all been reduced to servitude and prostitution on the banks of the rivers, where you can see the river itself is soiled with the silt that seems to be carrying half of Borneo away to the South China Sea, where the Japanese freighters hang light in the horizon ready to fill their holds with raw logs ripped from the forest -- or, in the case of the Yanomami, it's the disease entities that have come in, in the wake of the discovery of gold. And it's within that song that we will all rediscover the possibility of being what we are: a fully conscious species, fully aware of ensuring that all peoples and all gardens find a way to flourish. (Laughter) And this, in many ways -- (Applause) -- is a symbol of the resilience of the Inuit people and of all indigenous people around the world.","the penan, a nomadic nomadic people from Southeast Asia, have been reduced to servitude and prostitution. the penan have forged a traditional mystique of the Earth that is based not on the idea of being self-consciously close to it, but on a far subtler intuition. the penan have forged a traditional mystique of the Earth that is based not on the idea of being self-consciously close to it.","With stunning photos and stories, National Geographic Explorer Wade Davis celebrates the extraordinary diversity of the world's indigenous cultures, which are disappearing from the planet at an alarming rate."
67,"So, this talk is going to be about how do we make things and what are the new ways that we're going to make things in the future. Now, TED sends you a lot of spam if you're a speaker about ""do this, do that"" and you fill out all these forms, and you don't actually know how they're going to describe you, and it flashed across my desk that they were going to introduce me as a futurist. Well, it turns out biology has this other very interesting meme, that you can take a linear string, which is a convenient thing to copy, and you can fold that into an arbitrarily complex 3D structure. Now, hopefully, those of you who know anything about graph theory can look at that, and that will satisfy you that that can also do arbitrary 3D structure, and in fact, you know, I can now take a dog, carve it up and then reassemble it so it's a linear string that will fold from a sequence. So, this sort of thinking about structure as computation and structure as information leads to other things, like this. So, I'm thinking about, how can we generalize the way we make all sorts of things, so you end up with this sort of guy, right? And I think we have to sort of redefine and rethink how we define structure and materials and assembly things, so that we can really share the information on how you do those things in a more profound way and build on each other's source code for structure. Maybe I'm getting a little too abstract, but you know, this is the sort of -- returning to our comic characters -- this is sort of the universe, or a different universe view, that I think is going to be very prevalent in the future -- from biotech to materials assembly. I've probably got a couple of minutes of questions, or I can show -- I think they also said that I do extreme stuff in the introduction, so I may have to explain that. But, you know, this is another way to look at the -- if you abstract again, this is a structure that is defined by the physics of the universe.","cnn's john sutter will give a talk on how we're going to make things in the future. sutter: we have to redefine and rethink how we define structure and materials. he says this is sort of the universe, or a different universe view, that's going to be prevalent. sutter: we have to share the information on how we make all sorts of things.","Inventor and MacArthur fellow Saul Griffith shares some innovative ideas from his lab -- from ""smart rope"" to a house-sized kite for towing large loads."
68,"It was a very old ritual that seemed symbolic of the political struggle that was changing the face of South Africa. This man was in an NGO feeding center, being helped as much as he could be helped. After the fall of Ceausescu, I went to Romania and discovered a kind of gulag of children, where thousands of orphans were being kept in medieval conditions. I spent a good deal of time with a man who lived with his family on a railway embankment and had lost an arm and a leg in a train accident. It was a story that wasn't trying to sell anything. So many children have been orphaned by the epidemic that grandmothers have taken the place of parents, and a lot of children had been born with HIV. This is an MSF hospital in Cambodia. At the time I was photographing in these different places, I thought I was covering separate stories, but on 9/11 history crystallized, and I understood I'd actually been covering a single story for more than 20 years, and the attack on New York was its latest manifestation. It was obvious that the Shi'ites were a force to be reckoned with, and we would do well to understand them and learn how to deal with them. And they went surfing.","a man who lost an arm and a leg in a train accident was in a gulag of children in Romania. on 9/11 history crystallized, and the attack on new york was its latest manifestation. the attack on new york was obvious that the Shi'ites were a force to be reckoned with.","Accepting his 2007 TED Prize, war photographer James Nachtwey shows his life's work and asks TED to help him continue telling the story with innovative, exciting uses of news photography in the digital era."
69,"We don't have that. A lot of times, when I do a talk like this, I talk about things that everybody in this room I'm sure has already heard of, but most people haven't. One of the biggest levers that we have in the developed world for changing the impact that we have on the planet is changing the way that we live in cities. But unfortunately, most of the people on the planet don't live in the cites we live in. And this is one of the things that we are looking for everywhere. And, you know, you get amazing things. You know? You get new tools for people in the developing world. You know? You know?","most of the people on the planet don't live in the cites we live in. but unfortunately, most of the people don't live in the cites we live in.","Worldchanging.com founder Alex Steffen argues that reducing humanity’s ecological footprint is incredibly vital now, as the western consumer lifestyle spreads to developing countries."
70,"What I'm going to do, in the spirit of collaborative creativity, is simply repeat many of the points that the three people before me have already made, but do them -- this is called ""creative collaboration;"" it's actually called ""borrowing"" -- but do it through a particular perspective, and that is to ask about the role of users and consumers in this emerging world of collaborative creativity that Jimmy and others have talked about. It's when the Internet combines with these kinds of passionate pro-am consumers -- who are knowledgeable; they've got the incentive to innovate; they've got the tools; they want to -- that you get this kind of explosion of creative collaboration. So this is a huge challenge to the way we think creativity comes about. Do you go into your board and say, ""Look, I've got a fantastic idea for an embryonic product in a marginal market, with consumers we've never dealt with before, and I'm not sure it's going to have a big payoff, but it could be really, really big in the future?"" This is the phrase that I've used in some stuff which I've done with a think tank in London called Demos, where we've been looking at these people who are amateurs -- i.e., they do it for the love of it -- but they want to do it to very high standards. This is open; this is closed. Well, the first thing you can say, I think with certainty, is what Yochai has said already -- is there is a great big struggle between those two organizational forms. And so the debates about copyright, digital rights, so on and so forth -- these are all about trying to stifle, in my view, these kinds of organizations. So here is one of the challenges, I think, for people like me, who do a lot of work with government. If you're a games company, and you've got a million players in your game, you only need one percent of them to be co-developers, contributing ideas, and you've got a development workforce of 10,000 people.","""creative collaboration"" is actually called ""borrowing,"" but do it through a particular perspective. when the Internet combines with passionate pro-am consumers, you get this explosion of creative collaboration. the debates about copyright, digital rights, so on and so forth are all about trying to stifle organizations.","In this deceptively casual talk, Charles Leadbeater weaves a tight argument  that innovation isn't just for professionals anymore. Passionate amateurs, using new tools, are creating products and paradigms that companies can't."
71,"This is actually quite meaningful to me, because car designers tend to be a little bit low on the totem pole -- we don't do coffee table books with just one lamp inside of it -- and cars are thought so much as a product that it's a little bit difficult to get into the aesthetic side under the same sort of terminology that one would discuss art. And so cars, as art, brings it into an emotional plane -- if you accept that -- that you have to deal with on the same level you would with art with a capital A. And they put that same kind of tension into the sculpting of a car that you do in a great sculpture that you would go and look at in a museum. Why it means you have to wash a car, what is it, that sensuality you have to touch about it? And first of all, you have to go with me for a second, and say, you know, you could take the word ""love"" out of a lot of things in our society, put the word ""design"" in, and it still works, like this quote here, you know. I think this one here, there's a pop song that really describes Philippe Starck for me, you know, this is like you know, this is like puppy love, you know, this is cool right? And this idea that there is more to love, more to design, when it gets down to your neighbor, your other, it can be physical like this, and maybe in the future it will be. So, what we did was: instead of having a staff of artists that are just your wrist, we decided to free up a team of creative designers and engineers to find out what's the successor to the SUV phenomenon in America. And if you can imagine what this is like, to have these months of postcard indication of how great this team is working, and they're out there spending all this money, and they're learning, and they're doing all this stuff. And I think we felt much closer that day, we cut a lot of strings that didn't need to be there, and we forged the concept for what real team and creativity is all about.","cnn's john sutter talks with a team of car designers and engineers about the future of the SUV. sutter: ""we decided to free up a team of creative designers and engineers to find out what's the successor to the SUV phenomenon in America"" ""we forged the concept for what real team and creativity is all about,"" he says.","American designer Chris Bangle explains his philosophy that car design is an art form in its own right, with an entertaining -- and ultimately moving -- account of the BMW Group's Deep Blue project, intended to create the SUV of the future."
72,"Because I have to say, for my whole career, if there's anything that's been consistent, it's been that you can't do it. And I've had for 30 years an interest in a series of complexities where a series of forces are brought to bear, and to understand the nature of the final result of that, representing the building itself. And I'd been extremely interested in this notion of randomness as it produces architectural work and as it definitely connects to the notion of the city, an accretional notion of the city, and that led to various ideas of organization. It became kind of an idea for the notion of the surface of a work, and it was used in a project where we could unravel that surface, and it was a figurative idea that was going to be folded and made into a very, kind of complex space. And the idea was the relationship of the space, which was made up of the fold of the image, and the dialectic or the conflict between the figuration, and the clarity of the image and the complexity of the space, which were in dialog. It has a material identity and it's translucent and it's porous, and it allows us for a very different notion of what a skin of a building is. And what we really want to do -- well, the architects, if there are architects out there, this is the Laugier Hut; this is the primitive hut that's been around for so long -- and what we wanted to do is really build this, because they see themselves as the caretakers of the world, and we wanted them to look down at their satellite, how they see their own site, that eight-acre site, and we wanted nothing left. And a project that was realized in Austria, the Hooper Bank, which again used this idea of connecting typology, the traditional buildings, and morphology, or the relationship of the development of land as an idea, into a complex, which is a piece of a city where we can see part of it is literally just this augmenting, this movement of the land that's a very simple idea of just lifting it up and occupying it, and other parts are much more energetic and intense. And talk about that intensity in terms of the collisions of the kind of events they make that have to do with putting a series of systems together, and then where part of it is in the ground, part of it is oppositional lifts. And I'm a character that's extremely interested in understanding the nature of that constructed reality because there's no such thing as nature any more.","a series of forces are brought to bear, and to understand the nature of the final result. a figurative idea that was going to be folded and made into a very, kind of complex space. a project that was realized in Austria, the Hooper Bank, is a piece of a city.","Architect Thom Mayne has never been one to take the easy option, and this whistle-stop tour of the buildings he's created makes you glad for it. These are big ideas cast in material form."
73,"Now, why do I say that this is a big problem? Well, let's first look at the probability -- and this is very, very difficult to estimate -- but there have been only four studies on this in recent years, which is surprising. You would think that it would be of some interest to try to find out more about this given that the stakes are so big, but it's a very neglected area. And if we think about this, I think it's very clear that there are ways in which we could change things, not just by eliminating negatives, but adding positives. As far as I can see, all of you are users of this enhancement technology in this room, so that's a great thing. It's just better to be able to understand more of the world around you and the people that you are communicating with, and to remember what you have learned. It's also interesting to think about what other things are -- so if these all enabled great values, why should we think that evolution has happened to provide us with all the modalities we would need to engage with other values that there might be? And they would just stare at us with bafflement when we spend time listening to a beautiful performance, like the one we just heard -- because of people making stupid movements, and they would be really irritated and wouldn't see what we were up to. If you could actually choose to preserve your romantic attachments to one person, undiminished through time, so that wouldn't have to -- love would never have to fade if you didn't want it to. And then you can imagine some enhancements of human capacities.","there have been only four studies on this topic in recent years. aaron carroll: we could change things, not just by eliminating negatives, but adding positives. he says evolution has provided us with all the modalities we would need to engage with other values. carroll: if you could choose to preserve your romantic attachments to one person, undiminished through time.",Oxford philosopher and transhumanist Nick Bostrom examines the future of humankind and asks whether we might alter the fundamental nature of humanity to solve our most intrinsic problems.
74,"And I think, a lot of times, what we do is just, sort of, hold the mirror up to our clients, and sort of go, ""Duh! And the point is when you lie in a hospital bed all day, all you do is look at the roof, and it's a really shitty experience. And another idea, again, that came from one of the nurses -- which I love -- was they took traditional, sort of, corporate white boards, then they put them on one wall of the patient's room, and they put this sticker there. So this is not particularly a new idea, kind of, seeing opportunities in things that are around you and snapping and turning them into a solution. This idea of the way that people cobble together solutions in our life -- and the things we kind of do in our environment that are somewhat subconscious but have huge potential -- is something that we look at a lot. So what is this? And putting yourself in the position of the person, and I think that's one of the threads that I've heard again from this conference is how do we put ourselves in other peoples' shoes and really feel what they feel? And I think that's what this is very much about. What do we do to start? So that's it.","a lot of times, what we do is just, sort of, hold the mirror up to our clients. a lot of times, what we do is just look at the roof, and it's a really shitty experience. putting ourselves in the position of the person is what this conference is about.","Showing a series of inspiring, unusual and playful products, British branding and design guru Paul Bennett explains that design doesn't have to be about grand gestures, but can solve small, universal and overlooked problems."
75,"And this is what this adventure's really about. (Laughter) It turns out that what this stuff is -- and Richard Dawkins has written about this -- is, this is really a river out of Eden. So, it's about the size of a little period on a sentence. Because each of us contains our entire gene code of where we've been for the past billion years, because we've evolved from that stuff, you can take that tree of life and collapse it back, and in the measure that you learn to reprogram, maybe we'll give birth to something that is very close to the first primordial ooze. And what you can do now is, you can outlay exactly what your chromosome is, and what the gene code on that chromosome is right here, and what those genes code for, and what animals they code against, and then you can tie it to the literature. They look at the same world and they say... (Laughter) That's how the same gene code -- that's why you have 30,000 genes, mice have 30,000 genes, husbands have 30,000 genes. You can make very small changes in gene code and get really different outcomes, even with the same string of letters. So, this is what a new map of the world looks like. And that's it. (Laughter) Juan Enriquez: No, I'm going to stop there and we'll do it next year because I don't want to take any of Laurie's time.","each of us contains our entire gene code of where we've been for billions of years. you can outlay exactly what your chromosome is, and what the gene code on that chromosome is. you can make very small changes in gene code and get really different outcomes.","Scientific discoveries, futurist Juan Enriquez notes, demand a shift in code, and our ability to thrive depends on our mastery of that code. Here, he applies this notion to the field of genomics."
76,"What they said to us at first was, you know, we already do biomimicry. And I said, that's what this is; this is calcium carbonate. And I said, well, in the same way that they exude a protein and it starts the crystallization -- and then they all sort of leaned in -- they let go of a protein that stops the crystallization. Now, in a group with so many IT people, I do have to mention what I'm not going to talk about, and that is that your field is one that has learned an enormous amount from living things, on the software side. But what's interesting to me is that we haven't looked at this, as much. This is the opposite; this is how we make things. Imagine being able to -- and, again, it's a templated process, and it solidifies out of a liquid process -- imagine being able to have that sort of structure coming out at room temperature. Imagine being able to create a shape on the outside of a surface, so that it's self-cleaning with just water. The one on the right is a pill bug -- pulls water out of air, does not drink fresh water. I'm not going to get to 12.","john avlon: we haven't looked at biomimicry as much; this is how we make things. avlon: imagine being able to create a shape on the outside of a surface with just water. he says we haven't looked at this, as much; this is how we make things. avlon: we need to look at biomimicry as a way to make things self-cleaning.","In this inspiring talk about recent developments in biomimicry, Janine Benyus provides heartening examples of ways in which nature is already influencing the products and systems we build."
77,"And one of those I'd like to share with you today. I went down to a remote lagoon in Australia, hoping to see the Earth the way it was three billion years ago, back before the sky turned blue. There's stromatolites down there -- the first living things to capture photosynthesis -- and it's the only place they still occur today. Going down there was like entering a time capsule, and I came out with a different sense of myself in time. And with that said, I'd like to invite you for a short, brief journey of life through time. Our journey starts in space, where matter condenses into spheres over time ... solidifying into surface, molded by fire. Once they learn how to stay upright, they grew in size and shape. Water lilies were among the first. New forms became bats. It is a new element.","cnn's richard quest went down to a lagoon in australia, hoping to see the Earth 3 billion years ago. there's stromatolites down there -- the first living things to capture photosynthesis. quest invites you for a short, brief journey of life through time.","In this stunning slideshow, celebrated nature photographer Frans Lanting presents The LIFE Project, a poetic collection of photographs that tell the story of our planet, from its eruptive beginnings to its present diversity. Soundtrack by Philip Glass."
78,"Okay. ♫ Strolling along in Central Park ♫ ♫ Everyone's out today ♫ ♫ The daisies and dogwoods are all in bloom ♫ ♫ Oh, what a glorious day ♫ ♫ For picnics and Frisbees and roller skaters, ♫ ♫ Friends and lovers and lonely sunbathers ♫ ♫ Everyone's out in merry Manhattan in January ♫ (Laughter) (Applause) ♫ I brought the iced tea; ♫ ♫ Did you bring the bug spray? ♫ ♫ The flies are the size of your head ♫ ♫ Next to the palm tree, ♫ ♫ Did you see the 'gators ♫ ♫ Looking happy and well fed? ♫ ♫ Everyone's out in merry Manhattan in January ♫ (Whistling) Everyone! (Whistling) (Laughter) ♫ My preacher said, ♫ ♫ Don't you worry ♫ ♫ The scientists have it all wrong ♫ ♫ And so, who cares it's winter here? ♫ ♫ And I have my halter-top on ♫ ♫ I have my halter-top on ♫ ♫ Everyone's out in merry Manhattan in January. ♫ (Applause) Chris Anderson: Jill Sobule!",Everyone's out in merry Manhattan in January  (Whistling) (Applause) Chris Anderson:   I have my halter-top on   Everyone's out in merry Manhattan in January.,"A happy song about global warming, from Jill Sobule."
79,"So I'm going to speak about a problem that I have and that's that I'm a philosopher. So I have to do a little bit of the sort of work that a lot of you won't like, for the same reason that you don't like to see a magic trick explained to you. But I'm not going to explain it all to you. And you say, ""Yes, and how does he do that?"" Now, how can it be that there are all those changes going on, and that we're not aware of them? And I love Canalettos, because Canaletto has this fantastic detail, and you can get right up and see all the details on the painting. You think the detail's there, but it isn't there. How many of you did it by rotating the one on the left in your mind's eye, to see if it matched up with the one on the right? And if you read that literature, one of the things that you really have to come to terms with is even when you're the subject in the experiment, you don't know. You see here the red roof and the gray roof, and in between them there will be a mask, which is just a blank screen, for about a quarter of a second.","a lot of people don't like to see a magic trick explained to them. but if you're the subject in the experiment, you don't know what's going on. if you're the subject in the experiment, you don't know what's going on.","Philosopher Dan Dennett makes a compelling argument that not only don't we understand our own consciousness, but that half the time our brains are actively fooling us."
80,"And there was the big question of, how did you copy the information? And it was at Indiana I got the impression that, you know, the gene was likely to be DNA. He was 35. I was 23. So he didn't have it. And I read it, and it was just -- it was crap. So, you know, if it didn't work this way, you might as well believe it, because you didn't have any other scheme. It was pretty obvious that it provided the information to an RNA molecule, and then how do you go from RNA to protein? (Laughter) And so I didn't really get happy until 1960, because then we found out, basically, you know, that there are three forms of RNA. Now, we don't have really any evidence of it, but I think, to give you a hypothesis, the best guess is that if you're left-handed, you're prone to schizophrenia.","bob greene: if you're left-handed, you're prone to schizophrenia. he says the best guess is that if you're left-handed, you're prone to schizophrenia. greene: if you're left-handed, you're prone to schizophrenia.","Nobel laureate James Watson opens TED2005 with the frank and funny story of how he and his research partner, Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA."
81,"And I'm happy most of the time, because I think this is the happiest species on the planet. So when you compare them to the Bonobo, the Bonobo is a little hairier. And I think that as we look at culture, we kind of come to understand how we got to where we are. This is Kanzi. He's a Bonobo. SS: This is Kanzi and I, in the forest. (Laughter) This is a smile on the face of a Bonobo. Panbanisha is longing to go for a walk in the woods. Video: This symbol is not as clear as the others, but one can see Panbanisha is trying to produce a curved line and several straight lines. We're learning that they probably have a language in the wild.",panbanisha is longing to go for a walk in the woods. he's trying to produce a curved line and several straight lines. they probably have a language in the wild.,"Savage-Rumbaugh's work with bonobo apes, which can understand spoken language and learn tasks by watching, forces the audience to rethink how much of what a species can do is determined by biology -- and how much by cultural exposure."
82,"(Laughter) I'm also a software engineer, and I make lots of different kinds of art with the computer. And I think the main thing that I'm interested in is trying to find a way of making the computer into a personal mode of expression. And many of you out there are the heads of Macromedia and Microsoft, and in a way those are my bane: I think there's a great homogenizing force that software imposes on people and limits the way they think about what's possible on the computer. Of course, it's also a great liberating force that makes possible, you know, publishing and so forth, and standards, and so on. But, in a way, the computer makes possible much more than what most people think, and my art has just been about trying to find a personal way of using the computer, and so I end up writing software to do that. Chris has asked me to do a short performance, and so I'm going to take just this time -- maybe 10 minutes -- to do that, and hopefully at the end have just a moment to show you a couple of my other projects in video form. And the idea is to visualize their speech and song behind them with a large screen. And since we know where their heads are, and we have a wireless mic on them that we're processing the sound from, we're able to create visualizations which are linked very tightly to what they're doing with their speech. I'm overtime, so I just wanted to say you can, if you're in New York, you can check out my work at the Whitney Biennial next week, and also at Bitforms Gallery in Chelsea. And with that, I think I should give up the stage, so, thank you so much.","a software engineer is trying to make the computer into a personal mode of expression. the idea is to visualize their speech and song behind them with a large screen. if you're in new york, you can check out my work at the Whitney Biennial next week.","Engineer and artist Golan Levin pushes the boundaries of what's possible with audiovisuals and technology. In an amazing TED display, he shows two programs he wrote to perform his original compositions."
83,"However, that's just the initial idea I may have that we all get when we actually look and we try to interpret. Much more -- (Drum sound) and I just feel, at last, one with the stick and one with the drum. And so what we would do is that I would put my hands on the wall of the music room, and together, we would ""listen"" to the sounds of the instruments, and really try to connect with those sounds far, far more broadly than simply depending on the ear. And so therefore, I said to them, ""Well, look, if you refuse -- if you refuse me through those reasons, as opposed to the ability to perform and to understand and love the art of creating sound -- then we have to think very, very hard about the people you do actually accept."" And of course, being the participator of the sound, and that is, starting from the idea of what type of sound I want to produce, for example, this sound: (No sound) Can you hear anything? So all of my performances are based on entirely what I experience, and not by learning a piece of music, putting on someone else's interpretation of it, buying all the CDs possible of that particular piece of music, and so on and so forth, because that isn't giving me enough of something that is so raw and so basic, and something that I can fully experience the journey of. So, because of this explosion in access to sound, especially through the Deaf community, this has not only affected how music institutions, how schools for the deaf treat sound, and not just as a means of therapy -- although, of course, being a participator of music, that definitely is the case as well -- but it's meant that acousticians have had to really think about the types of halls they put together. I cannot give you any detail as far as what is actually happening with those halls, but it's just the fact that they are going to a group of people for whom so many years, we've been saying, ""Well, how on earth can they experience music? No, I don't like that piece,"" and so on. It may be that the chemistry isn't quite right between myself and that particular piece of music, but that doesn't mean I have the right to say it's a bad piece of music.","acousticians have had to think about the types of halls they put together for the deaf. ""all of my performances are based on entirely what i experience,"" he says. acousticians have had to think about the types of halls they put together, he says.","In this soaring demonstration, deaf percussionist Evelyn Glennie illustrates how listening to music involves much more than simply letting sound waves hit your eardrums."
84,"Thank you very much. Now, I've got a story for you. When I arrived off the plane, after a very long journey from the West of England, my computer, my beloved laptop, had gone mad, and had -- oh! -- and the display on it -- anyway, the whole thing had burst. And I went to the IT guys here and a gentleman mended my computer, and then he said, ""What are you doing here?"" and I said ""I'm playing the cello and I'm doing a bit of singing,"" and he said, ""Oh, I sort of play the cello as well."" And I said, ""Do you really?"" Anyway, so you're in for a treat, because he's fantastic, and his name's Mark. (Applause) I am also joined by my partner in crime, Thomas Dolby. (Music) ♫ Strung in the wind I called you ♫ ♫ but you did not hear ... ♫ ♫ And you're a plant that needs poor soil ♫ ♫ and I have treated you too well ♫ ♫ to give up flowers ... ♫ ♫ Oh, I have been too rich for you ... ♫ ♫ Farther than the sun from me ♫ ♫ Farther than I'd have you be ♫ ♫ And I go north, I get so cold ♫ ♫ My heart is lava under stone ♫ ♫ You are not worthy ♫ ♫ You are not worthy ... ♫ ♫ With your calculating eyes ♫ ♫ spinning figures ♫ ♫ you cannot see me ♫ ♫ You cannot see me ... ♫ ♫ And if I tell myself enough ♫ ♫ I'll believe it ♫ ♫ You are not worthy ♫ ♫ The sea, it freezes over ... ♫ ♫ to trap the light ♫ ♫ And I'm in love with being in love ♫ ♫ and you were never quite the one ♫ ♫ In Gerda's eyes ♫ ♫ Fragments of what you've become ♫ ♫ And all the moths that fly at night ♫ ♫ believe electric light is bright ♫ ♫ You are not worthy ♫ ♫ You are not worthy ♫ ♫ With your calculating eyes ♫ ♫ Spinning figures ♫ ♫ You cannot see me, no ♫ ♫ And if I tell myself enough ♫ ♫ I'll believe it ♫ ♫ You are not worthy ♫ ♫ Farther than the sun from me ♫ ♫ Farther than I'd have you be ♫ ♫ And I go north, I get so cold ♫ ♫ My heart is lava under stone ♫ ♫ You are not worthy ♫ ♫ You are not worthy ♫ ♫ With your calculating eyes ♫ ♫ Spinning figures ♫ ♫ You cannot see me, no ... ♫ ♫ And if I tell myself enough, I'll believe it ♫ (Applause) Thank you very much.","cnn's mark mccartney plays cello and sings with partner in crime, Thomas dolby. mccartney: ""you are not worthy... you are not worthy... you are not worthy"" mccartney: ""if i tell myself enough   I'll believe it""","Caroline Lavelle plays the cello like a sorceress casting a spell, occasionally hiding behind her wild mane of blond hair as she sings of pastoral themes. She performs ""Farther than the Sun,"" backed by Thomas Dolby on keyboards."
85,"So, what I'm going to try and do in my lecture is go a little bit further and see if I can violate your expectations in a pleasing way. I want you to see how this illusion is constructed, and it's going to rotate so you see that it's inside out. This is what you would see. What do you see here? If you are a child under the age of 10 who haven't been ruined yet, you will look at this image and see dolphins. But in fact, if you reversed the figure ground -- in other words, the dark areas here -- I forgot to ask for a pointer -- but if you reverse it, you'll see a whole series of little dolphins. Now, something like this can be used because this is after all talk about design, too. Can you see this? You learn something in the sort of thing that I do, which is there are people out there with a lot of time on their hands. And that's something for you to think about, all right?","if you reverse the figure ground, you'll see a whole series of little dolphins. this is after all talk about design, too.","Al Seckel, an expert on illusions, explores the perceptual illusions that fool our brains. He shares loads of cool tricks to prove that not only are we easily fooled, we kind of like it."
86,"But if I had one thing to say about this, before we get to first, it would be that from the time we started building this, the big idea wasn't the technology. Over the last hundred years, we started building cars, and then over the 50 years we've connected every city to every other city in an extraordinarily efficient way, and we have a very high standard of living as a consequence of that. If five percent of that population became, quote, middle class, and wanted to go the way we've gone in the last hundred years at the same time that 50 percent of their population are moving into cities of the size and density of Manhattan, every six weeks -- it isn't sustainable environmentally; it isn't sustainable economically -- there just ain't enough oil -- and it's not sustainable politically. But rather than go license this off, which is what we normally do, it seemed to me that if we put all our effort not into the technology, but into an understanding of a world that's solved all its other problems, but has somehow come to accept that cities -- which, right back from ancient Greece on, were meant to walk around, cities that were architected and built for people -- now have a footprint that, while we've solved every other transportation problem -- and it's like Moore's law. So you wonder, what if cities could give to their pedestrians what we take for granted as we now go between cities? What if it would make it a little bit more palatable to have access via this, as that last link to mass transit, to get out to your cars so we can all live in the suburbs and use our cars the way we want, and then have our cities energized again? Or maybe we should be out in the street in front of a Greyhound bus or a vehicle. But if I could ask you to do one thing, it's not to think about it as a piece of technology, but just imagine that, although we all understand somehow that it's reasonable that we use our 4,000-pound machine, which can go 60 miles an hour, that can bring you everywhere you want to go, and somehow it's also what we used for the last mile, and it's broken, and it doesn't work. (Applause) The bottom line is, whether you believe the United Nations, or any of the other think tanks -- in the next 20 years, all human population growth on this planet will be in cities. So if we put this box on here in a few years, could we have a solution to transportation, electricity, and communication, and maybe drinkable water in a sustainable package that weighs 60 pounds?","john avlon: from the time we started building this, the big idea wasn't the technology. avlon: it's not sustainable environmentally; it's not sustainable economically. avlon: if we put all our effort not into the technology, it's like Moore's law. avlon: if we put all our effort into an understanding of a world that's solved other problems.",Inventor Dean Kamen lays out his argument for the Segway and offers a peek into his next big ideas (portable energy and water purification for developing countries).
87,"(Laughter) So this is a mantis shrimp. And so what we did is, we took a look at these videos, and we measured how fast the limb was moving to get back to that original question. (Laughter) So, this -- what I saw, on every single mantis shrimp limb, whether it's a spearer or a smasher, is a beautiful saddle-shaped structure right on the top surface of the limb. And then we did a series of calculations, and what we were able to show is that these mantis shrimp have to have a spring. So we thought, OK, this must be a spring -- the saddle could very well be a spring. And so all I had to do was actually put a little shrimp paste on the front of the load cell, and they'd smash away at it. And so this is just a regular video of the animal just smashing the heck out of this load cell. And what that is, is cavitation. So this is a potent force in fluid systems, and just to sort of take it one step further, I'm going to show you the mantis shrimp approaching the snail. And what they do is, up until that time period when they can't strike, they become really obnoxious and awful, and they strike everything in sight; it doesn't matter who or what.",mantis shrimp have a saddle-shaped structure on every single limb. mantis shrimp have to have a spring. cavitation is a potent force in fluid systems.,"Biologist Sheila Patek talks about her work measuring the feeding strike of the mantis shrimp, one of the fastest movements in the animal world, using video cameras recording at 20,000 frames per second."
88,"This song is one of Thomas' favorites, called ""What You Do with What You've Got."" ♫ You must know someone like him ♫ ♫ He was tall and strong and lean ♫ ♫ With a body like a greyhound ♫ ♫ and a mind so sharp and keen ♫ ♫ But his heart, just like laurel ♫ ♫ grew twisted around itself ♫ ♫ Till almost everything he did ♫ ♫ brought pain to someone else ♫ ♫ It's not just what you're born with ♫ ♫ It's what you choose to bear ♫ ♫ It's not how big your share is ♫ ♫ It's how much you can share ♫ ♫ It's not the fights you dreamed of ♫ ♫ It's those you really fought ♫ ♫ It's not what you've been given ♫ ♫ It's what you do with what you've got ♫ ♫ What's the use of two strong legs ♫ ♫ if you only run away? ♫ ♫ And what's the use of the finest voice ♫ ♫ if you've nothing good to say? ♫ ♫ What's the use of strength and muscle ♫ ♫ if you only push and shove? ♫ ♫ And what's the use of two good ears ♫ ♫ if you can't hear those you love? ♫ ♫ What's the use of two strong legs ♫ ♫ if you only run away? ♫ ♫ And what's the use of the finest voice ♫ ♫ if you've nothing good to say? ♫ ♫ What's the use of strength and muscle ♫ ♫ if you only push and shove? ♫ ♫ And what's the use of two good ears ♫ ♫ if you can't hear those you love? ♫ ♫ Between those who use their neighbors ♫ ♫ and those who use the cane ♫ ♫ Between those in constant power ♫ ♫ and those in constant pain ♫ ♫ Between those who run to glory ♫ ♫ and those who cannot run ♫ ♫ Tell me which ones are the cripples ♫ ♫ and which ones touch the sun ♫ ♫ Which ones touch the sun ♫ ♫ Which ones touch the sun ♫ (Applause) Thank you very much.",what's the use of strength and muscle   if you only push and shove? what's the use of two strong legs   if you only run away? what's the use of two good ears   if you can't hear those you love?,"Singer/songwriter Eddi Reader performs ""What You Do With What You've Got,"" a meditation on a very TED theme: how to use your gifts and talents to make a difference. With Thomas Dolby on piano."
89,"Who is God? Who is God in all this?"" So we have a suffering God -- a God who is intimately connected with this world and with every living soul. But if God can or will do these things -- intervene to change the flow of events -- then surely he could have stopped the tsunami. Maybe God doesn't do things at all. What if God doesn't do things at all? In the end, we have to say, ""I don't know."" If we knew, God would not be God. When I stood up to speak to my people about God and the tsunami, I had no answers to offer them. But in the end, the only thing I could say for sure was, ""I don't know,"" and that just might be the most profoundly religious statement of all.","frida ghitis: we have a suffering God who could have stopped the tsunami. ghitis: if God can or will do these things, surely he could have stopped the tsunami. she says if we knew, God would not be God. ghitis: if we knew, God would not be God.","In the days following the tragic South Asian tsunami of 2004, the Rev. Tom Honey pondered the question, ""How could a loving God have done this?"" Here is his answer."
90,"And a sea that's just filled and teeming with jellyfish isn't very good for all the other creatures that live in the oceans, that is, unless you eat jellyfish. Now this is typically how you see sunfish, this is where they get their common name. So I was just intrigued with what -- you know, what is this animal's story? Now I don't know how you'd feed a child like that but -- we don't know how fast the Molas grow in the wild, but captive growth studies at the Monterey Bay Aquarium -- one of the first places to have them in captivity -- they had one that gained 800 lbs in 14 months. How do you do that with an animal -- very few places in the world. So the great thing about the Mola is that when we put the tag on them -- if you look up here -- that's streaming off, that's right where we put the tag. And we'd love to tag here -- this is an aerial shot of Monterey -- but unfortunately, the Molas here end up looking like this because another one of our locals really likes Molas but in the wrong way. And I'm not exaggerating, it is just -- and sometimes they don't eat them, it's just spiteful. And this is a day in the life of a Mola, and if we -- they're up and down, and up and down, and up and down, and up and up and down, up to 40 times a day. This is part of a much larger program called the Census of Marine Life, where they're going to be tagging all over the world and the Mola's going to enter into that.",the Monterey bay aquarium is one of the first places to have them in captivity. captive growth studies have shown one gained 800 lbs in 14 months. the census of marine life is going to be tagging all over the world.,"Marine biologist Tierney Thys asks us to step into the water to visit the world of the Mola mola, or giant ocean sunfish. Basking, eating jellyfish and getting massages, this behemoth offers clues to life in the open sea."
91,"But, you know, we've just come from this discussion of what a bird might be. Someone heard the six hours of talk that I gave called ""The Monticello Dialogues"" on NPR, and sent me this as a thank you note -- ""We realize that design is a signal of intention, but it also has to occur within a world, and we have to understand that world in order to imbue our designs with inherent intelligence, and so as we look back at the basic state of affairs in which we design, we, in a way, need to go to the primordial condition to understand the operating system and the frame conditions of a planet, and I think the exciting part of that is the good news that's there, because the news is the news of abundance, and not the news of limits, and I think as our culture tortures itself now with tyrannies and concerns over limits and fear, we can add this other dimension of abundance that is coherent, driven by the sun, and start to imagine what that would be like to share."" So what are our intentions, and what would our intentions be -- if we wake up in the morning, we have designs on the world -- well, what would our intention be as a species now that we're the dominant species? So we use the tools of commerce primarily for our work, but the question we bring to it is, how do we love all the children of all species for all time? Because it's the thing that's happening because we have no other plan. Which part of this don't you like? Now if I was a bird, the building on my left is a liability. When I went to Yale, we had the first energy crisis, and I was designing the first solar-heated house in Ireland as a student, which I then built -- which would give you a sense of my ambition. Now if we look at the word ""competition,"" I'm sure most of you've used it. Here it is.","john avlon: if we wake up in the morning, we have designs on the world. avlon: what would our intention be as a species now that we're the dominant species? he says we use tools of commerce primarily for our work. avlon: if we were a bird, the building on my left is a liability.","Green-minded architect and designer William McDonough asks what our buildings and products would look like if designers took into account ""all children, all species, for all time."""
92,"So this is some of the challenge that we have here, is you can see that it's actually kind of hard to get the -- there we go. Now what I would like to do is just to show you what one second of this activity would look like. In fact, many of the organizations that are here -- the Acumen Fund, I think ApproTEC we have running, I'm not sure if that one's up yet -- and many of the people who have presented here are running through Google Grants. And Sergey mentioned Orkut, which is something that, you know, Orkut wanted to do in his time, and we call this -- at Google, we've embodied this as ""the 20 percent time,"" and the idea is, for 20 percent of your time, if you're working at Google, you can do what you think is the best thing to do. And I think many other things in the world also have come out of this. And this was kind of a surprise to me, but we found that as long as you keep the 100 things in your head, which you did by writing them down, that you could do a pretty good job deciding what to do and where to put your resources. This is another example of a project that somebody at Google was really passionate about, and they just, they got going, and it's really, really a great product, and really taking off. But all of these -- well, these were all sort of innovative things that we did that -- you know, we try many, many different things in our company. And so we'd say, you know, ""Did you mean 'search for'"" -- what is this, in this case, ""Saddam Hussein,"" because this blog is about Iraq -- and you know, in addition to the ads, and we thought this would be a great idea. I wanted to end just by saying that there's a couple things that really make me excited to be involved with Google, and one of those is that we're able to make money largely through advertising, and one of the benefits that I didn't expect from that was that we're able to serve everyone in the world without worrying about, you know, places that don't have as much money.","many of the organizations that are here are running through Google Grants. the idea is, for 20 percent of your time, if you're working at google, you can do what you think is the best thing to do. google is able to make money largely through advertising.","Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin offer a peek inside the Google machine, sharing tidbits about international search patterns, the philanthropic Google Foundation, and the company's dedication to innovation and employee happiness."
93,"(Laughter) They are. They listen and mimic and remix what they like. I mean, if you can talk it, a mockingbird can squawk it. I'll put a mockingbird on a late-night train just to get an old man snoring. I'll get your ex-lover telling someone else, ""Good morning."" (Laughter) It is the voice of life that calls us to come and learn. And I'm on this. Everybody asking, just who is responsible for this citywide, nationwide mockingbird cacophony, and somebody finally is going to tip the City Council of Monterey, California off to me, and they'll offer me a key to the city. A gold-plated, oversized key to the city and that is all I need, 'cause if I get that, I can unlock the air. I'll listen for what's missing, and I'll put it there.","bob greene: Monterey, california, has a nationwide mockingbird cacophony. he says if he gets a key to the city, he can unlock the air. greene: a gold-plated, oversized key to the city is all he needs.",Rives recaps the most memorable moments of TED2006 in the free-spirited rhyming verse of a fantastical mockingbird lullaby.
94,"This is about a place in London called Kiteflyer's Hill where I used to go and spend hours going ""When is he coming back? But this is ""Kiteflyer's Hill."" It's been a blessing singing for you. ♫ Do you remember when we used to go ♫ ♫ up to Kiteflyer's Hill? ♫ ♫ Those summer nights, so still ♫ ♫ with all of the city beneath us ♫ ♫ and all of our lives ahead ♫ ♫ before cruel and foolish words ♫ ♫ were cruelly and foolishly said ♫ ♫ Some nights I think of you ♫ ♫ and then I go up ♫ ♫ on Kiteflyer's Hill ♫ ♫ wrapped up against the winter chill ♫ ♫ And somewhere in the city beneath me ♫ ♫ you lie asleep in your bed ♫ ♫ and I wonder if ever just briefly ♫ ♫ do I creep in your dreams now and then ♫ ♫ Where are you now? ♫ ♫ And do you think of me sometimes ♫ ♫ up on Kiteflyer's Hill? ♫ ♫ Oh, I pray you one day will ♫ ♫ We won't say a word ♫ ♫ We won't need them ♫ ♫ Sometimes silence is best ♫ ♫ We'll just stand in the still of the evening ♫ ♫ and whisper farewell to loneliness ♫ ♫ Where are you now? ♫ ♫ Where are you now? Where are you now? ♫ ♫ Where are you now?","do you think of me sometimes   up on Kiteflyer's Hill?   Oh, I pray you one day will   We won't say a word   We won't need them   Sometimes silence is best.","Singer/songwriter Eddi Reader performs ""Kiteflyer's Hill,"" a tender look back at a lost love. With Thomas Dolby on piano."
95,"Now of course, we know that he didn't really mean that, but in this country at the moment, you can't be too careful. If you want to know what I have to say about Darwinism itself, I'm afraid you're going to have to look at my books, which you won't find in the bookstore outside. There is an effective evolution lobby coordinating the fight on behalf of science, and I try to do all I can to help them, but they get quite upset when people like me dare to mention that we happen to be atheists as well as evolutionists. Because you're not."" Darwin said, ""I have never been an atheist in the same sense of denying the existence of a God. Darwin thought that atheism might be well and good for the intelligentsia, but that ordinary people were not, quote, ""ripe for it."" Like God. You would strictly have to be agnostic about whether there is a teapot in orbit about Mars, but that doesn't mean you treat the likelihood of its existence as on all fours with its non-existence. If you want to believe one particular one of them -- unicorns or tooth fairies or teapots or Yahweh -- the onus is on you to say why. (Laughter) If you're one of them, and of course many of you may not be, but if you are one of them, I'm asking you to stop being polite, come out, and say so.","gene seymour: Darwin didn't mean that ordinary people weren't ""ripe for"" evolution. he says if you want to believe one particular one of them, the onus is on you to say why. seymour: if you're one of them, don't be polite, come out, and say so.","Richard Dawkins urges all atheists to openly state their position -- and to fight the incursion of the church into politics and science. A fiery, funny, powerful talk."
96,"But something's happened in the last 18 years since Richard started TED, and that's that people like us -- I know people in other places have caught onto this for a long time, but for us, we've really just started ... we've kind of climbed Maslow's hierarchy a little bit -- and so we're now focused more and more on human-centered design, human-centeredness in an approach to design. I have a few of them -- they're no more than a minute or a minute-and-a-half apiece -- but I thought you might be interested in seeing some of our work over the last year, and how it responds in video. We can put that up on a touch screen and you can play with that, and get more information about the clothing that you're interested in as you're trying it on. So you can see what you look like from the back or all the way around, as you look. And so you can see that the goal is to bring some of the feedback that the people who had gone to the museum were giving, and get it up on the wall so everybody could see. So we thought, well, wouldn't it be fun to get together with some of the smartest design guys in the world and try to figure out if we could make the cubicle better? So you feel that in your cubicle. So you can get the information on the front side, but as they rotate, you can see the actual recycling plant behind, with all the machines as they actually process the water. We also were thinking about the experience of Richard, and so -- (Laughter) -- we designed this hat, because I knew I'd be the last one in the day and I needed to deal with him. And in my own practice, from product to ApproTEC, it's really exciting that we're taking a more human-centered approach to design, that we're including behaviors and personalities in the things we do, and I think this is great.","TED's ""human-centeredness"" is a new approach to design. a touch screen allows users to see what they look like from the back or all the way around. ""it's really exciting that we're taking a more human-centered approach to design""","IDEO's David Kelley says that product design has become much less about the hardware and more about the user experience. He shows video of this new, broader approach, including footage from the Prada store in New York."
97,"Basically, there's a major demographic event going on. So the world now is a map of connectivity. What we have now is the end of the rise of the West. So what's really going on? Well, villages of the world are emptying out. And here's the unromantic truth -- and the city air makes you free, they said in Renaissance Germany. One-sixth of the GDP in India is coming out of Mumbai. They are constantly upgrading, and in a few cases, the government helps. It's soon going to be more than that. Here it is in perspective.",one-sixth of the GDP in india is coming out of Mumbai. it's soon going to be more than that.,"Rural villages worldwide are being deserted, as billions of people flock to cities to live in teeming squatter camps and slums. Stewart Brand says this is a good thing. Why? It'll take you 3 minutes to find out."
98,"So what I'm going to talk about is why we don't have a good brain theory, why it is important that we should develop one and what we can do about it. (Laughter) So what happened was, when I was young and got out of engineering school at Cornell in '79, I went to work for Intel and was in the computer industry, and three months into that, I fell in love with something else. I said, look: We have all this knowledge about brains -- how hard can it be? But I'm doing it now, and I'm going to tell you about it. So why don't we have a good theory of brains? But, you know what? And all the time you say, ""Oh, I can predict things,"" so if you're a rat and you go through a maze, and you learn the maze, next time you're in one, you have the same behavior. I don't have time to explain, but to understand how a brain works, you have to understand how the first part of the mammalian neocortex works, how it is we store patterns and make predictions. First of all, we have to have the right framework. If you don't build it, you don't understand it.","bob greene: why don't we have a good brain theory? he says to understand how a brain works, you have to understand how it stores patterns. he says if you don't build it, you don't understand it. if you don't build it, you don't understand it. greene: to understand how a brain works, you have to understand how it stores patterns.","Treo creator Jeff Hawkins urges us to take a new look at the brain -- to see it not as a fast processor, but as a memory system that stores and plays back experiences to help us predict, intelligently, what will happen next."
99,"But I just wanted to say -- and I mean this without irony -- I think I can speak for everybody in the audience when I say that I wish to God that you were the President of the United States. And if the -- if the conference is anywhere near this distressing, then we're going to have a scream bag next year. (Laughter) Now -- (Laughter) one of the things that is very important to me is to try and figure out what on Earth am I here for. I'll tell you a little bit about the design parameters, and then I'll show it to you in person. And here it is, the $100 computer. And we -- we wanted just to show you what this might look like in situ. TR: Now it's a little hard to hear the whole message, so I wanted to -- (Laughter) so I wanted to help you a little bit. So first, one of the problems with Monterey is that if there is global warming and Greenland melts as you say, the ocean level is going to rise 20 feet and flood the hell out of the convention center. (Laughter) If we put up the ELMO for a moment -- if we put up the ELMO, then we'll get, you know, I'll give you a model that you can work from, OK? (Laughter) 3.1415, 2657, 753, 8567, 24972 -- -- 85871, 25871, 3928, 5657, 2592, 5624.","if the conference is anywhere near this distressing, then we're going to have a scream bag next year. one of the problems with Monterey is that if there is global warming, the ocean level is going to rise 20 feet. if we put up the ELMO for a moment, then we'll get a model that you can work from.","Satirist Tom Rielly delivers a wicked parody of the 2006 TED conference, taking down the $100 laptop, the plight of the polar bear, and people who mention, one too many times, that they work at Harvard. Watch for a special moment between Tom and Al Gore."
100,"To prove to you that it's really text, and not an image, we can do something like so, to really show that this is a real representation of the text; it's not a picture. If you want to see the features of this car, you can see it here. Some are much more spatial. I would like to jump straight to one of Noah's original data-sets -- this is from an early prototype that we first got working this summer -- to show you what I think is really the punch line behind the Photosynth technology, It's not necessarily so apparent from looking at the environments we've put up on the website. And so these are all Flickr images, and they've all been related spatially in this way. We can just navigate in this very simple way. (Applause) (Applause ends) You know, I never thought that I'd end up working at Microsoft. What the point here really is is that we can do things with the social environment. If somebody bothered to tag all of these saints and say who they all are, then my photo of Notre Dame Cathedral suddenly gets enriched with all of that data, and I can use it as an entry point to dive into that space, into that meta-verse, using everybody else's photos, and do a kind of a cross-modal and cross-user social experience that way. And of course, a by-product of all of that is immensely rich virtual models of every interesting part of the Earth, collected not just from overhead flights and from satellite images and so on, but from the collective memory.","photosynth's photosynth technology can be used to show text, not an image. Noah: ""we can do things with the social environment"" photosynth's data-sets are all related spatially in this way. ""we can just navigate in this very simple way,"" says Noah.","Blaise Aguera y Arcas leads a dazzling demo of Photosynth, software that could transform the way we look at digital images. Using still photos culled from the Web, Photosynth builds breathtaking dreamscapes and lets us navigate them."
101,"And so I think the tempting analogy for the boom-bust that we just went through with the Internet is a gold rush. But you had the same thing with the Gold Rush. In fact it was so bad that most of the horses died before they could get where they were going. And, but it really -- it got the electricity. But that is not the -- and that's not the part that's really most similar to the Web. And this was huge. This is -- you guys know what this is. Because, you know, resilience -- if you think of it in terms of the Gold Rush, then you'd be pretty depressed right now because the last nugget of gold would be gone. In 1999: ""Amazon.bomb."" (Laughter) She -- but you know, if you really do believe that it's the very, very beginning, if you believe it's the 1908 Hurley washing machine, then you're incredibly optimistic.","the gold rush was so bad that most horses died before they could get where they were going. bob greene: it's not the part that's really most similar to the Web. he says if you think of it in terms of the gold rush, you'd be pretty depressed. greene: if you believe it's the 1908 Hurley washing machine, then you're optimistic.",The dot-com boom and bust is often compared to the Gold Rush. But Amazon.com founder Jeff Bezos says it's more like the early days of the electric industry.
102,I went to Aspen recently and stumbled into this song. ♫ It's a winter wonderland ♫ ♫ in the belly of the beast. ♫ ♫ And black men ski. ♫ ♫ Black men ski. ♫ ♫ We can tell you how cool looks ♫ ♫ but cannot show you how it feels ♫ ♫ when black men ski. ♫ ♫ Black men now are students ♫ ♫ of gay sensibility. ♫ ♫ Black men ski. ♫ ♫ Black men ski. ♫ Black men ski. ♫ ♫ Black men ski.,black men ski.   Black men ski.   Black men ski.   Black men ski.   Black men ski.,What happens when a black man visits Aspen? Singer/songwriter Stew and his band are about to let you know.
103,"We tend to do any technology that we think is sufficiently important; we'll typically do it twice. And these are the inflection points that tell you what the next chapter in that technology's life is going to be, and maybe how you can do something about it. I'd like to demonstrate what I mean by this by telling the story of the DVD, which is a technology which has done all of these. The DVD, as you know, was introduced in the mid-1990s and it was quite expensive. I'd like to talk about some other technologies out there, just technologies on our radar -- and I'll use this lens, these four, as a way to kind of tell you where each one of those technologies is in its development. Here's another technology that's approaching a critical price. And the falling price of drugs has a lot to do with that. And if you look at the trends here, by about 2008 -- and I don't think this is a crazy forecast -- they'll be two percent of auto sales. And once you have electric motors, you can do anything: you can change the structure of the car in any way you want. And what's interesting is that it was just 1990 when it was more than two dollars a minute.","we tend to do any technology that we think is sufficiently important; we'll typically do it twice. john sutter: the DVD, as you know, was introduced in the mid-1990s and it was quite expensive. he says the falling price of drugs has a lot to do with that; by about 2008, they'll be two percent of auto sales. sutter: electric motors can change the structure of the car in any way you want.","Chris Anderson, then the editor of Wired, explores the four key stages of any viable technology: setting the right price, gaining market share, displacing an established technology and, finally, becoming ubiquitous."
104,"And if there is one tremendous -- if there is one great catastrophe about the places that we've built, the human environments we've made for ourselves in the last 50 years, it is that it has deprived us of the ability to live in a hopeful present. These will be places that are not worth caring about. When we have enough of them, we're going to have a nation that's not worth defending. (Laughter) You know, you don't have to have a Kwanzaa festival. It wasn't Pei and Cobb, another firm designed this, but there's not enough Prozac in the world to make people feel OK about going down this block. And that's it. And we're not going to cure the problems of the urban by dragging the country into the city, which is what a lot of us are trying to do all the time. And so what you see fairly early, in the mid-19th century, is this idea that we now have to have an antidote to the industrial city, which is going to be life in the country for everybody. We're going to have -- (Applause) -- we're going to have to live closer to where we work. We're going to have to re-learn what the building blocks of these things are: the street, the block, how to compose public space that's both large and small, the courtyard, the civic square and how to really make use of this property.",we're not going to cure the problems of the urban by dragging the country into the city. we're going to have to re-learn what the building blocks of these things are. we're going to have to live closer to where we work.,"In James Howard Kunstler's view, public spaces should be inspired centers of civic life and the physical manifestation of the common good. Instead, he argues, what we have in America is a nation of places not worth caring about."
105,♫ Like the heather ♫ ♫ on the hillside ♫ ♫ as they drove us ♫ ♫ from the Highlands ♫ ♫ Like the ice flow ♫ ♫ from the Arctic ♫ ♫ where we landed ♫ ♫ in Newfoundland ♫ ♫ There's a color ♫ ♫ to my sorrow ♫ ♫ There's a name for ♫ ♫ all this sadness ♫ ♫ Like the ocean ♫ ♫ in between us ♫ ♫ I am blue ♫ ♫ Blue is a river ♫ ♫ Blue remembered ♫ ♫ Blue water ♫ ♫ running clear ♫ ♫ Blue like a planet ♫ ♫ to a spaceman ♫ ♫ Blue river ♫ ♫ of my tears ♫ (Fiddle and synthesizer) ♫ So I came here ♫ ♫ to the city ♫ ♫ where the dream burns ♫ ♫ like a furnace ♫ ♫ And I dazzled ♫ ♫ in these dark streets ♫ ♫ like a diamond ♫ ♫ in a coalface ♫ ♫ Then the cold wind ♫ ♫ from the islands ♫ ♫ blew a storm cloud ♫ ♫ across the new moon ♫ ♫ Like the gun smoke ♫ ♫ above the houses ♫ ♫ in my home ♫ ♫ Blue is a river ♫ ♫ Blue remembered ♫ ♫ Blue water ♫ ♫ running clear ♫ ♫ Blue like a planet ♫ ♫ to a spaceman ♫ ♫ Blue river ♫ ♫ of my tears ♫ ♫ Blue river ♫ ♫ of my tears ♫ (Fiddle and synthesizer) (Applause),blue is a river   Blue remembered   Blue water   running clear   Blue like a planet   to a spaceman   Blue river   of my tears  (Applause),"Violinist Natalie MacMaster and TED Musical Director Thomas Dolby play Dolby's original song ""Blue Is a River"" in this ethereal duet -- with a little dancing."
106,"Thomas Dolby: For pure pleasure please welcome the lovely, the delectable, and the bilingual Rachelle Garniez. (Applause) (Bells) (Trumpet) Rachelle Garniez: ♫ Quand il me prend dans ses bras ♫ ♫ Il me parle tout bas, ♫ ♫ Je vois la vie en rose. ♫ ♫ Il me dit des mots d'amour, ♫ ♫ Des mots de tous les jours, ♫ ♫ Et ca me fait quelque chose. ♫ ♫ Il est entre dans mon coeur ♫ ♫ Une part de bonheur ♫ ♫ Dont je connais la cause. ♫ ♫ C'est lui pour moi. Moi pour lui ♫ ♫ Dans la vie, ♫ ♫ Il me l'a dit, l'a jure [pour] la vie. ♫ ♫ Et des que je l'apercois ♫ ♫ Alors je sens en moi ♫ ♫ Mon coeur qui bat ♫ (Applause)","Rachelle Garniez: 'when il me prend dans ses bras   Il me dit des mots d'amour,   Des mots de tous les jours,   Et ca me fait quelque chose'   Il est entre dans mon coeur   Une part de bonheur   Dont je connais la cause.   C'est lui pour moi. Moi pour lui   Il me l'a dit, l'","Featuring the vocals and mischievous bell-playing of accordionist and singer Rachelle Garniez, the TED House Band -- led by Thomas Dolby on keyboard -- delivers this delightful rendition of the Edith Piaf standard ""La Vie en Rose."""
107,"So we said, what is -- KA: It was not an inclusive group? And we also, frankly, knew that if it didn't happen by the end of the Giuliani administration, then everyone who we were dealing with at the DOT and the Police Department and all of the -- we were meeting with 20 or 30 people with the city at a time, and it was set up by the Office of Emergency Management. So the first thing we had to do was find a way to get this -- we had to work with the families of the victims, through the city, to make sure that they knew this was happening. And I think this was the 21st, and we knew this had to be built and up by the 28th. There was no sense of the fact that this is next to Saint Paul -- that this is really a place that needs to be kind of dignified, and a place to reflect and remember. And I think people were amazed at two things -- I think they were amazed at the destruction, but I think there was a sense of disbelief about the heroics of New Yorkers that I found very moving. DR: Well here's the issue: we knew that this was not in the sense of -- we think about the site, and think about the need for a memorial. DR: No, I don't think so. What's interesting now is the nature of the site has totally changed, so that what you're aware of is not just the destruction of the buildings in Ground Zero, but all of the buildings around it -- and the scars on the building around it, which are enormous. DR: It was an honor to do.","KA: ""there was no sense that this is really a place that needs to be kind of dignified"" KA: ""there was a sense of disbelief about the heroics of New Yorkers""","In this emotionally charged conversation with journalist Kurt Andersen, designer David Rockwell discusses the process of building a viewing platform at Ground Zero shortly after 9/11."
108,"SP: You don't put 150,000 troops in there, and say we're there to create democracy. There they are! And you know, Paul was talking, and he then turned to Constance and said, ""You know, I wouldn't have this conversation if she weren't here, because I know she has my back."" So, I wanted to say, Paul, I'm happy you're here, because I know you have my back. So you get to experience that in real time, right? Now, the news footage I put in there to try to show -- you know, I think mainstream media tries to do the best they can in the format that they have. But the thing that I know you all have heard a lot of times, American soldiers saying, ""Why don't they talk about the good stuff that we do?"" And for me, one of the most profound stories someone shared with me, that then became my story, was -- for those of you who haven't seen the film, and it's not a spoiler -- it's very common there are a lot of civilian accidents, where people get in front of Humvees and they get killed. So when I talk about a disconnect, it's not only for maybe those people who don't know a soldier, which there obviously are. You can go for days here and not feel like there's a war going on.","""why don't they talk about the good stuff that we do?"" ""why don't they talk about the good stuff that we do?"" ""you can go for days here and not feel like there's a war going on,"" he says.","Filmmaker Deborah Scranton talks about and shows clips from her documentary The War Tapes, which puts cameras in the hands of soldiers fighting in Iraq."
109,"I was having lunch with him just a few minutes ago, and a Nigerian journalist comes -- and this will only make sense if you've ever watched a James Bond movie -- and a Nigerian journalist comes up to him and goes, ""Aha, we meet again, Mr. (Laughter) Like, what have I got to say about all this? Which it isn't really, is it? What we know about how to be who we are comes from stories. If you want to know about Africa, read our literature -- and not just ""Things Fall Apart,"" because that would be like saying, ""I've read 'Gone with the Wind' and so I know everything about America."" So, what it says to me then is that it's not really -- the problem isn't really the stories that are being told or which stories are being told, the problem really is the terms of humanity that we're willing to bring to complicate every story, and that's really what it's all about. It makes sense now when I think about it, because if you'd known my father, you would've wanted to poison him too. I grew up very privileged, and it's important to talk about privilege, because we don't talk about it here. To be so afraid that you're standing in the face of a death you can't escape and that you're soiling yourself and crying, but to say in that moment, as Fraser says to Idris, ""Tell my girlfriend I love her."" I want to believe that we can be agnostic about this, that we can rise above all of this.","john sutter: what we know about how to be who we are comes from stories. he says the problem isn't the stories that are being told, but the terms of humanity. sutter: if you'd known my father, you would've wanted to poison him too. he says we can be agnostic about this, that we can rise above all of this.","In this deeply personal talk, Nigerian writer Chris Abani says that ""what we know about how to be who we are"" comes from stories. He searches for the heart of Africa through its poems and narrative, including his own."
110,"And they go over all this -- I'm going to try to be a little more serious this year in showing you how things really changed. And this is where we are today. And this was 2007. We have a function here -- I can tell the world, ""Stay where you are."" I think we have to go, there -- we have 2001, or 2002 -- the United States has the same health as Chile. And this is the same thing, money down there, and health, you know? And there we are, 2001. You can do this. But you can do that. We can have a good world.","bob greene: we have 2001, or 2002, the same health as Chile. he says we can have a good world, but we have to go back to 2001. greene: we can have a good world, but we have to go back to 2001.","Researcher Hans Rosling uses his cool data tools to show how countries are pulling themselves out of poverty. He demos Dollar Street, comparing households of varying income levels worldwide. Then he does something really amazing."
111,"But this is about Africa, the story we have not heard. A part of my talk is going to be about investment opportunities that exist on this continent, to separate the rhetoric from the reality, the fact from the fiction. The lesson from that was that it was Africa -- an African story -- that was used to share news with the rest of the world of what the benchmark can be for corporate turnarounds. And the Siwa Oasis is famous for several things, but the key thing is that it was the place that Alexander the Great went to when he wanted to find out what his destiny had in store for him. And while Africa may be dark, the thing that brought the message home to me was that this is the challenge we are facing, but it's also the opportunity. Because whilst Africa may be dark -- other than the few specks that exist north and in the south and other areas -- it's aglow with the light in the hearts of the millions of people that are there. And the first myth to dispel is that Africa is not a country. But the story of Africa, and my focus, is beyond South Africa because there's so much happening. I want to talk about it from the perspective of capital markets. This time [I'll] give you the entire picture that I saw in 2002, and ask you that when you think about what your role can be in Africa, think about your journey in terms of bringing light to this continent.","the siwa oasis is famous for several things, but the key thing is that it was the place that Alexander the Great went to when he wanted to find out what his destiny had in store for him. while Africa may be dark, it's aglow with the light in the hearts of the millions of people that are there.",South African investment banker Euvin Naidoo explains why investing in Africa can make great business sense.
112,"We all have come from a long way, here in Africa, and converged in this region of Africa, which is a place where 90 percent of our evolutionary process took place. And I say that not because I am African, but it's in Africa that you find the earliest evidence for human ancestors, upright walking traces, even the first technologies in the form of stone tools. Because it's only when you do that, that you can talk about -- (Laughter) -- it's only when you do that, [that] you can talk about how we looked like and how we behaved at different times, and how those likes and looks and behaviors changed through time. Of course, they cannot, but I'm telling you already that the environment and the carrying capacity of this region was drastically different from what we have today. But to do that, you need the permanent dentition, which you don't see here, because what you have here are the baby teeth. And to know how old she was when she died, what you do is you do an informed estimate, and you say, how much time would be required to form this amount of teeth, and the answer was three. So, with all that information, the big question is -- what do we actually -- what does she tell us? What do we actually know about our ancestors? Of course, in addition to extracting this huge amount of scientific information as to what makes us human, you know, the many human ancestors that have existed over the past six million years -- and there are more than 10 -- they did not have the knowledge, the technology and sophistications that we, Homo sapiens, have today. So finally, I would like to say, so let's help Africa walk upright and forward, then we all can be proud of our future legacy as a species.","gene seymour: 90 percent of our evolutionary process took place in this region of africa. he says it's in this region that you find the earliest evidence for human ancestors. seymour: let's help africa walk upright and forward, then we can be proud of our legacy.",Paleoanthropologist Zeresenay Alemseged looks for the roots of humanity in Ethiopia's badlands. Here he talks about finding the oldest skeleton of a humanoid child -- and how Africa holds the clues to our humanity.
113,"So you're out in the woods, or you're out in the pasture, and you see this ant crawling up this blade of grass. What's in it for the ant? These are just a few of the ideas that are to die for. And he's not responsible for what I say about memes. So it is important, I think, to Richard, and to me, that these ideas not be abused and misused. We don't have much time, and I'm going to go over just a little bit of this and cut out, because there's a lot of other things that are going to be said. And that's what a meme is. And they just wiped out -- these pathogens just wiped out the native people, who had no immunity to them at all. Yesterday, a number of people -- Nicholas Negroponte and others -- spoke about all the wonderful things that are happening when our ideas get spread out, thanks to all the new technology all over the world. As we spread our education and our technology, one of the things that we are doing is we're the vectors of memes that are correctly viewed by the hosts of many other memes as a dire threat to their favorite memes -- the memes that they are prepared to die for.","john avlon: memes wiped out native people, who had no immunity to them. avlon: we're vectors of memes that are viewed as dire threat to their favorite memes. avlon: it's important that these ideas not be abused and misused. avlon: we're the vectors of memes that are correctly viewed as a dire threat.","Starting with the simple tale of an ant, philosopher Dan Dennett unleashes a devastating salvo of ideas, making a powerful case for the existence of memes -- concepts that are literally alive."
114,"Think African governments will put together a conference like this? They're not going to wait for government to do things for them. Did you know that 40 percent of the wealth created in Africa is not invested here in Africa? The second false premise that we make when we're trying to help Africa is that sometimes we think that there is something called a government in Africa that cares about its people, serves the interests of the people, and represents the people. The third fundamental issue that we have to recognize is that if we want to help the African people, we must know where the African people are. Now the modern sector, of course, is where a lot of the development aid and resources went into. The other sectors, the informal and the traditional sectors, are where you find the majority of the African people, the real people in Africa. Now, this is what I have described to you. Now, it is not just this informal sector. We also need to mobilize Africans in the Diaspora, not only to go into the traditional sectors, but to go into agriculture and also to instigate change from within.","donna brazile: 40 percent of wealth created in africa is not invested here in Africa. brazile: if we want to help the African people, we must know where the African people are. she says we need to mobilize Africans in the diaspora to go into traditional sectors. brazile: we need to mobilize Africans in the diaspora, not only to go into agriculture.","Ghanaian economist George Ayittey unleashes a torrent of controlled anger toward corrupt leaders in Africa -- and calls on the ""Cheetah generation"" to take back the continent."
115,"We need to bring it back to say, what is the combination of all these factors that is going to yield what we want? They didn't say, ""No, you know, we're not going to take this."" My frustration is if they can build infrastructure in Spain -- which is roads, highways, other things that they can build -- I say then, why do they refuse to use the same aid to build the same infrastructure in our countries? But I fear -- and I'm very grateful to all of them for what they are trying to do on the continent -- but I'm also worried. And we don't do it because there are so many of us. And what is disappointing me is that we are not doing this. That is all aid can be. If you tell them, ""We need a road here,"" they will help you build it. (Applause) A lot has been said here about women, I don't need to repeat it. So take away from here is how are you going to put together the resources to put money in the hands of women in the middle who are ready -- business people who want to expand and create more jobs.","donna brazile: we don't do this because there are so many of us. brazile: if you tell them, ""We need a road here,"" they will help you build it. she says we need to put money in the hands of women in the middle who are ready. brazile: we need to make sure that women in the middle are ready.","Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the former finance minister of Nigeria, sums up four days of intense discussion on aid versus trade on the closing day of TEDGlobal 2007, and shares a personal story explaining her own commitment to this cause."
116,"You will recall that in 1976, June 16, the students of South Africa boycotted the language of Afrikaans as the medium of the oppressor, as they were sort of like really told that they must do everything in Afrikaans -- biology, mathematics -- and what about our languages? And I used to run away from home, when I know that maybe the police might be coming around the ninth or 10th of June or so. And my grandmother one time said, ""No, look, you’re not going to run away. This is your place, you stay here."" So it was on the 10th of June, and they came, and they surrounded the house, and my grandmother switched off all the lights in the house, and opened the kitchen door. (Applause) (Music) ♫ Thula Mama, Thula Mama, Thula Mama, Thula Mama. ♫ ♫ Oh, there is a mama lying down sleeping ♫ ♫ you're very ill and your heart crying. ♫ ♫ Tomorrow it's going to be better to climb, Mama. ♫ ♫ So who are they who says, no more love poems now? ♫ ♫ I want to sing a song of love ♫ ♫ for that woman who jumped the fences pregnant ♫ ♫ and still gave birth to a healthy child.","in 1976, students of south africa boycotted the language of Afrikaans as the medium of oppressor. my grandmother once said, ""look, you’re not going to run away. this is your place, you stay here""   I want to sing a song of love   for that woman who jumped the fences pregnant.","South African singer-songwriter Vusi Mahlasela dedicates his song, ""Thula Mama,"" to all women -- and especially his grandmother."
117,"And then Leilei -- I know his other name -- told us about interconnection, and how we're all totally interconnected here, and how we've all known each other. And therefore it will become intolerable -- what compassion is, is where it will become intolerable for us, totally intolerable that we sit here in comfort and in pleasure and enjoying the life of the mind or whatever it is, and there are people who are absolutely riddled with disease and they cannot have a bite of food and they have no place, or they're being brutalized by some terrible person and so forth. When you do that, you're forced to feel what they feel. So I'm like that. It's really too boring whether you feel like this or like that, or what, you know -- and the more you focus on how you feel, by the way, the worse it gets. So I said, ""Well, you know, you're all in this yourself. But of course, what you said, I think the key to saving the world, the key to compassion is that it is more fun. Because when you open up like that, then you can't just -- what good does it do to add being miserable with others' misery? But he could memorize all the needs of all the beings that he is, he will, he did. And the first person who gets happy when you do that, you don't do anything for anybody else, but you get happier, you yourself, because your whole perception broadens and you suddenly see the whole world and all of the people in it.","leilei gupta: compassion is where it becomes intolerable for us. gupta: when you do that, you're forced to feel what they feel. he says the key to saving the world, the key to compassion is that it is more fun. gupta: when you open up like that, you can't just add being miserable with others' misery.","In our hyperlinked world, we can know anything, anytime. And this mass enlightenment, says Buddhist scholar Bob Thurman, is our first step toward Buddha nature."
118,"Also on the millennium scale, we can look at the way of life of early civilizations, such as the ones described in the Bible. If you see any virgins, then you can keep them alive so that you can rape them. Even in the year scale, one can see a decline of violence. (Laughter) So the question is: Why are so many people so wrong about something so important? I think there are a number of reasons. And so on. The logic of the Golden Rule -- the more you think about and interact with other people, the more you realize that it is untenable to privilege your interests over theirs, at least not if you want them to listen to you. but also, ""What have we been doing right?"" Because we have been doing something right, and it sure would be good to find out what it is. But clearly, as far as they're concerned, this is just an alien being that does not have feelings akin to their own.","frida ghitis: why are so many people so wrong about something so important? ghitis: we have been doing something right, and it sure would be good to find out. she says as far as they're concerned, this is just an alien being that does not have feelings akin to their own. ghitis: if you see virgins, then you can keep them alive so that you can rape them.","Steven Pinker charts the decline of violence from Biblical times to the present, and argues that, though it may seem illogical and even obscene, given Iraq and Darfur, we are living in the most peaceful time in our species' existence."
119,"I don't think there's been a mission like that in a long time. Now we have to get through the ice. This is part of DEPTHX's mission. There are more stages involved here than I've got time to tell you about, but basically we drive through the space, we populate it with environmental variables -- sulphide, halide, things like that. The next thing we need are places to stay on orbit. There is a place where you can. In fact, you can get it better -- you can get it at 14 times lower if you can find propellant on the moon. We can do it because in space there are no aerodynamics. The traditional approach to space exploration has been that you carry all the fuel you need to get everybody back in case of an emergency. This is not like that.",depthx's mission is to get through the ice on the moon. the next step is to find places to stay on orbit. we can do it because in space there are no aerodynamics.,"Bill Stone, a maverick cave explorer who has plumbed Earth's deepest abysses, discusses his efforts to mine lunar ice for space fuel and to build an autonomous robot for studying Jupiter's moon Europa."
120,"And while these are both wonderful things in their own right -- they both have very wonderful things going for them -- truth and beauty as ideals that can be looked at by the sciences and by math are almost like the ideal conjoined twins that a scientist would want to date. (Laughter) These are expressions of truth as awe-full things, by meaning they are things you can worship. Truth and beauty are things that are often opaque to people who are not in the sciences. If you look at the math, E=mc squared, if you look at the cosmological constant, where there's an anthropic ideal, where you see that life had to evolve from the numbers that describe the universe -- these are things that are really difficult to understand. And what I've tried to do since I had my training as a medical illustrator -- since I was taught animation by my father, who was a sculptor and my visual mentor -- I wanted to figure out a way to help people understand truth and beauty in the biological sciences by using animation, by using pictures, by telling stories so that the things that are not necessarily evident to people can be brought forth, and can be taught, and can be understood. And so what we wanted to do was to figure out how we could make this story into an animation that would be the centerpiece of BioVisions at Harvard, which is a website that Harvard has for its molecular and cellular biology students that will -- in addition to all the textual information, in addition to all the didactic stuff -- put everything together visually, so that these students would have an internalized view of what a cell really is in all of its truth and beauty, and be able to study with this view in mind, so that their imaginations would be sparked, so that their passions would be sparked and so that they would be able to go on and use these visions in their head to make new discoveries and to be able to find out, really, how life works. And figure out how to do this in a way that was truthful in that it imparted what was going on, but not so truthful that the compact crowding in a cell would prevent the vista from happening. But these machines that power the inside of the cells are really quite amazing, and they really are the basis of all life because all of these machines interact with each other. (Laughter) So what I want you to do when you go home is think about this, and think about how powerful our cells are. Once we figure out all that's going on -- and believe me, we know almost a percent of what's going on -- once we figure out what's going on, we're really going to be able to have a lot of control over what we do with our health, with what we do with future generations, and how long we're going to live.","""biovisions"" is a website for students of molecular and cellular biology. it's a way to help people understand truth and beauty in the biological sciences. ""we wanted to make this story into an animation that would be the centerpiece of BioVisions""",Medical animator David Bolinsky presents 3 minutes of stunning animation that show the bustling life inside a cell.
121,"What I want to talk to you about today is virtual worlds, digital globes, the 3-D Web, the Metaverse. What it means is the Web is going to become an exciting place again. In order to do that, we have to put you as a user back in the driver's seat. What we want to do is mix in all types of data. We sit here -- you know, think about the ground vehicles, the human scale -- what do you see in person? What does it mean to look at it from multiple perspectives? I'll wrap up by showing you the -- this is a brand-new peek I haven't really shown into the lab area of Virtual Earth. You can see all types of resolution. I can look at it from multiple viewpoints and angles. What we're trying to do is build a virtual world.","the 3-D Web is going to become an exciting place again. virtual worlds, digital globes, the 3-D Web, the Metaverse are all on the Web. virtual earth is a new lab area where you can see all types of resolution.","Microsoft's Stephen Lawler gives a whirlwind tour of Virtual Earth, moving up, down and through its hyper-real cityscapes with dazzlingly fluidity, a remarkable feat that requires staggering amounts of data to bring into focus."
122,"In 2004, I started Participant Productions and we had a really good first year, and no call. And when we heard a lot of the presentations over the last couple of days, Ed Wilson and the pictures of James Nachtwey, I think we all realized how far we have to go to get to this new version of humanity that I like to call ""Humanity 2.0."" And so chapter one really begins today, with all of us, because within each of us is the power to equal those opportunity gaps and to close the hope gaps. And if the men and women of TED can't make a difference in the world, I don't know who can. But there's also a lot of people that you don't know. And it was this last part of the mission, the celebrate part, that really got me back to thinking when I was a kid and wanted to tell stories to get people involved in the issues that affect us all. So, in 2003, I started to make my way around Los Angeles to talk about the idea of a pro-social media company and I was met with a lot of encouragement. And it turned out to be a pretty good year for this guy. And with Al's blessing, we decided on the spot to turn it into a film, because we felt that we could get the message out there far more quickly than having Al go around the world, speaking to audiences of 100 or 200 at a time. And one thing that I've learned is that there's never one right way to make change.","john avlon: if TED can't make a difference in the world, he doesn't know who can. avlon: if the men and women of TED can't make a difference in the world, he doesn't know who can. avlon: if TED can't make a difference in the world, he doesn't know who can.","Film producer Jeff Skoll (An Inconvenient Truth) talks about his film company, Participant Productions, and the people who've inspired him to do good."
123,"(Music) (Laughter) (Applause) TJ: This is a herd, and it is built according to genetic codes. You can see this one. (Laughter) I could show you this animal. (Applause) So, the proportion of the tubes in this animal is very important for the walking. In fact, this is better than a wheel, because when you try to drive your bicycle on the beach, you will notice it's very hard to do. So 5,000 years after the invention of the wheel, we have a new wheel. So, they have to survive all the dangers of the beach, and one of the big dangers is the sea. This is the sea. And this is the water feeler, and what's very important is this tube. Here we have the brain of the animal.","5,000 years after the invention of the wheel, we have a new wheel. they have to survive all the dangers of the beach, and this is the sea. here we have the brain of the animal.",Artist Theo Jansen demonstrates the amazingly lifelike kinetic sculptures he builds from plastic tubes and lemonade bottles. His creatures are designed to move -- and even survive -- on their own.
124,"An average African country receives foreign aid to the tune of 13, 15 percent of its GDP, and that is an unprecedented transfer of financial resources from rich countries to poor countries. But I want to say that there are two things we need to connect. What should we do with it? Ladies and gentlemen, can any one of you tell me a neighbor, a friend, a relative that you know, who became rich by receiving charity? Why should people support their government? But I want to put a caveat on my argument, and that caveat is that it is not true that aid is always destructive. Aid increases the resources available to governments, and that makes working in a government the most profitable thing you can have, as a person in Africa seeking a career. I also want to say that it is important for us to note that, over the last 50 years, Africa has been receiving increasing aid from the international community, in the form of technical assistance, and financial aid, and all other forms of aid. Between 1960 and 2003, our continent received 600 billion dollars of aid, and we are still told that there is a lot of poverty in Africa. Why does the government of Uganda budget spend 110 percent of its own revenue?","an average african country receives foreign aid to the tune of 13, 15 percent of its GDP. john sutter asks: why should people support their government? sutter says it is not true that aid is always destructive.","In this provocative talk, journalist Andrew Mwenda asks us to reframe the ""African question"" -- to look beyond the media's stories of poverty, civil war and helplessness and see the opportunities for creating wealth and happiness throughout the continent."
125,"This would be an example of how to do that. So which verbs go in which construction -- the problem with which I began -- depends on whether the verb specifies a kind of motion or a kind of possession change. You can think of this as the language of thought, or ""mentalese."" It seems to be based on a fixed set of concepts, which govern dozens of constructions and thousands of verbs -- not only in English, but in all other languages -- fundamental concepts such as space, time, causation and human intention, such as, what is the means and what is the ends? You can also say, ""Biff went from sick to well."" Second conclusion is that the ability to conceive of a given event in two different ways, such as ""cause something to go to someone"" and ""causing someone to have something,"" I think is a fundamental feature of human thought, and it's the basis for much human argumentation, in which people don't differ so much on the facts as on how they ought to be construed. And I think the biggest picture of all would take seriously the fact that so much of our verbiage about abstract events is based on a concrete metaphor and see human intelligence itself as consisting of a repertoire of concepts -- such as objects, space, time, causation and intention -- which are useful in a social, knowledge-intensive species, whose evolution you can well imagine, and a process of metaphorical abstraction that allows us to bleach these concepts of their original conceptual content -- space, time and force -- and apply them to new abstract domains, therefore allowing a species that evolved to deal with rocks and tools and animals, to conceptualize mathematics, physics, law and other abstract domains. For example, in polite requests, if someone says, ""If you could pass the guacamole, that would be awesome,"" we know exactly what he means, even though that's a rather bizarre concept being expressed. You want to express the bribe, the command, the promise, the solicitation and so on, but you also have to negotiate and maintain the kind of relationship you have with the other person. On the other hand, with indirect language, if you issue a veiled bribe, then the dishonest officer could interpret it as a bribe, in which case you get the payoff of going free.","""mentalese"" seems to be based on a fixed set of concepts, says dr. sanjay gupta. ability to conceive of a given event in two different ways is a fundamental feature of human thought. gupta: human intelligence itself is consisting of a repertoire of concepts.","In an exclusive preview of his book <i>The Stuff of Thought</i>, Steven Pinker looks at language and how it expresses what goes on in our minds -- and how the words we choose communicate much more than we realize."
126,"And so what I do is, I write computer programs that study very large sets of these footprints, and then try to draw conclusions about the people who left them -- what they feel, what they think, what's different in the world today than usual, these sorts of questions. So this is We Feel Fine. We see, ""I feel like I have been at a computer all day."" And then if I go over here, the list begins to scroll, and there are actually thousands of feelings that have been collected. And so on. This was amazing because the first night I looked at all this information and really started seeing the gaps that I talked about earlier -- the differences in age, gender and wealth and so on. We can click on one of those and have the photograph be the center of the universe. So now, we have a new universe, which is just constrained to all things Bill Clinton. We can also see the superstars. And then we can also see a timeline.","""we feel fine"" is a computer program that looks at people's footprints. bob greene: thousands of feelings have been collected. he says we can click on a photo and have the photograph be the center of the universe. greene: we can also see the superstars, and then we can see a timeline.","Jonathan Harris wants to make sense of the emotional world of the Web. With deep compassion for the human condition, his projects troll the Internet to find out what we're all feeling and looking for."
127,"You know, in a dictionary? But what people really often think about the dictionary is, they think more like this. When they find a word that's not in the dictionary, they think, ""This must be a bad word."" And I think this is a problem. And so people say to me, ""How do I know if a word is real?"" If only one out of every 10 of those books had a word that's not in the dictionary in it, that would be equivalent to more than two unabridged dictionaries. If that was the map of all the words in American English, we don't know very much. If this was the dictionary -- if this was the map of American English -- look, we have a kind of lumpy idea of Florida, but there's no California! We just don't know enough, and we don't even know that we're missing California. So there are a lot of really good word-collecting sites out there right now, but the problem with some of them is that they're not scientific enough.","bob greene: when people find a word that's not in the dictionary, they think ""this must be a bad word"" greene: if that was the map of all the words in American English, we don't know very much. he says there are a lot of really good word-collecting sites out there, but they're not scientific enough. greene: we don't even know that we're missing California!","Is the beloved paper dictionary doomed to extinction? In this infectiously exuberant talk, leading lexicographer Erin McKean looks at the many ways today's print dictionary is poised for transformation."
128,"I don't think we're going to make it. And so, what I'd like to do now is to tell you about what we've learned in those journeys. This is a story about how Wal-Mart went green, and what that means. Well, Bob said the most important thing we could do right now is to make it clear in Sacramento, California that we need a market-based system of mandates that's going to cap and reduce greenhouse gases in California. It's a great start, but I've got to tell you -- where I started -- I'm really afraid. In fact, I'm afraid all of the best policies we have are not going to be enough. And who would have thought that all that is not enough? Now, we may have the political will to do this in the U.S., but I've got to tell you, we've got only one atmosphere, and so somehow we're going to have to find the political will to do this all around the world. Now, here's the hard question, if the trajectory of all the world's companies and individuals and policies and innovation is not going to be enough, what are we going to do? What can you do?","john avlon: we need a market-based system of mandates to cap and reduce greenhouse gases. avlon: we may have the political will to do this in the u.s. but we've got only one atmosphere, so we're going to have to find the political will. avlon: if the trajectory of all the world's companies and individuals is not going to be enough, what are we going to do?","""I don't think we're going to make it,"" John Doerr says in an emotional talk about climate change and investment. To create a world fit for his daughter to live in, he says, we need to invest now in clean, green energy."
129,"While it is true that those things are going on, there's an Africa that you don't hear about very much. And therefore, when you hear about the corrupt Africa -- corruption all the time -- I want you to know that the people and the governments are trying hard to fight this in some of the countries, and that some successes are emerging. But let me say this: if Alams was able to export eight million dollars into an account in London -- if the other people who had taken money, estimated at 20 to 40 billion now of developing countries' monies sitting abroad in the developed countries -- if they're able to do this, what is that? We have to do it. And this is what we started to do in one of the largest countries on the continent, Nigeria. But there's a huge market out there, and people don't know about it, or they don't want to know. And what is more important, because we want to get away from oil and diversify -- and there are so many opportunities in this one big country, as in many countries in Africa -- what was remarkable is that much of this growth came not from the oil sector alone, but from non-oil. But you should know that this continent is not -- is a continent of many countries, not one country. And I want to say that some of the best people to invest in on the continent are the women. When you go to Tanzania, listen carefully, because I'm sure you will hear of the various openings that there will be for you to get involved in something that will do good for the continent, for the people and for yourselves.","alams was able to export eight million dollars into an account in London. some of the best people to invest in on the continent are the women, he says. africa is not a continent of many countries, not one country, he says.","We know the negative images of Africa -- famine and disease, conflict and corruption. But, says Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, there's another, less-told story happening in many African nations: one of reform, economic growth and business opportunity."
130,"If you follow policy, you probably know that a few years ago the president pledged 15 billion dollars to fight the epidemic over five years, and a lot of that money is going to go to programs that try to replicate Uganda and use behavior change to encourage people and decrease the epidemic. So today I'm going to talk about some things that you might not know about the epidemic, and I'm actually also going to challenge some of these things that you think that you do know. I think it may seem like I'm ignoring the policy stuff, which is really the most important, but I'm hoping that at the end of this talk you will conclude that we actually cannot develop effective policy unless we really understand how the epidemic works. So this means that in a place with a lot of AIDS, there's a really significant cost of sex. But I'm going to argue that you shouldn't be surprised by this, and that to understand this you need to think about health the way than an economist does -- as an investment. So one way to test to see whether we can explain some of this behavior change by differences in life expectancy is to look and see is there more behavior change in areas where there's less malaria. Then if you poked a little more, you looked a little more at what was going on, you'd find that actually that was a pretty good year, because in some years the only people tested are IV drug users. And I think that the answer is, we can look at mortality data, and we can use mortality data to figure out what the prevalence was in the past. But it also tells us something about one of these things that we think that we know. So if you combine the intuition in this figure with some of the data that I talked about before, it suggests that somewhere between 25 percent and 50 percent of the decline in prevalence in Uganda actually would have happened even without any education campaign.",president obama pledged 15 billion dollars to fight the AIDS epidemic in Uganda. aaron carroll: we can't develop effective policy unless we really understand how the epidemic works. he says behavior change can be explained by differences in life expectancy in areas with less malaria. carroll: we can use mortality data to figure out what the prevalence was in the past.,Emily Oster re-examines the stats on AIDS in Africa from an economic perspective and reaches a stunning conclusion: Everything we know about the spread of HIV on the continent is wrong.
131,"I said, ""Look, we get rid of the charity side, and we run this as a business and I'll help you."" First of all, I thought, well, we need a sales team, and we clearly aren't the A-Team here, so let's -- I did all this training. And the women said, ""It really is."" And I said, ""What?"" And, mostly because people never really ask you, and when they do, you don't really think they want to know the truth. Both of them live at the confluence of public health and enterprise, and both of them, because they're manufacturers, create jobs directly, and create incomes indirectly, because they're in the malaria sector, and Africa loses about 13 billion dollars a year because of malaria. And so, Anuj and Acumen have been talking about testing the private sector, because the assumption that the aid establishment has made is that, look, in a country like Tanzania, 80 percent of the population makes less than two dollars a day. And so we came in with a second round of patient capital to A to Z, a loan as well as a grant, so that A to Z could play with pricing and listen to the marketplace, and found a number of things. And when you listen to them, they'll also have a lot to say about what they like and what they don't like. And my wish, when I see those women, I meet those farmers, and I think about all the people across this continent who are working hard every day, is that they have that sense of opportunity and possibility, and that they also can believe and get access to services, so that their children, too, can live those lives of great purpose.","africa loses about 13 billion dollars a year because of malaria. anuj and Acumen have been talking about testing the private sector. they're both manufacturers, create jobs directly, and create incomes indirectly.","Jacqueline Novogratz shares stories of how ""patient capital"" can bring sustainable jobs, goods, services -- and dignity -- to the world's poorest."
132,"CA: So what did you do? WK: After I dropped out of school, I went to library, and I read a book that would -- ""Using Energy,"" and I get information about doing the mill. WK: In fact, a design of the windmill that was in the book, it has got four -- ah -- three blades, and mine has got four blades. CA: And you made it out of what? CA: OK. WK: Yeah. CA: And so, and that windmill, what -- it worked? CA: And so what's your -- what are you going to do with this? WK: Yeah, I want to build another one -- to pump water and irrigation for crops. WK: Yeah, if they can help me with materials, yeah. CA: And as you think of your life going forward, you're 19 now, do you picture continuing with this dream of working in energy?","after dropping out of school, i read a book about doing a windmill. my design of the windmill has got four blades. i want to build another one -- to pump water and irrigation for crops.","When he was just 14 years old, Malawian inventor William Kamkwamba built his family an electricity-generating windmill from spare parts, working from rough plans he found in a library book."
133,"Came to see me and said, ""1,600 of the kids that we've sent out have come back missing at least one full arm. And we're doing the same thing we did for -- more or less, that we've done since the Civil War, a stick and a hook. And literally, this guy sat in my office in New Hampshire and said, ""I want you to give me something that we can put on these kids that'll pick up a raisin or a grape off a table, they'll be able to put it in their mouth without destroying either one, and they'll be able to know the difference without looking at it."" Not in an envelope of a human arm, with 21 degrees of freedom, from your shoulder to your fingertips."" I said, ""I'll take a field trip, I'll go see what you got."" We have 14 out of the 21 degrees of freedom; you don't need the ones in the last two fingers. Said he was lucky, because he had his good arm, and then he pushed himself back from the table. I'm going to show you a guy doing a couple of simple things with this that we demonstrated in Washington. Now he's going to pick up a pen with his opposed thumb and index finger. Now he's going to put that down, pick up a piece of paper, rotate all the degrees of freedom in his hand and wrist, and read it.","1,600 kids have come back missing at least one full arm. ruben navarrette: we're doing the same thing since the civil war, a stick and a hook. he says we have 14 out of 21 degrees of freedom; you don't need the ones in the last two fingers. navarrette: we're doing the same thing we've done since the civil war, a stick and a hook.",Inventor Dean Kamen previews the prosthetic arm he's developing at the request of the US Department of Defense. His quiet commitment to using technology to solve problems -- while honoring the human spirit -- has never been more clear.
134,"And OK, so you could sex it up and like go to a much more lickable Mac, you know, but really it's the kind of same old crap we've had for the last, you know, 30 years. So I kind of have a -- this is BumpTop. Just like on my real desk, I can -- let me just grab these guys -- I can turn things into piles instead of just the folders that we have. I just toss it to the pile, and it's added right to the top. So it's kind of cool. So one of the things you can do to our icons, just like paper, is crease them and fold them, just like paper. Also just like paper, around our workspace we'll pin things up to the wall to remember them later, and I can do the same thing here, and you know, you'll see post-it notes and things like that around people's offices. So, one of the criticisms of this kind of approach to organization is that, you know, ""Okay, well my real desk is really messy. So one thing we have for that is like a grid align, kind of -- so you get that more traditional desktop. So I can pile things up, I can flip through it, I can, you know -- okay, let's move this photo to the back, let's delete this guy here, and I think it's just a much more rich kind of way of interacting with your information.","""my real desk is really messy,"" says john sutter. sutter: ""it's just a much more rich kind of way of interacting with your information"" ""i can turn things into piles instead of just the folders that we have""","Anand Agarawala presents BumpTop, a user interface that takes the usual desktop metaphor to a glorious, 3-D extreme, transforming file navigation into a freewheeling playground of crumpled documents and clipping-covered ""walls."""
135,"And what I want to lay out for you today is a different way of thinking about how to treat debilitating disease, why it's important, why without it perhaps our health care system will melt down if you think it already hasn't, and where we are clinically today, and where we might go tomorrow, and what some of the hurdles are. And this is just the same. And you can actually -- (Laughter) -- we won't get into that. Today, with diabetes, what do we do? And it might be a little bit expensive at the time that we did it, but if it worked, we would truly be able to do something different. So today's reality is that if we get sick, the message is we will treat your symptoms, and you need to adjust to a new way of life. It's a natural process, but it is lost as we age. And what I'm going to show you here is stem cells being removed from the hip of a patient. The coolest thing would be is if you could diagnose the disease early, and prevent the onset of the disease to a bad state. And if there's anything that's been learned about burn, it's that we don't know how to treat it.","today, with diabetes, what do we do? we will treat your symptoms, and you need to adjust to a new way of life. stem cells being removed from the hip of a patient could diagnose the disease early. if you could diagnose the disease early, and prevent the onset of the disease to a bad state.","Alan Russell studies regenerative medicine -- a breakthrough way of thinking about disease and injury, using a process that can signal the body to rebuild itself."
136,"Now, at this point we're leaving the water, and one thing that's kind of important about this game is that, at every level, the player is designing their creature, and that's a fundamental aspect of this. At this point, we've left the water, and now with this little creature -- we could bring up the volume a little bit -- and now we might try to eat. And this is where the game starts getting interesting, because one of the things we really focused on here was giving the players very high-leverage tools, so that for very little effort, the player can make something very cool. So in some sense we want this to feel like an amplifier for the player's imagination, so that with a very small number of clicks a player can create something that they didn't really think was possible before. And pretty much everything you're going to see in this game, there's an editor for that the player can create, up through civilization. So this is the planet that we've been playing on up to this point in the game. So at first what we're going to see is a global ocean rise here on this little toy planet, but then over time -- I can speed it up -- we'll see the heat impact of that as well. Because it's so hard for people to think 50 or 100 years out, but when you can give them a toy, and they can experience these long-term dynamics in just a few minutes, I think it's an entirely different point of view, where we're actually using the game to remap our intuition. And now, because I'm actually the one here, I can get out of the UFO and walk up, and they should be worshipping me at this point as a god. But these are the things that we can put in this little galaxy here.","the game gives the player very high-leverage tools, so they can make something very cool. with a very small number of clicks a player can create something that they didn't really think was possible before. the player can get out of the UFO and walk up, and they should be worshipping me as a god.","In a friendly, high-speed presentation, Will Wright demos his newest game, Spore, which promises to dazzle users even more than his previous masterpieces."
137,"This is a recent cover of New York Magazine. It is four in the morning."" It works a little something like -- this is a recent Google search for four in the morning. The top 10 results yield you four hits for Faron Young's song, ""It's Four in the Morning,"" three hits for Judi Dench's film, ""Four in the Morning,"" one hit for Wislawa Szymborska's poem, ""Four in the Morning."" On that very day, December 10, 1996 while Mr. Four in the Morning, Faron Young, was giving up the ghost in Nashville, Tennessee, Ms. Four in the Morning -- or one of them anyway -- Wislawa Szymborska was in Stockholm, Sweden, accepting the Nobel Prize for Literature. In fact there are people in this room who may not want me to show you this clip we're about to see. (Laughter) When Homer Simpson needs to imagine the most remote possible moment of not just the clock, but the whole freaking calendar, he comes up with 0400 on the birthday of the Baby Jesus. And no, I don't know how it works into the whole puzzling scheme of things, but obviously I know a coded message when I see one. Or you can go to the Random House website where there is this excerpt. But if he were here -- (Laughter) he might remind us, as he does in the wrap-up to his fine autobiography, that on this day Bill Clinton began a journey -- a journey that saw him go on to become the first Democrat president elected to two consecutive terms in decades.","""it's four in the morning,"" ""it's four in the morning,"" ""four in the morning"" on that day, ""four in the morning,"" ""four in the morning"" on that day, ""four in the morning,"" ""four in the morning,"" ""four in the morning,"" ""four in the morning,"" ""four in the morning,"" ""four in the morning""","Poet Rives does 8 minutes of lyrical origami, folding history into a series of coincidences surrounding that most surreal of hours, 4 o'clock in the morning."
138,"We don't think you can pull it off, we're not going to give you our 17,000 peace keepers for fodder."" We don't do the everything else so well. What we need to build is a force for the Everything Else. What can they do? What we do have is the U.S.-enabled Leviathan Force that says, ""You want me to take that guy down? I maintain this is code inside the Army for, ""We don't want to do this."" (Laughter) That force on the left, you can train a 19-year-old to do that. That Sys Admin force is the force that never comes home, does most of your work. The force on the right, in and out. How are you going to get them to work for this force?","bob greene: we don't think you can pull it off, we're not going to give you our 17,000 peace keepers for fodder. greene: what we need to build is a force for the Everything Else. he asks: how are you going to get them to work for this force?","In this bracingly honest talk, international security strategist Thomas Barnett outlines a post-Cold War solution for the foundering U.S. military that is both sensible and breathtaking in its simplicity: Break it in two."
139,"Do you know that surgery? Now, in Canada, we have that great healthcare system. I met the surgeon, and he took some free X-rays, and I got a good look at them. You know, it's such a long wait that I actually started to even think about it in terms of TEDs. I would not have my new hip for TED2008. So, I left his office and I was walking through the hospital, and that's when I had my epiphany. We don't talk about it. And you know, when he walked in, I could just tell that he saw them. Now, word on the street was that it was actually my volunteering that got me to the front of the line. And, you know, I'm not even ashamed of that.","a surgeon gave me free x-rays after a long wait for my hip for TED2008. when he walked through the hospital, he saw them, and that's when he had his epiphany. now, word on the street is that it was actually my volunteering that got me to the front of the line.",When Allison Hunt found out that she needed a new hip -- and that Canada’s national health care system would require her to spend nearly 2 years on a waiting list (and in pain) -- she took matters into her own hands.
140,"An American friend of mine this year volunteered as a nurse in Ghana, and in a period of three months she came to a conclusion about the state of leadership in Africa that had taken me over a decade to reach. Now what does this have to do with leadership? They are our leaders. Now, I was 16. And I also learned that it can be helpful to think about girls. This was not the world that I'd want my children to grow up in. So I decided to get engaged, and the first thing that I did was to come back to Ghana and talk with a lot of people and really try to understand what the real issues were. So this is what I'm doing now. And a month into it, I come to the office, and I have this email from one of our students. OK. Now, I just wanted to leave that slide up because it's important that we think about it.","an american friend of mine volunteered as a nurse in Ghana this year. she came to a conclusion about the state of leadership in africa that took me over a decade to reach. a month into it, i come to the office and have an email from one of our students.","A liberal arts education is critical to forming true leaders, says university head Patrick Awuah -- because it builds decision-making skills, an ethical framework and a broad vision. Awuah himself left a career at Microsoft in the US to found a liberal arts school in Africa: Ashesi University, in his home nation of Ghana. A passionate talk about dreaming, doing and leading."
141,"It's inevitable, terrible, but really what I want to talk about is, I'm just fascinated by the legacy people leave when they die. That's what I want to talk about. And my father left me a legacy of his handwriting through letters and a notebook. In the last two years of his life, when he was sick, he filled a notebook with his thoughts about me. There are times when I want to trade all those years that I was too busy to sit with my dad and chat with him, and trade all those years for one hug. But that's when I take out his letters and I read them, and the paper that touched his hand is in mine, and I feel connected to him. So maybe we all need to leave our children with a value legacy, and not a financial one. If a fraction of this powerful TED audience could be inspired to buy a beautiful paper -- John, it'll be a recycled one -- and write a beautiful letter to someone they love, we actually may start a revolution where our children may go to penmanship classes. So what do I plan to leave for my son? I collect autographed books, and those of you authors in the audience know I hound you for them -- and CDs too, Tracy.","john sutter: my father left me a legacy of his handwriting through letters and a notebook. sutter: maybe we all need to leave our children with a value legacy, not a financial one. he says we may start a revolution where our children may go to penmanship classes. sutter: maybe we all need to leave our children with a value legacy, not a financial one.","Lakshmi Pratury remembers the lost art of letter-writing and shares a series of notes her father wrote to her before he died. Her short but heartfelt talk may inspire you to set pen to paper, too."
142,"(Laughter) (Applause) And Frank, you've come to a place in your life, which is astonishing. I mean you have become, whether you can giggle at it because it's a funny ... you know, it's a strange thought, but your building is an icon -- you can draw a little picture of that building, it can be used in ads -- and you've had not rock star status, but celebrity status in doing what you wanted to do for most of your life. That was my response to the people in the time. I approach each project with a new insecurity, almost like the first project I ever did, and I get the sweats, I go in and start working, I'm not sure where I'm going -- if I knew where I was going, I wouldn't do it. I do run a kind of a business -- I've got 120 people and you've got to pay them, so there's a lot of responsibility involved -- but the actual work on the project is with, I think, a healthy insecurity. FG: I don't know. OK, you solved all the problems, you did all the stuff, you made nice, you loved your clients, you loved the city, you're a good guy, you're a good person ... and then what? And the guy looked at me and said, ""Now what can I do for you, Mr. FG: So, I got up. (Laughter) I'm going to make it for you!","FG: ""if I knew where I was going, I wouldn't do it"" ""i approach each project with a new insecurity, almost like the first project i ever did"" FG: ""you solved all the problems, you did all the stuff, you made nice""","In a wildly entertaining discussion with Richard Saul Wurman, architect Frank Gehry gives TEDsters his take on the power of failure, his recent buildings, and the all-important ""Then what?"" factor."
143,"And to do that, you really have to look first at agriculture. And in the measure that we plant stuff, what we learn from agriculture is you've got to deal with pests, you've got to deal with all types of awful things, you've got to cultivate stuff. And as you do that stuff, here's what happens to productivity. One of the ironies of this whole system is we're discussing what to do about a system that we don't understand. It may be to have stuff process that coal in a biological fashion as you did in agriculture. What is this? And as you think about this stuff and what the implications of this are, we're going to start not just converting ethanol from corn with very high subsidies. Now, if you can take part of the energy content out of doing this, you reduce the system, and you really do start applying biological principles to energy. And be that oil, be that gas, be that coal, this is what we're dealing with. One of the things that we've got to do is to stabilize oil prices.","john avlon: we're discussing what to do about a system that we don't understand. avlon: we're going to start not just converting ethanol from corn with high subsidies. he says one of the things that we've got to do is to stabilize oil prices. avlon: if we can take part of the energy content out of this, you reduce the system.","Juan Enriquez challenges our definition of bioenergy. Oil, coal, gas and other hydrocarbons are not chemical but biological products, based on plant matter -- and thus, growable. Our whole approach to fuel, he argues, needs to change."
144,"Now, I have to do the rest of the thing like this. Now, I was looking at this, it was in my office, as it always is, on the shelf, and I was thinking, why have I not opened this? And what I love about this box, and what I realize I sort of do in whatever it is that I do, is I find myself drawn to infinite possibility, that sense of potential. And so I started thinking about ""Lost"" and the stuff that we do, and I realized, oh my God, mystery boxes are everywhere in what I do! And so we did this show, and for those of you who haven't seen it, or don't know it, I can show you one little clip from the pilot, just to show you some stuff that we did. So there's that. So to me, there's that. So you think of ""Jaws"" -- so that's the kind of stuff that, like, you know -- the investment of character, which is the stuff that really is inside the box, you know? And often, the movie's there and it's going, and then something happens and you go, ""Oh --"", and then, ""Mmm ..."" When it's a great movie, you're along for the ride because you're willing to give yourself to it. There he is.","""lost"" is a mystery box show. it's the kind of stuff that really is inside the box. it's a great movie, you're willing to give yourself to it.","J.J. Abrams traces his love for the unseen mystery –- a passion that's evident in his films and TV shows, including Lost, Star Trek and the upcoming Star Wars VII -- back to its magical beginnings."
145,"(Laughter) So now, we are going to speak of happiness. But now, if it is something that is going to determine the quality of every instant of our life, then we better know what it is, have some clearer idea. And probably, the fact that we don't know that is why, so often, although we seek happiness, it seems we turn our back to it. And also, again, it can -- also, it's something that you -- it is not something that is radiating outside. Now, what, then, will be happiness? And he said, ""[Without] that -- even if you get a high-tech flat on the 100th floor of a super-modern and comfortable building, if you are deeply unhappy within, all you are going to look for is a window from which to jump."" And we would like to be like that all the time. For that we have to ask, what is the nature of mind? It cannot be tainted intrinsically with hatred or jealousy because then, if it was always there -- like a dye that would permeate the whole cloth -- then it would be found all the time, somewhere. We think of people suffering, of people we love, but at some point, it can be a state which is all pervading.","we don't know what happiness is, so often we turn our back to it. happiness cannot be tainted intrinsically with hatred or jealousy. we think of people suffering, of people we love, but at some point, it can be a state.","What is happiness, and how can we all get some? Biochemist turned Buddhist monk Matthieu Ricard says we can train our minds in habits of well-being, to generate a true sense of serenity and fulfillment."
146,(Applause) (Music) (Applause),(Applause),Kenichi Ebina moves his body in a manner that appears to defy the limits imposed by the human skeleton. He combines breakdancing and hip-hop with mime using movements that are simultaneously precise and fluid.
147,"And that's how I got out of high school. Don't give up on the poor kids, because you never know what's going to happen to those children in life."" My view is that if you want to involve yourself in the life of people who have been given up on, you have to look like the solution and not the problem. And I happen to know that company pretty well because John Heinz, who was our U.S. senator -- who was tragically killed in a plane accident -- he had heard about my desire to build a new building, because I had a cardboard box and I put it in a garbage bag and I walking all over Pittsburgh trying to raise money for this site. I said, ""Senator, I'm reluctant to go into a field that I don't know much about, but I promise you that if you'll support my school, I'll get it built and in a couple of years, I'll come back and weigh out that program that you desire."" He said, ""I'll get them to come to the school."" And now that I have, I want to give you a gift."" He was there. And the reason this picture's in here is I did this slide show a couple years ago at a big economics summit, and there was a fellow in the audience who came up to me. And I went down into the neighborhood called Bayview-Hunters Point, and I said, ""The mayor sent me down here to work with you and I want to build a center with you, but I'm not going to build you anything if you don't want it.","john avlon: if you want to involve yourself in the life of people who have been given up on, you have to look like the solution. avlon: if you want to involve yourself in the life of people who have been given up on, you have to look like the solution. avlon: if you want to involve yourself in the life of people who have been given up, you have to look like the solution.","Bill Strickland tells a quiet and astonishing tale of redemption through arts, music, and unlikely partnerships."
148,"So if you look, you can see a lot of different machines come out of this. They all crawl in different ways, and you can see on the right, that we actually made a couple of these things, and they work in reality. These are not very fantastic robots, but they evolved to do exactly what we reward them for: for moving forward. So that was all done in simulation, but we can also do that on a real machine. And you can see these robots are not ready to take over the world yet, but they gradually learn how to move forward, and they do this autonomously. You look at it and you see it has four legs, the machine doesn't know if it's a snake, if it's a tree, it doesn't have any idea what it looks like, but it's going to try to find that out. It kind of figured out what it looks like, and how to move forward, and then actually tried that out. And we've actually built a couple of these, and this is part of a larger robot made out of these cubes. So of course, this is a very crude machine, but we're working on a micro-scale version of these, and hopefully the cubes will be like a powder that you pour in. And one of the things that I think is important is that we have to get away from this idea of designing the machines manually, but actually let them evolve and learn, like children, and perhaps that's the way we'll get there.","we're working on a micro-scale version of these robots. the robots are not ready to take over the world yet. they gradually learn how to move forward, and they do this autonomously.","Hod Lipson demonstrates a few of his cool little robots, which have the ability to learn, understand themselves and even self-replicate."
149,"So this is a very attractive idea, because we're very lazy, like the Sorcerer's Apprentice, or the world's greatest computer programmer. How many of you know what I'm talking about? So now the thing is, this is a different kind of spell. And so, I'm here to tell you, you don't need a computer to actually have a spell. So then, we think we can do that. One of my first questions doing this was: How can you make an arbitrary shape or pattern out of DNA? I decided to use a type of DNA origami, where you take a long strand of DNA and fold it into whatever shape or pattern you might want. These short DNA sequences are what are going to fold the long strand into this shape that we want to make. So you get 250 of these in the mail in little tubes. What we really want to do in the end is learn how to program self-assembly so we can build anything, right?","bob greene: you don't need a computer to actually have a spell. greene: we decided to use a type of DNA origami, where you take a long strand of DNA. he says we want to learn how to program self-assembly so we can build anything. greene: we're going to have to learn how to program self-assembly.","Paul Rothemund writes code that causes DNA to arrange itself into a star, a smiley face and more. Sure, it's a stunt, but it's also a demonstration of self-assembly at the smallest of scales -- with vast implications for the future of making things."
150,"And I mention this because, if we want to design for that future, we need to figure out what those people are about. And we do all this -- and to go back to the original question, what do people carry? And I'm not saying this is a good thing, but this is a thing, right? You don't need to ask permission from anyone, you can just go ahead and do it, right? OK, the next thing is -- most of you, if you have a stable home life, and what I mean is that you don't travel all the time, and always in hotels, but most people have what we call a center of gravity. Just from a design perspective, we didn't really understand how they did it, and so that's just one small example of the kind of research that we were doing. If you go on the streets of India and China, you see this kind of stuff. And I look at something like this and it makes me question, if we were to take all the functionality in things like this, and redistribute them around the body in some kind of personal area network, how would we prioritize where to put stuff? OK, the title of this presentation is ""Connections and Consequences,"" and it's really a kind of summary of five years of trying to figure out what it's going to be like when everyone on the planet has the ability to transcend space and time in a personal and convenient manner, right? And if we're smart, we'll look at this stuff that's going on, and we'll figure out a way to enable it to inform and infuse both what we design and how we design.","john avlon: if we want to design for that future, we need to figure out what people are about. avlon: most people have what we call a center of gravity. avlon: if we were to take all the functionality in things like this and redistribute them. avlon: if we want to design for that future, we need to figure out what those people are about.",Nokia researcher Jan Chipchase's investigation into the ways we interact with technology has led him from the villages of Uganda to the insides of our pockets. He's made some unexpected discoveries along the way.
151,"I don't have children. (Laughter) So despite the provocative title, this presentation is really about safety, and about some simple things that we can do to raise our kids to be creative, confident and in control of the environment around them. This is ""Five Dangerous Things."" This is like one of the great things we ever discovered, fire. You don't know what they're going to learn from playing with it. Let them fool around with it on their own terms and trust me, they're going to learn things that you can't get out of playing with Dora the Explorer toys. Even if you don't know what the parts are, puzzling out what they might be for is a really good practice for the kids to get sort of the sense that they can take things apart, and no matter how complex they are, they can understand parts of them. (Laughter) There are laws beyond safety regulations that attempt to limit how we can interact with the things that we own -- in this case, digital media. Driving a car is a really empowering act for a young child, so this is the alternate -- (Laughter) For those of you who aren't comfortable actually breaking the law, you can drive a car with your child. (Laughter) Let's see, I think that's it.","""five dangerous things"" is about raising kids to be creative, confident and in control of the environment. ""you don't know what they're going to learn from playing with it,"" author says. driving a car is a really empowering act for a young child, author says.","At TED U, Gever Tulley, founder of the Tinkering School, spells out 5 dangerous things you should let your kids do -- and why a little danger is good for both kids and grownups."
152,"And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window that you couldn't describe: these blinking lights -- a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies. And you see, some of the bioluminescence they use to avoid being eaten, some they use to attract prey, but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is just positively amazing. But I want to jump up to shallow water now and look at some creatures that are positively amazing. (Laughter) This is an octopus. Now, here's a male on the left and a female on the right, and the male has managed to split his coloration so the female only always sees the kinder, gentler squid in him. Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice, and watch his tentacles -- he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae. But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin. That's an amazing thing. There's a good reason why: the shallow water's full of predators -- here's a barracuda -- and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod, you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide. So here it is in reverse.","bioluminescence is a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies. octopus, cephalopods use bioluminescence to hide from predators. octopus uses bioluminescence to avoid being eaten. octopus uses bioluminescence to attract prey.","David Gallo shows jaw-dropping footage of amazing sea creatures, including a color-shifting cuttlefish, a perfectly camouflaged octopus, and a Times Square's worth of neon light displays from fish who live in the blackest depths of the ocean. This short talk celebrates the pioneering work of ocean explorers like Edith Widder and Roger Hanlon."
153,"So, the good news is that I have a dog and, though I don't know if I believe in luck -- I don't know what I believe in, it's a very complicated question, but I do know that before I go away, I crank his tail seven times. And what you have to do is, you really have to edit down to what you want to say. We hoped we'd be funny, but we didn't know it would be a cover, and we didn't know that that image, at the moment that it happened, would be something that would be so wonderful for a lot of people. And it really became the -- I don't know, you know, it was one of those moments people started laughing at what was going on. They're not."" (Laughter) So it stayed in, and it was, and, you know, it was a good thing. And basically, I was so, you know, it was so amusing, because I said, ""Well, how much space do I have?"" And actually, he was. Could we have -- no, we don't have time. Do you have that?","cnn's john sutter has a dog that he cranks his tail seven times. sutter: ""we hoped we'd be funny, but we didn't know it would be a cover"" sutter: ""it was one of those moments people started laughing at what was going on""","Author and illustrator Maira Kalman talks about her life and work, from her covers for The New Yorker to her books for children and grown-ups. She is as wonderful, as wise and as deliciously off-kilter in person as she is on paper."
154,"In terms of what we really need to do to put the brakes on this very high inertial thing -- our big economy -- we've really hardly started. Maybe they're going to land at the U.N. headquarters down the road here, or maybe they'll pick a smarter spot -- but suppose they arrive and they give you a box. And so I guess my view on this is not that I want to do it -- I do not -- but that we should move this out of the shadows and talk about it seriously. Because sooner or later, we'll be confronted with decisions about this, and it's better if we think hard about it, even if we want to think hard about reasons why we should never do it. I'll give you two different ways to think about this problem that are the beginning of my thinking about how to think about it. So here's one way to think about it, which is that we just do this instead of cutting emissions because it's cheaper. Let's say that we don't do geo-engineering, we do what we ought to do, which is get serious about cutting emissions. Right now, you have a few enthusiasts talking about it, some in a positive side, some in a negative side -- but that's a dangerous state to be in because there's very little depth of knowledge on this topic. I think there is a serious problem: as you talk about this, people begin to think they don't need to work so hard to cut emissions. And it's time to begin thinking about it, even if the reason we're thinking about it is to construct arguments for why we shouldn't do it.","john avlon: geo-engineering is cheaper than cutting emissions. avlon: people start to think they don't need to work so hard to cut emissions. he says it's time to begin thinking about it, even if it's to construct arguments for why we shouldn't. avlon: it's better if we think hard about it, even if we want to think hard about why we shouldn't do it.","Environmental scientist David Keith proposes a cheap, effective, shocking means to address climate change: What if we injected a huge cloud of ash into the atmosphere to deflect sunlight and heat?"
155,"Now if we want to design a foot, what do we have to do? When we did that, here's a new experiment that we did: we put an animal and had it run -- this grass spider -- on a surface with 99 percent of the contact area removed. What you'll see, in fact, is that it's using that half circle leg as a distributed foot. RF: So if you look carefully at this, what you see is that they have spines and until a few weeks ago, no one knew what they did. We did that by putting these artificial spines on crabs, as you see here, and then we tested them. But look at this animal do it! It's extraordinary how fast it can do it -- but if you slow it down, you see something that's quite extraordinary. And here's the simple version of a foot for a new robot that I'll show you in a bit. This is the foot of an ant. So the idea is to first get the toes and a foot right, attempt to make that climb, and ultimately put it on the robot.","a grass spider runs on a surface with 99 percent of the contact area removed. it's using that half circle leg as a distributed foot. the idea is to first get the toes and a foot right, attempt to make that climb.",Biologist Robert Full shares slo-mo video of some captivating critters. Take a closer look at the spiny legs that allow cockroaches to scuttle across mesh and the nanobristle-packed feet that let geckos to run straight up walls.
156,"The United States, for example, can completely eliminate its use of oil and rejuvenate the economy at the same time, led by business for profit, because it's so much cheaper to save and substitute for the oil than to keep on buying it. We can save half the oil by using it more efficiently, at a cost of 12 dollars per saved barrel. You can sort of have it all with these things. And the reason this has not been very seriously examined before is there was a common assumption in the industry that -- well, then it might not be safe if you got whacked by a heavy car, and it would cost a lot more to make, because the only way we know how to make cars much lighter was to use expensive light metals like aluminum and magnesium. And when you make them light in the right way, that can be simpler and cheaper to make. Now, when you go through a similar analysis for every way we use oil, including buildings, industry, feedstocks and so on, you find that of the 28 million barrels a day the government says we will need in 2025, well, about eight of that can be removed by efficiency by then, with another seven still being saved as the vehicle stocks turn over, at an average cost of only 12 bucks a barrel, instead of 26 for buying the oil. There is a huge amount of gas to be saved, about half the projected gas at about an eighth of its price. Or we could use the saved gas directly to cover all of this balance, or if we used it as hydrogen, which is more profitable and efficient, we'd get rid of the domestic oil too. And the one thing I'd like to point out here is that we've done this before. (Applause) Whatever your reason for wanting to do this, whether you're concerned about national security or price volatility -- (Laughter) -- or jobs, or the planet, or your grand-kids, it seems to me that this is an oil endgame that we should all be playing to win.","john avlon: we can completely eliminate our use of oil and rejuvenate the economy. avlon: we can save half the oil by using it more efficiently, at a cost of 12 dollars a barrel. avlon: this is an oil endgame that we should all be playing to win.","In this energizing talk, Amory Lovins lays out his simple plan for weaning the US off oil and revitalizing the economy."
157,"It is all about passion. That is what I need for my characters in my books: a passionate heart. People like all of you in this room. The protagonists of this story are a young woman, Rose Mapendo, and her children. I don't make them up; there's no need for that. I have worked with women and for women all my life. (Laughter) Once, when my daughter Paula was in her twenties, she said to me that feminism was dated, that I should move on. They have children that they don't want or they cannot feed. She's prepared to clean teeth, but when she gets there, she finds out that there are no doctors, no dentists, and the clinic is just a hut full of flies. She's not licensed for that; she has never done it.","rose mapendo and her children have children that they don't want or cannot feed. when she gets there, she finds out there are no doctors, no dentists, and the clinic is just a hut full of flies. she's not licensed for that; she has never done it.","Author and activist Isabel Allende discusses women, creativity, the definition of feminism -- and, of course, passion -- in this talk."
158,"We will talk today about local warming. This is the posture of ladies who are not blogging; this is the posture of ladies who are blogging. (Laughter) This is the natural posture of a man sitting, squatting for ventilation purposes. This is the issue of local warming. You should care about your posture -- this is not right. This is the correct posture. And there are some enhanced protection measures, which I would like to share with you, and I would like, in a minute, to thank Philips for helping. By the way, I must admit, my English is not so good, I didn't know what is scrotal; I understand it's a scrotum. Video: Man: The Philips Bodygroom has a sleek, ergonomic design for a safe and easy way to trim those scruffy underarm hairs, the untidy curls on and around your [bleep], as well as the hard to reach locks on the underside of your [bleep] and [bleep]. (Applause) And I just want to show you that I'm not just preaching, but I also practice.","Philips Bodygroom has a sleek, ergonomic design for a safe and easy way to trim underarm hairs. ""my English is not so good, I didn't know what is scrotal; I understand it's a scrotum""","Investor and prankster Yossi Vardi delivers a ballsy lecture on the dangers of blogging. Specifically, for men."
159,"So we love this kind of stuff. And so, my life is much more complex because of the baby, actually, but that's okay. It's a very simple kind of food. But the Media Lab is an interesting place, and it's important to me because as a student, I was a computer science undergrad, and I discovered design later on in my life. But I thought, ""This is very interesting. I was looking for some kind of form, and in the end, I made 100 butter-fries. Because that's what this is about. So, if I simplify the laws of simplicity, I have what's called the cookie versus laundry thing. And so life is a big question, I think, in simplicity, because you're trying to simplify your life. They have so many thoughts, and they have so much wisdom, and I think -- you know, this TED thing, I've come here.","the media lab is an interesting place, and it's important to me. if i simplify the laws of simplicity, i have what's called the cookie versus laundry thing.","The MIT Media Lab's John Maeda lives at the intersection of technology and art, a place that can get very complicated. Here he talks about paring down to basics."
160,"There must be a lot more, but those are at very, very small distances, and we haven't really interacted with them very much yet. The main thing I want to talk about is this: that we have this remarkable experience in this field of fundamental physics that beauty is a very successful criterion for choosing the right theory. I'll let you in on the answer to the last one that I offer, and that is, it has nothing to do with human beings. But even if we don't run across it in our lifetimes, we can still think there is one out there, and we're just trying to get closer and closer to it. So what that means is that the history of the universe is not determined just by the fundamental law. Now, what happens is that as we do that, as we peel these skins of the onion, and we get closer and closer to the underlying law, we see that each skin has something in common with the previous one, and with the next one. And the kind of mathematics that we had for the previous skin is almost the same as what we need for the next skin. The more and more symmetry you have, the better you exhibit the simplicity and elegance of the theory. So the mathematics for the adjoining skins is very similar to what we need for the new one. And he realized suddenly that the force that drew the apple down to the earth could be the same as the force regulating the motions of the planets and the moon.","jeffrey toobin: we have remarkable experience in physics that beauty is a successful criterion for choosing the right theory. toobin: we can still think there is one out there, and we're just trying to get closer to it. as we peel these skins of the onion, we see that each skin has something in common with the previous one. toobin: the more and more symmetry you have, the better you exhibit simplicity and elegance of the theory.","Armed with a sense of humor and laypeople's terms, Nobel winner Murray Gell-Mann drops some knowledge on TEDsters about particle physics, asking questions like, Are elegant equations more likely to be right than inelegant ones?"
161,"There is something called the square of a number, which most of you know is taking a number and multiplying it by itself. The way we can square on most calculators -- let me demonstrate with this one -- is by taking the number, such as five, hitting ""times"" and then ""equals,"" and on most calculators that will give you the square. What I'm going to try and do now is to square, in my head, four two-digit numbers faster than they can do on their calculators, even using the shortcut method. What I'll use is the second row this time, and I'll get four of you to each yell out a two-digit number, and if you would square the first number, and if you would square the second, the third and the fourth, I will try and race you to the answer. You can all take your time on this; I will not beat you to the answer on this one, but I will try to get the answer right. Volunteer: I don't know. And instead of squaring it this time, I want you to take that number and multiply it by any three-digit number that you want, but don't tell me what you're multiplying by -- just multiply it by any random three-digit number. What I'd like each of you to do is to call out for me any six of your seven digits, any six of them, in any order you'd like. AB: That's three. AB: I'll tell you what, Chris: as long as you have that book in front of you, do me a favor, turn to a year outside of the 1900s, either into the 1800s or way into the 2000s -- that'll be a much greater challenge for me.","the square of a number is taking a number and multiplying it by itself. on most calculators, the square is done by taking the number, hitting ""times"" and then ""equals"" if you square the first two-digit number, you'll square the second, third and fourth.","In a lively show, mathemagician Arthur Benjamin races a team of calculators to figure out 3-digit squares, solves another massive mental equation and guesses a few birthdays. How does he do it? He’ll tell you."
162,"And this is still going on, as you know. So they did that. (Laughter) Well, they were happy as could be, because he hadn't said a rational word in the weeks of observation. It didn't work very well on the schizophrenics, but it was pretty clear in the '30s and by the middle of the '40s that electroconvulsive therapy was very, very effective in the treatment of depression. But it wasn't that simple, because by the time I got out of that unit, I was not functional at all. Well, I was a grown man who had all of these rituals, and it got so there was a throbbing, there was a ferocious fear in my head. But there was one treatment, which actually had been pioneered at the Hartford Hospital in the early 1940s, and you can imagine what it was: it was prefrontal lobotomy. (Imitates a popping sound) So they decided -- I didn't know this, again, I found this out later -- that the only thing that could be done was for this 43-year-old man to have a prefrontal lobotomy. He asked to meet with the senior staff, and they agreed to meet with him, because he was very well thought of in that place. Well, those of you who know some of these books know that one is about death and dying, one is about the human body and the human spirit, one is about the way mystical thoughts are constantly in our minds.","in the '30s and '40s, electroconvulsive therapy was very effective in the treatment of depression. but by the time i got out of that unit, i was not functional at all. prefrontal lobotomy was pioneered at the Hartford hospital in the early 1940s.","Surgeon and author Sherwin Nuland discusses the development of electroshock therapy as a cure for severe, life-threatening depression -- including his own. It's a moving and heartfelt talk about relief, redemption and second chances."
163,"(Laughter) There was a very important study done a while ago at Princeton Theological Seminary that speaks to why it is that when all of us have so many opportunities to help, we do sometimes, and we don't other times. What turned out to determine whether someone would stop and help a stranger in need was how much of a hurry they thought they were in -- were they feeling they were late, or were they absorbed in what they were going to talk about. I was doing my taxes the other day, and I got to the point where I was listing all of the donations I gave, and I had an epiphany, it was -- I came to my check to the Seva Foundation and I noticed that I thought, boy, my friend Larry Brilliant would really be happy that I gave money to Seva. I was at a sushi restaurant a while back and I overheard two women talking about the brother of one woman, who was in the singles scene. The test was: from the moment they got together, how long it would take the guy to ask her a question with the word ""you"" in it. There is a newly coined word in the English language for the moment when the person we're with whips out their BlackBerry or answers that cell phone, and all of a sudden we don't exist. So at one point, my brother-in-law gets up the courage to ask the one question he really wants to know the answer to, and that is: how could you have done it? And I think that that is very troubling, and in a sense, I've been reflecting on turning that part of us off. And all of a sudden as I was going down the stairs I noticed that there was a man slumped to the side, shirtless, not moving, and people were just stepping over him -- hundreds and hundreds of people. This guy was back on his feet immediately.","a study shows how much of a hurry people thought they were in determines whether they would help. a man slumped to the side, shirtless, not moving, and people were just stepping over him. he was back on his feet immediately.","Daniel Goleman, author of ""Emotional Intelligence,"" asks why we aren't more compassionate more of the time."
164,"It's called ""All the Answers."" ♫ ♫ 'Cause here I go ... ♫ ♫ and I got all the answers ♫ ♫ right here in my hand. ♫ ♫ And I got all the answers ♫ ♫ and I don't have to understand ♫ ♫ 'cause I got all the answers. ♫ ♫ And here I go ... ♫ ♫ 'cause I got all the answers ♫ ♫ right here in my hand. ♫ ♫ I can do it all right here in my home. ♫ ♫ 'Cause I got all the answers ♫ ♫ right here on my screen. It was one of the titles that I was sort of thinking about calling my record, except there's a couple of problems. And the song is based on what I think was my first childhood attempts to think about invisible forces. So this is called ""Tembererana."" ♫ A dream within a dream, ♫ ♫ a world within a world, ♫ ♫ the sound of a primal scream ♫ ♫ travels out across the land.",the song is based on what I think was my first childhood attempts to think about invisible forces. the sound of a primal scream travels out across the land.,"Singer/guitarist Raúl Midón performs ""All the Answers"" in a world premiere at TED2007, followed by the sprightly ""Tembererana."""
165,"RB: About 55,000. What was that? No, I mean, I think -- CA: But is that your hair? That was a wonderful car-boat in which -- CA: Oh, that car that we -- actually we -- it was a TEDster event there, I think. So in those moments, you certainly wonder what you're doing up there or -- CA: What was the closest you got to -- when did you think, this is it, I might be on my way out? RB: Just what you would do in a situation like that: just I love you very much. Were you a rebel then, or how would you ... RB: Yeah, I think I was a bit of a maverick and -- but I ... And I was, yeah, I was fortunately good at sport, and so at least I had something to excel at, at school. What is that? RB: Well, I think that everybody -- people do things for a whole variety of different reasons and I think that, you know, when I'm on me deathbed, I will want to feel that I've made a difference to other people's lives. RB: I'm 56.","RB: ""i think I was a bit of a rebel then, or how would you do in a situation like that?"" RB: ""when I'm on me deathbed, I will want to feel that I've made a difference to other people's lives""","Richard Branson talks to TED's Chris Anderson about the ups and the downs of his career, from his multibillionaire success to his multiple near-death experiences -- and reveals some of his (very surprising) motivations."
166,"So, I had a $100,000 debt, and I noticed that the Kramer prize for human-powered flight, which had then been around for -- (Laughter) -- 17 years at the time, was 50,000 pounds, which, at the exchange rate, was just about 100,000 dollars. (Laughter) But that sure started me thinking about various things, and immediately, we began making a solar-powered plane because we felt solar power was going to be so important for the country and the world, we didn't want the small funding in the government to be decreased, which is what the government was trying to do with it. I wanted to show the slide -- this slide, I think, is the most important one any of you will see, ever, because -- (Laughter) (Applause) -- it shows nature versus humans, and goes from 1850 to 2050. You all got a couple of these in your gift bags, and one of the first things, the production version seemed to dive a little bit, and so I would just suggest you bend the wing tips up a little bit before you try flying it. As the wind comes up, it has to go over the cliff, so as you walk through the air, it goes around your body, some has to go over you. The launch is the difficult part: you've got to hold it high up, over your head, and you start walking forward, and just let go of it, and you can control it like that. (Applause) And that's it, so you can just control it, wherever you want, and it's just hours of fun. (Laughter) And this, we just wanted to show you -- if we can get the video running on this, yeah -- just an example of a little video surveillance. (Laughter) And that's it. I was going to bring an airplane, but I was worried about hitting people in here, so I thought this would be a little bit more gentle.","a solar-powered plane is a demonstration of the power of nature versus humans. the airplane has a wing tip that bends up a little before it goes through the air. the flight is the difficult part, so you've got to hold it high up, over your head.","Paul MacCready -- aircraft designer, environmentalist, and lifelong lover of flight -- talks about his long career."
167,"And all of these robotic missions are part of a bigger human journey: a voyage to understand something, to get a sense of our cosmic place, to understand something of our origins, and how Earth, our planet, and we, living on it, came to be. It has a very large, thick atmosphere, and in fact, its surface environment was believed to be more like the environment we have here on the Earth, or at least had in the past, than any other body in the solar system. And so it turns out that methane is to Titan what water is to the Earth. (Laughter) That is the view that we had of the surface of Titan before we got there with Cassini,   and I can tell you that what we have found on Titan, though it is not the same in detail, is every bit as fascinating as that story is. And what you see is bright and dark regions, and that's about as far as it got for us. This, we later found out, is, in fact, a crater, but there are very few craters on the surface of Titan, meaning it's a very young surface. It is so significant that, in my mind, this was an event that should have been celebrated with ticker tape parades in every city across the U.S. and Europe, and sadly, that wasn't the case. And I can't tell you what it was like to see the first pictures of Titan's surface from the probe. (Laughter) And then finally, the probe came to rest on the surface, and I'm going to show you, ladies and gentlemen, the first picture ever taken from the surface of a moon in the outer solar system. So it wasn't fluid that we landed in.","methane is to Titan what water is to the earth, says john sutter. sutter: this was an event that should have been celebrated with ticker tape parades. he says the first picture ever taken from the surface of a moon in the outer solar system. sutter: we're going to show you, ladies and gentlemen, the first picture of a moon.","Planetary scientist Carolyn Porco shows images from the Cassini voyage to Saturn, focusing on its largest moon, Titan, and on frozen Enceladus, which seems to shoot jets of ice."
168,"And that got me into a discussion with some other people, other scientists, about maybe some other subjects, and one of the guys I talked to, who was a neuroscientist, said, ""You know, I think there are a lot of solutions to the problems you brought up,"" and reminds me of Michael's talk yesterday and his mother saying you can't have a solution if you don't have a problem. But I also hope, because I think the people in this room can literally change the world, I hope you take some of this stuff away with you, and when you have an opportunity to be influential, that you try to get some heavy-duty money spent on some of these ideas. And with the kind of computing power we have now, there is, as I say, some of this going on, but it needs money. What can we do about this? But what happens, as this occurs, is that we lose our magnetic field around the Earth over the period of about 100 years, and that means that all these cosmic rays and particles that are to come streaming at us from the sun, that this field protects us from, are -- well, basically, we're gonna fry. You don't need that much up there. But the alarming thing is that astronomers recently have been studying stars that are similar to our Sun, and they've found that a number of them, when they're about the age of our Sun, brighten by a factor of as much as 20. So, what can we do about this? So, what can we do about it? You know, 10 years ago, or 15 years ago, really, you walk into an astronomy convention, and you say, ""You know, there's probably a black hole at the center of every galaxy,"" and they're going to hoot you off the stage.","astronomers recently have been studying stars similar to our Sun. they've found that a number of them, when they're about the age of our Sun, brighten by a factor of as much as 20.",How might the human race end? Stephen Petranek lays out 10 terrible options and the science behind them. Will we be wiped out by an asteroid? Eco-collapse? How about a particle collider gone wild?
169,"I'm going to try to give you a view of the world as I see it, the problems and the opportunities that we face, and then ask the question if we should be optimistic or pessimistic. And if it will be, it's the right thing to do, and if not, rethink it."" For those of us in this room, it's not just the poorest and the most vulnerable individual, it's the community, it's the culture, it's the world itself. What will that do to Bangladesh? And take a look at this. We're all in this together. Global warming is something that happens to all of us, all at once. There have been 30 novel emerging communicable diseases that begin in animals that have jumped species in the last 30 years. It should make you optimistic that smallpox no longer exists because it was the worst disease in history. In the last century -- that's the one that was seven years ago -- half a billion people died from smallpox: more than all the wars in history, more than any other infectious disease in the history of the world.","global warming is something that happens to all of us, all at once. there have been 30 novel emerging communicable diseases that begin in animals. it should make you optimistic that smallpox no longer exists because it was the worst disease in history.","We've known about global warming for 50 years and done little about it, says Google.org director Larry Brilliant. In spite of this and other depressing trends, he's optimistic and tells us why. From Skoll World Forum, Oxford, UK, www.skollfoundation.org"
170,"I'm going to tell you three stories on the way to one argument that's going to tell you a little bit about how we open user-generated content up for business. Now, that was a pretty good system for most of the history of the regulation of land, until this technology came along, and people began to wonder, were these instruments trespassers as they flew over land without clearing the rights of the farms below as they traveled across the country? And the important point to recognize is that even though these broadcasters were broadcasting something you would call second best, that competition was enough to break, at that time, this legal cartel over access to music. So, let's have some very few examples to get a sense of what I'm talking about here. (Music) (Laughter) And this is the best. The only thing that's bright ... My first love ... You're every breath that I take ... You're every step I make ... And I .... (Applause) And it's important to emphasize that what this is not is not what we call, quote, ""piracy."" Now, in response to this new use of culture using digital technologies, the law has not greeted this Sousa revival with very much common sense. And second, we need the businesses that are building out this read-write culture to embrace this opportunity expressly, to enable it, so that this ecology of free content, or freer content, can grow on a neutral platform where they both exist simultaneously, so that more-free can compete with less-free, and the opportunity to develop the creativity in that competition can teach one the lessons of the other. It is technology that has made them different, and as we see what this technology can do, we need to recognize you can't kill the instinct the technology produces.",john avlon: we need businesses that are building out read-write culture to embrace opportunity. avlon: free content can grow on neutral platform where they both exist simultaneously. he says we need to recognize you can't kill the instinct the technology produces. avlon: we need businesses that are building out read-write culture to enable it.,"Lawrence Lessig, the Net’s most celebrated lawyer, cites John Philip Sousa, celestial copyrights and the ""ASCAP cartel"" in his argument for reviving our creative culture."
171,"And definitively, I don't know why I am here, but -- you know the nightmare you can have, like you are an impostor, you arrive at the opera, and they push you, ""You must sing!"" What is the life of the owner of this mouth? But when I come back, I can understand why I shall not do it, because today to not do it, it's more positive than do it, or how I shall do it. The first, if you want -- there is so many -- but one which is very easy to do, is the duty of vision. If you raise the level of your eyes a little more you go, ""I see you, oh my God you are here, how are you, I can help you, I can design for you a new toothbrush, new toilet brush,"" something like that. Like that. That's why I say that. This scenario, of this civilization, was about becoming powerful, intelligent, like this idea we have invented, this concept of God. And when you don't understand really what's happened, you cannot go and fight and work and build and things like that. And you can fall, and it's very dangerous.","bob greene: to not do it, it's more positive than do it, or how I shall do it. he says to not do it, it's more positive than do it, or how I shall do it. greene: to not do it, it's more positive than do it, or how I shall do it. greene: to not do it, it's more positive than do it, or how I shall do it.","Designer Philippe Starck -- with no pretty slides to show -- spends 18 minutes reaching for the very roots of the question ""Why design?"" Listen carefully for one perfect mantra for all of us, genius or not."
172,"The exhibition was meant to be a way to have children think of doing ... you know when they do homeworks at home? Design can be that, of course, but it can also be this. You really have power in that people usually tend to know about your exhibition or see the exhibitions, and that is power because in a design museum I wouldn't have as many visitors. There have been many episodes, and actually Eames Demetrius may be here in the audience, but in two instances, his great-grandfather, grandfather -- I'm always a little perplexed about the relation, exactly -- Charles Eames the first time and then Charles and Ray Eames the second time were involved in two competitions: one in 1940, it was about organic furniture, and the second one in 1948 was low-cost furniture for the GIs coming back from the war that then sparked a whole line of furniture. And then, for instance, this other exhibition that was entitled Workspheres in 2001, where I asked different designers to come up with ideas for the new type of work styles that were happening in the world at that time. But the interesting thing in the exhibition is the discovery that the ultimate shelter is your sense of self, and there are quite a few designers that are working on this particular topic. And it was really interesting because I was the last speaker and before me there were people that were really talking about luxury, and I didn't want to be a party pooper but at the same time I felt that I had to kind of bring back the discourse to reality. So they're quite beautiful, but they're beautiful because they're so smart and economical. (Laughter) It's quite beautiful because somehow, this is a gorgeous moment for design. For instance, this is a beautiful container for asthma medicine that kind of inflates itself when it's time for you to take the medicine, so the child has to go -- pffff!","the ultimate shelter is your sense of self. the exhibition was meant to be a way to have children think of doing homeworks. it's beautiful because somehow, this is a gorgeous moment for design.","Paola Antonelli, design curator at New York's Museum of Modern Art, wants to spread her appreciation of design -- in all shapes and forms -- around the world."
173,"And that's been called the face area in the brain, because when it's damaged, you can no longer recognize people's faces. Well, what you do is, if you take any one of you here, and put you in front of a screen, and measure your galvanic skin response, and show pictures on the screen, I can measure how you sweat when you see an object, like a table or an umbrella. So the patient had an actual arm, which is painful, in a sling for a few months or a year, and then, in a misguided attempt to get rid of the pain in the arm, the surgeon amputates the arm, and then you get a phantom arm with the same pains, right? He had a phantom arm, excruciatingly painful, and he couldn't move it. (Applause) My first patient came in, and he looked in the mirror, and I said, ""Look at your reflection of your phantom."" So he said OK, and he took it home. (Laughter) ""So, can you change the design and put it on my forehead, so I can, you know, do this and eliminate my phantom fingers?"" And your motor command saying there is an arm, and, because of this conflict, the brain says, to hell with it, there is no phantom, there is no arm, right? So, we found that the color area and the number area are right next to each other in the brain, in the fusiform gyrus. Now, this is very important, because what it's telling you is your brain is engaging in a primitive -- it's just -- it looks like a silly illusion, but these photons in your eye are doing this shape, and hair cells in your ear are exciting the auditory pattern, but the brain is able to extract the common denominator.",the face area in the brain is right next to each other in the fusiform gyrus. the color area and the number area are right next to each other in the brain. it's telling you that your brain is engaging in a primitive illusion.,"Vilayanur Ramachandran tells us what brain damage can reveal about the connection between celebral tissue and the mind, using three startling delusions as examples."
174,"Not because there was not enough food -- because there was actually a surplus of food in the fertile regions of the south parts of the country -- but because in the north, people could not access or entitle themselves to that food. And most of Africa's farmers are, by and large, small farmers in terms of land that they operate, and very, very small farmers in terms of the capital they have at their disposal. And this is not just specific to Ethiopia, but happens over and over, all over Africa. When conditions are right, we know and see that that innovation is ready to explode in rural Africa, just like anywhere else. After having spent more than a decade understanding, studying, and trying to convince policymakers and donors about what was wrong with Africa's agricultural markets, I decided it was time to do something about it. Now, the commodity exchange itself, that concept, is not new to the world. This innovation is at the heart of the transformation of American agriculture, and the rise of Chicago to a global market, agricultural market, superpower from where it was, a small regional town. So, the ECX is an Ethiopian exchange for Ethiopia. And this is because one of the things we've learned over the last decade of studying market development in Africa is that the piecemeal approach does not work. Can Ethiopia do this?",the ECX is an Ethiopian exchange for Ethiopia. the concept is at the heart of the transformation of american agriculture. the ECX is an Ethiopian exchange for Ethiopia.,"Economist Eleni Gabre-Madhin outlines her ambitious vision to found the first commodities market in Ethiopia. Her plan would create wealth, minimize risk for farmers and turn the world's largest recipient of food aid into a regional food basket."
175,"Now in the 1980s, I happened to notice that if you look at an aerial photograph of an African village, you see fractals. And of course I had to go to Africa and ask folks why. (Laughter) And so I finally got to this city, and I'd done a little fractal model for the city just to see how it would sort of unfold -- but when I got there, I got to the palace of the chief, and my French is not very good; I said something like, ""I am a mathematician and I would like to stand on your roof."" But he was really cool about it, and he took me up there, and we talked about fractals. Here's one house with the sacred altar, here's the house of houses, the family enclosure, with the humans here where the sacred altar would be, and then here's the village as a whole -- a ring of ring of rings with the chief's extended family here, the chief's immediate family here, and here there's a tiny village only this big. So, when I got to the village, I said, ""Can you take me to the square building? He said, ""Well, if I lived in the jungle, I would only use the long rows of straw because they're very quick and they're very cheap. You can find it on the East Coast as well as the West Coast, and often the symbols are very well preserved, so each of these symbols has four bits -- it's a four-bit binary word -- you draw these lines in the sand randomly, and then you count off, and if it's an odd number, you put down one stroke, and if it's an even number, you put down two strokes. And I started explaining why I was there in Africa, and they got very excited when they saw the Cantor set. So it's really very successful teaching children that they have a heritage that's about mathematics, that it's not just about singing and dancing.",mathematician says he'd like to stand on the roof of the palace of the chief. fractals are a way of teaching children that math is not just about singing and dancing. fractals are a way of teaching children that math is not just about singing and dancing.,"'I am a mathematician, and I would like to stand on your roof.' That is how Ron Eglash greeted many African families he met while researching the fractal patterns he'd noticed in villages across the continent."
176,"They go out, they get the food, they dig the nest, and the queen never comes out again. And then this is how colony size and numbers of worker ants changes -- so this is about 10,000 worker ants -- changes as a function of colony age, in years. That's not just how is the colony organized, but how does it change what it's doing? So you see the nest maintenance workers come out with a bit of sand, put it down, turn around, and go back in. So just to reinforce that what you might have thought about ant queens isn't true -- you know, even if the queen did have the intelligence to send chemical messages through this whole network of chambers to tell the ants outside what to do, there is no way that such messages could make it in time to see the shifts in the allocation of workers that we actually see outside the nest. And what I wanted to know was, ""OK, here's a situation where extra nest maintenance workers were recruited -- is this going to have any effect on the workers performing other tasks?"" So, for example, when there's extra nest maintenance work to do, it's not that the foragers switch over. And what we're learning is that an ant uses the pattern of its antennal contacts, the rate at which it meets ants of other tasks, in deciding what to do. They've gone out to do different tasks, and the rate at which they meet as they come in and out of the nest entrance determines, or influences, each ant's decision about whether to go out, and which task to perform. You can also see this in the ants just outside the nest entrance like these.","sally kohn: colony size, number of worker ants changes as a function of colony age. kohn: queen has intelligence to tell ants outside what to do, but it's not enough. she says ants use pattern of contacts, rate at which they meet, to decide what to do. kohn: ants use pattern of contacts, rate at which they meet, to decide whether to go out.","Deborah Gordon studies ant colonies in the Arizona desert to understand their complex social system. She asks: How do these chitinous creatures get down to business -- and even multitask when they need to -- with no language, memory or visible leadership? Her answers could lead to a better understanding of all complex systems, from the brain to the Web. Thanks, ants."
177,"Ladies and gentlemen, the history of music and television on the Internet in three minutes. A TED medley -- a TEDley. ♫ It's nine o' clock on a Saturday ♫ ♫ The record store's closed for the night ♫ ♫ So I fire up the old iTunes music store ♫ ♫ And soon I am feelin' all right ♫ ♫ I know Steve Jobs can find me a melody ♫ ♫ With one dollar pricing that rocks ♫ ♫ I can type in the track and get album names back ♫ ♫ While still in my PJs and socks ♫ ♫ Sell us a song, you're the music man ♫ ♫ My iPod's still got 10 gigs to go ♫ ♫ Yes, we might prefer more compatibility ♫ ♫ But Steve likes to run the whole show ♫ ♫ I heard ""Desperate Housewives"" was great last night ♫ ♫ But I had a bad piece of cod ♫ ♫ As I threw up my meal, I thought, ""It's no big deal"" ♫ ♫ I'll watch it tonight on my 'Pod ♫ ♫ And now all of the networks are joining in ♫ ♫ Two bucks a show without ads ♫ ♫ It's a business those guys always wanted to try ♫ ♫ But only Steve Jobs had the 'nads ♫ ♫ They say we're young, don't watch TV ♫ ♫ They say the Internet is all we see ♫ ♫ But that's not true; they've got it wrong ♫ ♫ See, all our shows are just two minutes long ♫ ♫ Hey ♫ ♫ I got YouTube ♫ ♫ I got YouTube ♫ And now, ladies and gentlemen, a tribute to the Recording Industry Association of America -- the RIAA! ♫ Young man, you were surfin' along ♫ ♫ And then, young man, you downloaded a song ♫ ♫ And then, dumb man, copied it to your 'Pod ♫ ♫ Then a phone call came to tell you ... ♫ ♫ You've just been sued by the R-I-A-A ♫ ♫ You've just been screwed by the R-I-A-A ♫ ♫ Their attorneys say you committed a crime ♫ ♫ And there'd better not be a next time ♫ ♫ They've lost their minds at the R-I-A-A ♫ ♫ Justice is blind at the R-I-A-A ♫ ♫ You're depriving the bands ♫ ♫ You are learning to steal ♫ ♫ You can't do whatever you feel ♫ ♫ CD sales have dropped every year ♫ ♫ They're not greedy, they're just quaking with fear ♫ ♫ Yes indeedy, what if their end is near ♫ ♫ And we download all our music ♫ ♫ Yeah, that would piss off the R-I-A-A ♫ ♫ No plastic discs from the R-I-A-A ♫ ♫ What a way to make friends ♫ ♫ It's a plan that can't fail ♫ ♫ All your customers off to jail ♫ ♫ Who'll be next for the R-I-A-A? ♫ ♫ What else is vexing the R-I-A-A? ♫ ♫ Maybe whistling a tune ♫ ♫ Maybe humming along ♫ ♫ Maybe mocking 'em in a song ♫",the history of music and television on the Internet in three minutes. a tribute to the Recording Industry Association of America -- the RIAA.,"New York Times tech columnist David Pogue performs a satirical mini-medley about iTunes and the downloading wars, borrowing a few notes from Sonny and Cher and the Village People."
178,"I then went on to make more comments on the media and press imagery, so I started making reference to media imagery -- made it grainy, shot through doorways and so on and so forth -- to titillate the public or the viewer further in terms of trying to make the viewer more aware of their own voyeurism. So, this is an image of Diana looking at Camilla kissing her husband, and this was a sequence of images. This is Jane Smith and Jo Bloggs, for instance, but you think it's Camilla and the Queen, and I'm fascinated how what you think is real isn't necessarily real. And that is the way, I think, that celebrity magazines work now: the more pictures you see of these celebrities, the more you feel you know them, but you don't know them and you want to know them further. And then I was sort of making imagery. Which I found very interesting that it was going full cycle: I was making comments about the press and about how we know facts and information only by media -- because we don't know the real people; very few of us know the real people -- but it was going back into the press and they were publicizing, effectively, my filthy work. And me as the Queen. She looks nothing like Marilyn, but by the time we've made her up and put wigs and makeup on, she looks exactly like Marilyn, to the extent that her husband couldn't recognize her -- or recognize this look-alike -- in these photographs, which I find quite interesting. And I think it doesn't really matter that my work is considered humorous, in a way; I think it's a way in for me to deal with the importance of imagery and how we read all our information through imagery. I mean, it's extremely difficult to find these look-alikes, so I'm constantly going up to people in the street and trying to ask people to come and be in one of my photographs or films.","the queen looks nothing like Marilyn, but by the time we've made her up, she looks exactly like Marilyn. i'm constantly going up to people in the street and trying to ask people to come and be in one of my photographs.","By making photographs that seem to show our favorite celebs (Diana, Elton John) doing what we really, secretly, want to see them doing, Alison Jackson explores our desire to get personal with celebs. Contains graphic images."
179,"This is your conference, and I think you have a right to know a little bit right now, in this transition period, about this guy who's going to be looking after it for you for a bit. It's called Future; it was a magazine publishing company. I thought the little graph of my business life that kind of looked a bit like Moore's Law -- ever upward and to the right -- it was going to go on forever. And the way in which you could think about us as a species and us as a planet had just changed so much, and it was incredibly exciting. And what was really most exciting -- and I think Richard Wurman discovered this at least 20 years before I did -- was that all this stuff is connected. And when you think about it, it's very true: what we all most desire is a penis -- or ""happiness"" as we say in English. (Laughter) (Applause) But something as basic as happiness, which 20 years ago would have been just something for discussion in the church or mosque or synagogue, today it turns out that there's dozens of TED-like questions that you can ask about it, which are really interesting. And so on, and so on. (Laughter) So, I gave myself the job title of TED Custodian for a reason, and I will promise you right here and now that the core values that make TED special are not going to be interfered with. Already, just in the last few days, we've had so many people talking about stuff that they care about, that they're passionate about, that can make a difference in the world, and the idea of getting this group of people together -- some of the causes that we believe in, the money that this conference can raise and the ideas -- I really believe that that combination will, over time, make a difference.","john avlon: what we all most desire is a penis -- or ""happiness"" avlon: today there's dozens of TED-like questions that you can ask about happiness. he says the core values that make TED special are not going to be interfered with. avlon: if you want to make a difference in the world, you need a TED custodian.","Chris Anderson gave this talk in 2002, prior to taking over leadership of TED. Co-founder Richard Saul Wurman was leaving, and TED's future was in the balance. He seeks to persuade TEDsters that what was then a for-profit conference had a secure future as an idea-based nonprofit endeavor."
180,"In a few months, the world is also going to celebrate the launch of a new invention from Microsoft Research, which I think is going to have as profound an impact on the way we view the universe as Galileo did four centuries ago. It's called the WorldWide Telescope, and I want to thank TED and Microsoft for allowing me to bring it to your attention. It's going to change the way we do astronomy, it's going to change the way we teach astronomy and I think most importantly it's going to change the way we see ourselves in the universe. In 1920, for example, you weren't allowed to drink; if you were a woman, you weren't allowed to vote; and if you looked up at the stars and the Milky Way on a summer night, what you saw was thought to be the entire universe. We see alien worlds, we see alien solar systems -- 300 now, and still counting -- and they're not like us. And in telling stories, each of us is going to understand the universe in our own way. Before I introduce the person responsible for the WorldWide Telescope, I just want to leave you with this brief thought: when I ask people, ""How does the night sky make you feel?"" And thanks to the creators of the WorldWide Telescope, we can now start to have a dialogue with the universe. (Applause) I can't tell you what a privilege it is to introduce Curtis Wong from Microsoft. And the tours are all totally interactive, so that if I were to go somewhere ... you may be watching a tour and you can pause anywhere along the way, pull up other information -- there are lots of Web and information sources about places you might want to go -- you can zoom in, you can pull back out.","in a few months, the world is going to celebrate the launch of a new invention from Microsoft Research. it's called the WorldWide Telescope, and i want to thank TED and Microsoft for allowing me to bring it to your attention. it's going to change the way we do astronomy, it's going to change the way we teach astronomy.","Educator Roy Gould and researcher Curtis Wong show a sneak preview of Microsoft's WorldWide Telescope, which compiles images from telescopes and satellites to build a comprehensive, interactive view of our universe."
181,"At the end of lunch, they untie the anchor, they set off through the Baths of Caracalla and over the walls of the city and then an abandoned gatehouse and decide to take one more look at the Pyramid of Cestius, which has this lightning rod on top. Unfortunately, that's a problem: they get a little too close, and when you're in a dirigible you have to be very careful about spikes. So I thought, well, I'll just do piazzas, and I'll get inside and underneath and I'll show these things growing and show why they're shaped the way they are and so on. I could peel out a page of this palazzo to show you what's going on inside of it. OK, if I don't open the book the whole way, if I just open it 90 degrees, we're looking down the front of the Pantheon, and we're looking sort of at the top, more or less down on the square. But it would be a journey that went through Rome and showed all the things that I like about Rome. So it's a homeless pigeon now and it's going to have to find another place to live, and that allows me to go through my catalog of favorite things, and we start with the tall ones and so on. So, these are all title pages that eventually led me to the solution I settled on, which is the story of a young woman who sends a message on a homing pigeon -- she lives outside the walls of the city of Rome -- to someone in the city. If you see the red line, you are seeing the trail of the pigeon; if you don't see the red line, you are the pigeon. And then we can swoop inside and around; and because we're flying, we don't really have to worry about gravity at this particular moment in time, so this drawing can be oriented in any way on the page.","a young woman sends a message on a homing pigeon to someone in the city of Rome. if you see the red line, you are the trail of the pigeon; if you don't see the red line, you are the pigeon. because we're flying, we don't really have to worry about gravity at this particular moment in time.","David Macaulay relives the winding and sometimes surreal journey toward the completion of Rome Antics, his illustrated homage to the historic city."
182,"We have a grammar that suggests that's who we are; that we are sovereign subjects in nature, the bee as well as me. And that's when I got the idea, which was, ""Well, what would happen if we kind of looked at us from this point of view of these other species who are working on us?"" And I realized that in the same way you can look at a flower and deduce all sorts of interesting things about the taste and the desires of bees -- that they like sweetness, that they like this color and not that color, that they like symmetry -- what could we find out about ourselves by doing the same thing? (Laughter) We have this intellectual, this Darwinian revolution in which, thanks to Darwin, we figured out we are just one species among many; evolution is working on us the same way it's working on all the others; we are acted upon as well as acting; we are really in the fiber, the fabric of life. So when you look at the plants, you realize that there are other tools and they're just as interesting. And I'm going to take you to a farm right now, because I used this idea to develop my understanding of the food system and what I learned, in fact, is that we are all, now, being manipulated by corn. Let me take you to a very different kind of farm. And this is a lot more than growing food, as you'll see; this is a different way to think about nature and a way to get away from the zero-sum notion, the Cartesian idea that either nature's winning or we're winning, and that for us to get what we want, nature is diminished. And what I realized when I understood this -- and if you ask Joel Salatin what he is, he'll tell you he's not a chicken farmer, he's not a sheep farmer, he's not a cattle rancher; he's a grass farmer, because grass is really the keystone species of such a system -- is that, if you think about it, this completely contradicts the tragic idea of nature we hold in our heads, which is that for us to get what we want, nature is diminished. And what it tells you is that if you begin to take account of other species, take account of the soil, that even with nothing more than this perspectival idea -- because there is no technology involved here except for those fences, which are so cheap they could be all over Africa in no time -- that we can take the food we need from the Earth and actually heal the Earth in the process.","gene seymour: we are all, now, being manipulated by corn. he says this is a different way to think about nature and a way to get away from zero-sum notion. seymour: it contradicts tragic idea of nature we hold in our heads that for us to get what we want, nature is diminished.",What if human consciousness isn't the end-all and be-all of Darwinism? What if we are all just pawns in corn's clever strategy game to rule the Earth? Author Michael Pollan asks us to see the world from a plant's-eye view.
183,"♫ Jill Sobule: At a conference in Monterey by the big, big jellyfish tank, ♫ ♫ I first saw you and I got so shy. And then the pilot didn't go and I was so sad, but I kept remaining a fan of yours. (Laughter) (Applause) And little did I know that one year later ... ♫ we'd be doing this show. Sweeney: Can you stand it?! ♫ ♫ Why are all our heroes so imperfect? ♫ Sweeney: I know. ♫ Sweeney: I know. It makes ""What the Bleep Do We Know"" seem like a doctoral dissertation from Harvard on quantum mechanics -- that's how bad it is. And all I'm saying is that I really wish that Murray Gell-Mann would go on Oprah and just explain to her that the law of attraction is, in fact, not a law. (Laughter) (Applause) ♫ Sobule: I sing.","""what the Bleep Do We Know"" makes ""what the Bleep Do We Know"" seem like a doctoral dissertation from Harvard on quantum mechanics. ""i really wish that Murray Gell-Mann would go on Oprah and explain to her that the law of attraction is, in fact, not a law.""","Two TED favorites, Jill Sobule and Julia Sweeney, team up for a delightful set that mixes witty songwriting with a little bit of social commentary."
184,"Not only do I have a fleet of cars available to me in seven cities around the world that I can have at my beck and call, but heaven forbid I would ever maintain or deal with the repair or have anything to do with it. So, what is the social result of this? You know it's going to really transform how we feel about travel, and it will also, I think, enhance our freedom of mobility. And it's the cost of driving that's making people want to be able to do this. In London, the day they turned the congestion pricing on, there was a 25 percent decrease in congestion overnight, and that's persisted for the four years in which they've been doing congestion pricing. And as we get our cars more fuel-efficient, that's going to be reducing the amount of revenue that you get off of those gas taxes, so we need to charge people by the mile that they drive. When are we going to do it? Are we going to wait 10 to 15 years for this to happen or are we going to finally have this political will to make it happen in the next two years? So, the examples that I gave you are these islands of mesh networks, and networks are interesting only as they are big. When are we going to do it?","cost of driving is making people want to be able to do this, says john sutter. sutter: we need to charge people by the mile that they drive. he says we need to charge people by the mile. sutter: it's going to transform how we feel about travel.","Robin Chase founded Zipcar, the world’s biggest car-sharing business. That was one of her smaller ideas. Here she travels much farther, contemplating road-pricing schemes that will shake up our driving habits and a mesh network vast as the Interstate."
185,"We're actually starting at a new point: we've been digitizing biology, and now we're trying to go from that digital code into a new phase of biology with designing and synthesizing life. This is the map of a small organism, Mycoplasma genitalium, that has the smallest genome for a species that can self-replicate in the laboratory, and we've been trying to just see if we can come up with an even smaller genome. We're able to knock out on the order of 100 genes out of the 500 or so that are here. There are tens of thousands of machines around the world that make small pieces of DNA -- 30 to 50 letters in length -- and it's a degenerate process, so the longer you make the piece, the more errors there are. Part of the design is designing pieces that are 50 letters long that have to overlap with all the other 50-letter pieces to build smaller subunits we have to design so they can go together. And we started making pieces, starting with pieces that were 5,000 to 7,000 letters, put those together to make 24,000-letter pieces, then put sets of those going up to 72,000. With bacteria and Archaea, the chromosome is integrated into the cell, but we recently showed that we can do a complete transplant of a chromosome from one cell to another and activate it. Now I've argued, this is not genesis; this is building on three and a half billion years of evolution. We're about to go from six and a half to nine billion people over the next 40 years. We now, from our discovery around the world, have a database with about 20 million genes, and I like to think of these as the design components of the future.","we've been digitizing biology, and now we're trying to go from that digital code into a new phase of biology. we're about to go from six and a half to nine billion people over the next 40 years. we now have a database with about 20 million genes, and we think of them as the design components of the future.","""Can we create new life out of our digital universe?"" Craig Venter asks. His answer is ""yes"" -- and pretty soon. He walks through his latest research and promises that we'll soon be able to build and boot up a synthetic chromosome. NOTE: This talk was given in 2008, and this field of science has developed quickly since then. Read ""Criticisms & updates"" below for more details."
186,"How do you discover the uniqueness of a project as unique as a person? And so I'll take you to Wichita, Kansas, where I was asked some years ago to do a science museum on a site, right downtown by the river. (Laughter) And so the process began and they said, ""You can't put it all on an island; some of it has to be on the mainland because we don't want to turn our back to the community."" It was, what I would say, compositional complexity, and I felt that if I had to fulfill what I talked about -- a building for science -- there had to be some kind of a generating idea, some kind of a generating geometry. I worked on it for months and I couldn't deal with it because I felt people were coming out of the historic museum, they are totally saturated with information and to see yet another museum with information, it would make them just unable to digest. And as you come from the north, it is all masonry growing out of the sand cliffs as you come from the Himalayas and evoking the tradition of the fortress. And all of it, then, all the galleries are underground, and you see the openings for the light. That too was a competition, and it is something I'm just beginning to work on. If it were to be anywhere in Washington, it would be an office building, a conference center, a place for negotiating peace and so on -- all of which the building is -- but by virtue of the choice of putting it on the Mall and by the Lincoln Memorial, this becomes the structure that is the symbol of peace on the Mall. And what I felt about that building is that it really was a building that had to do with a lightness of being -- to quote Kundera -- that it had to do with whiteness, it had to do with a certain dynamic quality and it had to do with optimism.","a science museum in wichita, kansas, is the symbol of peace on the mall. curator: ""it really was a building that had to do with a certain dynamic quality and it had to do with optimism"" curator: ""it's a building that has to do with a certain dynamic quality and it had to do with optimism""","Looking back over his long career, architect Moshe Safdie delves into four of his design projects and explains how he labored to make each one truly unique for its site and its users."
187,"Get back into my body now."" (Tones) So basically, with both of your hands you're controlling pitch and volume and kind of trying to create the illusion that you're doing separate notes, when really it's continuously going ... (Flourish ... Beep) (Laughter) Sometimes I startle myself: I'll forget that I have it on, and I'll lean over to pick up something, and then it goes like -- (Blip) -- ""Oh!"" We're going to do a song by David Mash called ""Listen: the Words Are Gone,"" and maybe I'll have words come back into me afterwards if I can relax. (Music) (Applause) So, I'm trying to think of some of the questions that are commonly asked; there are so many. And a lot of times, even kids nowadays, they'll make reference to a theremin by going, ""Whoo-hoo-hoo-hoo,"" because in the '50s it was used in the sci-fi horror movies, that sound that's like ... (Woo-hoo-hoo-hoo) (Laughter) It's kind of a funny, goofy sound to do. And sometimes if I have too much coffee, then my vibrato gets out of hand. It reminds me of the balancing act earlier on -- what Michael was doing -- because you're fighting so hard to keep the balance with what you're playing with and stay in tune, and at the same time you don't want to focus so much on being in tune all the time; you want to be feeling the music. And then also, you're trying to stay very, very, very still because little movements with other parts of your body will affect the pitch, or sometimes if you're holding a low note -- (Tone rising out of key) -- and breathing will make it ... (Laughter)  If I pass out on the next song ... (Laughter) I think of it almost like like a yoga instrument because it makes you so aware of every little crazy thing your body is doing, or just aware of what you don't want it to be doing while you're playing; you don't want to have any sudden movements. It really does reflect the mood that you're in also, if you're ... it's similar to being a vocalist, except instead of it coming out of your throat, you're controlling it just in the air and you don't really have a point of reference; you're always relying on your ears and adjusting constantly. You just have to always adjust to what's happening and realize you'll have bummer notes come here and there and listen to it, adjust it, and just move on, or else you'll get too tied up and go crazy.","a lot of kids today will make reference to a theremin by going, ""Whoo-hoo-hoo-hoo"" if they have too much coffee, then my vibrato gets out of hand. ""it's kind of a funny, goofy sound to do,"" a musician says.","Virtuoso Pamelia Kurstin performs and discusses her theremin, the not-just-for-sci-fi electronic instrument that is played without being touched. Songs include ""Autumn Leaves,"" ""Lush Life"" and David Mash’s ""Listen, Words Are Gone."""
188,"And we don't know exactly how they did this, although they must have solved some collective action problems; it only makes sense that you can't hunt mastodons while you're fighting with the other groups. And again, we have no way of knowing, but it's clear that a new form of wealth must have emerged. I'm going to talk briefly about two of them: the prisoner's dilemma and the tragedy of the commons. Now, when I talked about this with Kevin Kelly, he assured me that everybody in this audience pretty much knows the details of the prisoner's dilemma, so I'm just going to go over that very, very quickly. Neither one wants to be the first one or they're going to get the sucker's payoff, but both lose, of course, because they don't get what they want. Another economic game that may not be as well known as the prisoner's dilemma is the ultimatum game, and it's also a very interesting probe of our assumptions about the way people make economic transactions. Here's how the game is played: there are two players; they've never played the game before, they will not play the game again, they don't know each other, and they are, in fact, in separate rooms. And I don't have enough time to talk about all of them, but think about self-interest. This is all about self-interest that adds up to more. What forms of suffering could be alleviated, what forms of wealth could be created if we knew a little bit more about cooperation?",frida ghitis: the prisoner's dilemma and the tragedy of the commons are two examples. ghitis: the ultimatum game is a very interesting probe of our assumptions about economic transactions. she says it's all about self-interest that adds up to more. ghitis: it's clear that a new form of wealth must have emerged.,"Howard Rheingold talks about the coming world of collaboration, participatory media and collective action -- and how Wikipedia is really an outgrowth of our natural human instinct to work as a group."
189,"This was a project to build a 4,000-ton nuclear bomb-propelled spaceship and go to Saturn and Jupiter. And one of the people who worked on it at the beginning was my father, Freeman, there in the middle. But all the time I was out there doing these strange kayak voyages in odd, beautiful parts of this planet, I always thought in the back of my mind about Project Orion, and how my father and his friends were going to build these big ships. My father was not going to take his children, that was one of the reasons we sort of had a falling out for a few years. So put that library at the bottom of that ship -- that's how big the thing was going to be. These are the statistics of what would be the good places to go and stop. So, they had a lot of fun doing this. The good news is that NASA has a small, secret contingency-plan division that is looking at this, trying to keep knowledge of Orion preserved in the event of such a misfortune. The bad news is, when I got in contact with these people to try and get some documents from them, they went crazy because I had all this stuff that they don't have, and NASA purchased 1,759 pages of this stuff from me. So that's the state we're at; it's not very good.","john avlon: project was to build a 4,000-ton nuclear bomb-propelled spaceship. avlon: the good news is that NASA has a small, secret contingency-plan division. he says they're trying to keep knowledge of Orion preserved in the event of such a misfortune. avlon: we're at a point where we're in a very bad place.","Author George Dyson spins the story of Project Orion, a massive, nuclear-powered spacecraft that could have taken us to Saturn in five years. His insider’s perspective and a secret cache of documents bring an Atomic Age dream to life."
190,"She does this with cardboard, but since I have an expensive computer here I'll just rotate this little guy around and ... Now having seen that -- and I've seen it hundreds of times, because I use this in every talk I give -- I still can't see that they're the same size and shape, and I doubt that you can either. And if you measure very, very carefully with a stiff arm and a straight edge, you'll see that those two shapes are exactly the same size. So one of the things that goes from simple to complex is when we do more. If we do more in a kind of a stupid way, the simplicity gets complex and, in fact, we can keep on doing it for a very long time. That is all you have to do. They're the same!"" That's kind of an invitation to pick up this name of those numbers coming out there and to just drop it into the script here, and now I can steer the car with the steering wheel. And what if I do this progression that the six-year-olds did of saying, ""OK, I'm going to increase the speed by two each time, and then I'm going to increase the distance by the speed each time? Student 2: What did you get? And I thought I would do just one thing on the $100 laptop here just to prove that this stuff works here.","student 2: if you measure very carefully with a stiff arm and a straight edge, you'll see that those two shapes are exactly the same size. if we do more in a kind of a stupid way, the simplicity gets complex. student 2: i thought i would do just one thing on the $100 laptop here just to prove this works.","With all the intensity and brilliance for which he is known, Alan Kay envisions better techniques for teaching kids by using computers to illustrate experience in ways -– mathematically and scientifically -- that only computers can."
191,"Barry Friedman: There are all kinds of high-tech chairs here today, but this is really, I think, when it reached its peak as far as ergonomics, comfort, design, flexibility ... DH: Now obviously, this is not something we do on our regular show; it's something we just kind of learned for this, so we're going to try. (Laughter) That's the kind of extra effort that's gotten us where we are today ... DH: All right, let's show them something special. RW: In all past years I've rehearsed with them, the things that have happened to me -- I have no idea what's going to happen and that's the truth. That's nice, that's good. BF: We've got one more we're going to do. (Laughter) (Applause) (Laughter) One more try. DH: It's not that difficult, we just don't like to practice that much. (Laughter) BF: Well, you know ... DH: There you go ... BF: Oh, yeah. DH: That's right. BF: Thank you, that's it.","Barry Friedman says he has no idea what's going to happen. ""i have no idea what's going to happen and that's the truth,"" he says. ""we don't like to practice that much,"" he says.","Illustrious jugglers the Raspyni Brothers show off their uncanny balance, agility, coordination and willingness to sacrifice (others). Now, if you'll just stand completely still..."
192,"It was a boarding school, I was seven -- Every time it closed you had to travel to find them. All of a sudden I passed the national examination, found myself in a very beautiful high school in Kenya. And just walking, I found a man who gave me a full scholarship to the United States. And every time, I kept going back home, listening to their problems -- sick people, people with no water, all this stuff -- every time I go back to America, I kept thinking about them. So one day, the scouts came running and told the villagers, ""The enemies are coming. So, this was told to me in a setup of elders. And that man told me, ""So, here you are. You've got a good education from America, you have a good life in America; what are you going to do for us? Every time you go to an area where for 43 years of independence, we still don't have basic health facilities. And I came for them, and that's my goal.","when i was seven, i found a man who gave me a scholarship to the united states. scouts came running and told the villagers, ""the enemies are coming,"" he says. scouts: ""i came for them, and that's my goal""","Joseph Lekuton, a member of parliament in Kenya, starts with the story of his remarkable education, then offers a parable of how Africa can grow. His message of hope has never been more relevant."
193,"I'm working in cities for almost 40 years, and where every mayor is trying to tell me his city is so big, or the other mayors say, ""We don't have financial resources,"" I would like to say from the experience I had: every city in the world can be improved in less than three years. And that's the structure of the city of Curitiba. We started in '83, proposing for the city of Rio how to connect the subway with the bus. And this is the model, how it's going to work. I'm trying to say we have to combine all the systems, and with one condition: never -- if you have a subway, if you have surface systems, if you have any kind of system -- never compete in the same space. I would like to say, if we want to have a sustainable world we have to work with everything what's said, but don't forget the cities and the children. So, in a city, you have to work fast. So, I want just to end saying that you can always propose new materials -- new sustainable materials -- but keep in mind that we have to work fast to the end, because we don't have the whole time to plan. So when you start -- and we cannot be so prepotent on having all the answers -- it's important starting and having the contribution from people, and they could teach you if you're not in the right track. You can do it!","curitiba started in '83, proposing how to connect the subway with the bus. john sutter: if we want to have a sustainable world we have to work with everything. sutter: don't forget the cities and the children. he says we can always propose new materials, but don't have the whole time to plan.","Jaime Lerner reinvented urban space in his native Curitiba, Brazil. Along the way, he changed the way city planners worldwide see what's possible in the metropolitan landscape."
194,"I love photography, I love rockets. I thought it was quite an interesting experiment in the principles of rocket science. 2-stage rockets with video cameras on them, onboard computers logging their flights, rocket gliders that fly back to Earth. I use RockSim to simulate flights before they go to see if they'll break supersonic, then fly them with onboard computers to verify performance. They use motors used on cruise-missile boosters. They use solid propellant most frequently. This one was great, went to 100,000 feet -- but didn't quite. (Laughter) To take this shot, I did what I often do, which is go way beyond the pads, where none of the spectators are. SJ: I'll just be quiet. It is this breathtaking image -- success, of course -- that motivates us and motivates kids to follow and understand rocket science, understand the importance of physics and math and, in many ways, to have that awe at exploration of the frontiers of the unknown.","cnn's john sutter takes a look at an experiment in rocket science. sutter: ""it is this breathtaking image -- success, of course"" kids should follow rocket science, understand the importance of physics and math.","Moneyman Steve Jurvetson takes TEDsters inside his awesome hobby -- launching model rockets –- by sharing some gorgeous photos, his infectious glee and just a whiff of danger."
195,"Isn't that what some of you said? In fact, they're not: it's really a very, very high-resolution input medium -- you have to just do it twice, you have to touch the screen and then rotate your finger slightly -- and you can move a cursor with great accuracy. (Laughter) When you think for a second of the mouse on Macintosh -- and I will not criticize the mouse too much -- when you're typing -- what you have -- you want to now put something -- first of all, you've got to find the mouse. And what you can do -- oops, I didn't mean to do that -- what you can do is actually feed back to the user the feeling of the physical properties. I want to move on to another example, which is one of a different sort, where we're trying to use computer and video disc technology now to come up with a new kind of book. But you might have to elaborate for me or for somebody who isn't an expert, and say, ""Cook at 380 degrees for 45 minutes."" Now, I don't even know what vintage the transmission is, but let me just show you very quickly some of it, and we'll move on. And so they said, ""Well, what's reading then?"" And yet you've got to go to school to learn how to read, and you have to sit in a classroom and somebody has to teach you. So we said, ""Well, these will be on round tables and the order around the table had to be the same, so that at my site, I would be, if you will, real and then at each other's site you'd have these plastic heads.","macintosh has a high-resolution input medium that can move a cursor with great accuracy. we're trying to use computer and video disc technology to come up with a new kind of book. bob greene: we've got to go to school to learn how to read, and you have to sit in a classroom.","With surprising accuracy, Nicholas Negroponte predicts what will happen with CD-ROMs, web interfaces, service kiosks, the touchscreen interface of the iPhone and his own One Laptop per Child project."
196,"But there it is: ""Jó napot, pacák"" I said somebody here must surely know, because despite the fact that there aren't that many Hungarians to begin with, and the further fact that, so far as I know, there's not a drop of Hungarian blood in my veins, at every critical juncture of my life there has been a Hungarian friend or mentor there beside me. He was ostracized as a child, not because he was a Jew -- his parents weren't very religious anyhow -- but because he had been born with two club feet, a condition which, in those days, required institutionalization and a succession of painful operations between the ages of one and 11. He went to the commercial business high school as a young man in Budapest, and there he was as smart as he was modest and he enjoyed a considerable success. And then one day, it happened: he and his family were arrested and they were taken to a death house on the Danube. And one of the white foremen stepped forward and said, ""You are being paid twice the wages of any other workers in this industry in this region and this is how we do business. Before I got there, the library of the college had been named for Mr. Teszler, and after I arrived in 1993, the faculty decided to honor itself by naming Mr. Teszler Professor of the College -- partly because at that point he had already taken all of the courses in the catalog, but mainly because he was so conspicuously wiser than any one of us. It was only after Mr. Teszler's death that I learned that the marker on the grave of Bela Bartok in Hartsdale, New York was paid for by Sandor Teszler. (Laughter) Well, it occurred to me that I should invite Dr. Robicsek to lecture at Wofford College on -- what else? And afterwards we convened at the President's House with Dr. Robicsek on one hand, Mr. Milliken on the other. (Laughter) Mr. Milliken said it was not.","at every critical juncture of my life there has been a Hungarian friend or mentor beside me. he was ostracized as a child, not because he was a jew, but because he had two club feet. he was ostracized because he was born with two club feet, a condition that required institutionalization. after his death, the marker on the grave of Bela Bartok was paid for by Sandor Teszler.","Wofford College president Bernie Dunlap tells the story of Sandor Teszler, a Hungarian Holocaust survivor who taught him about passionate living and lifelong learning."
197,"I’m working a lot with motion and animation, and also I'm an old DJ and a musician. So, music videos are something that I always found interesting, but they always seem to be so reactive. It’s about 25 years old, and it's David Byrne and Brian Eno -- and we did this little animation. And I think that it's maybe interesting, also, that it deals with two problematic issues, which are rising waters and religion. Song: Before God destroyed the people on the Earth, he warned Noah to build an Ark. And when Noah had done built his Ark, I understand that somebody began to rend a song. And then he went and knocked an old lady house. And old lady ran to the door and say, ""Who is it?"" Because we’re far from home, we’re very tired."" And the old lady said, ""Oh yes, come on in.""","song: before God destroyed the people on the earth, he warned Noah to build an Ark. he went and knocked an old lady house and said, ""we're far from home, we're very tired.""","What would a music video look like if it were directed by the music, purely as an expression of a great song, rather than driven by a filmmaker's concept? Designer Jakob Trollback shares the results of his experiment in the form."
198,"(Laughter) Our right human hemisphere is all about this present moment. Information, in the form of energy, streams in simultaneously through all of our sensory systems and then it explodes into this enormous collage of what this present moment looks like, what this present moment smells like and tastes like, what it feels like and what it sounds like. I am an energy-being connected to the energy all around me through the consciousness of my right hemisphere. And this was the portion of my brain that I lost on the morning of my stroke. And then it just gripped me -- and then it released me. I felt at one with all the energy that was, and it was beautiful there. (Laughter) So it's like, ""OK, I've got a problem."" So I'm like, ""OK, I can't stop the stroke from happening, so I'll do this for a week or two, and then I'll get back to my routine. And we have the power to choose, moment by moment, who and how we want to be in the world. Right here, right now, I can step into the consciousness of my right hemisphere, where we are.","we have the power to choose, moment by moment, who and how we want to be in the world. right here, right now, i can step into the consciousness of my right hemisphere, where we are.","Jill Bolte Taylor got a research opportunity few brain scientists would wish for: She had a massive stroke, and watched as her brain functions -- motion, speech, self-awareness -- shut down one by one. An astonishing story."
199,"It was an incredible surprise to me to find out that there was actually an organization that cared about both parts of my life. And so on. But I took them outside one day and I said, ""I want you to estimate the height of the building."" And you know what it was? I won't go into the details of why we think the universe is like this, but it comes out of the math and trying to explain the physics that we know. So I had an idea. They'll do well. So there's 2005, -6, -7, -8. So all in all I have a very good Ph.D. student from South Africa. And she's now at AIMS.","cnn's john sutter is a doctoral student at the african institute of physics. sutter: ""i want you to estimate the height of the building"" sutter: ""it's an incredible surprise to me to find out that there was actually an organization that cared about both parts of my life""","Accepting his 2008 TED Prize, physicist Neil Turok speaks out for talented young Africans starved of opportunity: by unlocking and nurturing the continent's creative potential, we can create a change in Africa's future."
200,"So here, I have my computer set up with the projector, and I have a Wii Remote sitting on top of it. And, for example, if you're in a school that doesn't have a lot money, probably a lot of schools, or if you're in an office environment, and you want an interactive whiteboard, normally these cost about two to three thousand dollars. Now, what this means is that if I run this piece of software, the camera sees the infrared dot, and I can register the location of the camera pixels to the projector pixels. (Applause) So for about $50 of hardware, you can have your own whiteboard. (Laughter) The software for this I've actually put on my website and have let people download it for free. (Applause) For the second demo, I have this Wii Remote that's actually next to the TV. And why this is interesting is that if you put on, say, a pair of safety glasses, that have two infrared dots in them, they are going to give the computer an approximation of your head location. But if we turn on head tracking -- the computer can change the image that's on the screen and make it respond to the head movements. (Laughter) (Applause) So this has actually been a little bit startling to the game-development community. (Laughter) Because this is about 10 dollars of additional hardware if you already have a Nintendo Wii.","for about $50 of hardware, you can have your own interactive whiteboard. if you put on safety glasses, the infrared dots will give the computer an approximation of your head location. if you turn on head tracking, the computer can change the image that's on the screen.","Building sophisticated educational tools out of cheap parts, Johnny Lee demos his cool Wii Remote hacks, which turn the $40 video game controller into a digital whiteboard, a touchscreen and a head-mounted 3-D viewer."
201,"The rocket was huge. One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time: ""We are about to create a new planet that we will call Sputnik. It tells the story of Sputnik, and the story of what happened to America as a result. But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday, the media and the politicians told us, and we believed, that Sputnik was proof that our enemy had beaten us in science and technology, and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs, using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile. It began the space race. But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well. For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship because of Sputnik. But it also shows how we can turn what appears at first to be a bad situation, into something that was overall very good for America. And I'd like to thank you all. Thank you, Chris.","frida ghitis: a rocket named ""sputnik"" created a new planet. ghitis: it began the space race, but it also provoked wonderful changes. she says some in this room went to school on scholarship because of Sputnik. ghitis: it shows how we can turn what appears at first to be a bad situation into something good.","Filmmaker David Hoffman shares footage from his feature-length documentary Sputnik Mania, which shows how the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik in 1957 led to both the space race and the arms race -- and jump-started science and math education around the world."
202,"I have given the slide show that I gave here two years ago about 2,000 times. And we have one. Here it is. This is a proposal that has been talked about a lot in Europe. This is not pie in the sky; this can be done. And there was a campaign in Australia that involved television and Internet and radio commercials to lift the sense of urgency for the people there. We have the capacity to do it. We have to solve this democracy -- this -- We have sclerosis in our democracy. And we have to change that. So we have to have a change in consciousness.",david frum: this is a proposal that has been talked about a lot in Europe. he says we have sclerosis in our democracy and we have to change that. frum: we have to solve this democracy -- this -- we have sclerosis in our democracy.,"In this brand-new slideshow (premiering on TED.com), Al Gore presents evidence that the pace of climate change may be even worse than scientists recently predicted. He challenges us to act."
203,"Are we alone in the universe? Is there alien life out there? If we extrapolate back, we find we must have all been on top of each other about 15 billion years ago. We have made good progress on the first part, and now have the knowledge of the laws of evolution in all but the most extreme conditions. I now turn to the second big question: are we alone, or is there other life in the universe? On the other hand, we don't seem to have been visited by aliens. The answers to these big questions show that we have made remarkable progress in the last hundred years. But if we want to continue beyond the next hundred years, our future is in space. Chris Anderson: Professor, if you had to guess either way, do you now believe that it is more likely than not that we are alone in the Milky Way, as a civilization of our level of intelligence or higher? Stephen Hawking: I think it quite likely that we are the only civilization within several hundred light years; otherwise we would have heard radio waves.","we must have all been on top of each other about 15 billion years ago. if we extrapolate back, we find we must have been on top of each other about 15 billion years ago. if we want to continue beyond the next hundred years, our future is in space.","In keeping with the theme of TED2008, professor Stephen Hawking asks some Big Questions about our universe -- How did the universe begin? How did life begin? Are we alone? -- and discusses how we might go about answering them."
204,"I mean, all the projects which have, in some way, been inspired by that agenda are about a celebratory lifestyle, in a way celebrating the places and the spaces which determine the quality of life. And I think it was July 20, 1969, when, for the first time, man could look back at planet Earth. So the problems of sustainability cannot be separated from the nature of the cities, of which the buildings are a part. If I pull back from that global picture, and I look at the implication over a similar period of time in terms of the technology -- which, as a tool, is a tool for designers, and I cite our own experience as a company, and I just illustrate that by a small selection of projects -- then how do you measure that change of technology? The image at the top, what it doesn't -- if you look at it in detail, really what it is saying is you can wire this building. And what they were saying on this occasion was that our competitors had to build new buildings for the new technology. In other words, we didn't have the technology to do what would be really interesting on that building. Obviously the wind tunnel had a place, but the ability now with the computer to explore, to plan, to see how that would work in terms of the forces of nature: natural ventilation, to be able to model the chamber below, and to look at biomass. But again, very much about the lifestyle, the quality -- something that would be more enjoyable as a place to work. But what it shows first, which I think is quite interesting, is that here you see the circle, you see the public space around it.","all the projects which have been inspired by that agenda are about a celebratory lifestyle. for the first time, man could look back at planet earth on July 20, 1969. we didn't have the technology to do what would be really interesting on that building.","Architect Norman Foster discusses his own work to show how computers can help architects design buildings that are green, beautiful and ""basically pollution-free."" From the 2007 DLD Conference, Munich; www.dld-conference.com"
205,"Soon, you'll be able to look inside your brain and program, control the hundreds of brain areas that you see there. But now, we have a real technology to do this. We've collapsed that through technology to milliseconds, and that allows us to let Peter to look at his brain in real time as he's inside the scanner. This is a fourth alternative that you are soon going to have. If we can look at the activation in the brain that's producing the pain, we can form 3D models and watch in real time the brain process information, and then we can select the areas that produce the pain. Now imagine that you will soon be able to look inside your brain and select brain areas to do that same thing. As they do it, in the upper left is a display that's yoked to their brain activation of their own pain being controlled. When you do, what do you want to control? You will be able to look at all the aspects that make you yourself, all your experiences. We are the first generation that's going to be able to enter into, using this technology, the human mind and brain.","we've collapsed that through technology to milliseconds. we can look at the activation in the brain that's producing the pain. we are the first generation that's going to be able to enter into, using this technology.","Neuroscientist and inventor Christopher deCharms demonstrates a new way to use fMRI to show brain activity -- thoughts, emotions, pain -- while it is happening. In other words, you can actually see how you feel."
206,"And I'm also rather surprised, because when I look back on my life the last thing I ever wanted to do was write, or be in any way involved in religion. And it has been the study of other religious traditions that brought me back to a sense of what religion can be, and actually enabled me to look at my own faith in a different light. He said, ""In your exegesis, you must make it clear that every single verse of the Torah is a commentary, a gloss upon the Golden Rule."" And we are living in a world that is -- where religion has been hijacked. But people want to be religious, and religion should be made to be a force for harmony in the world, which it can and should be -- because of the Golden Rule. ""Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you"": an ethos that should now be applied globally. And you are the people. Despite the idea that I love a good time, which I was rather amazed to see coming up on me -- I actually spend a great deal of time alone, studying, and I'm not very -- you're the people with media knowledge to explain to me how we can get this to everybody, everybody on the planet. The importance of this is that this is -- I can see some of you starting to look worried, because you think it's a slow and cumbersome body -- but what the United Nations can do is give us some neutrality, so that this isn't seen as a Western or a Christian initiative, but that it's coming, as it were, from the United Nations, from the world -- who would help with the sort of bureaucracy of this. And so I do urge you to join me in making -- in this charter -- to building this charter, launching it and propagating it so that it becomes -- I'd like to see it in every college, every church, every mosque, every synagogue in the world, so that people can look at their tradition, reclaim it, and make religion a source of peace in the world, which it can and should be.",frida ghitis: religion should be made to be a force for harmony in the world. ghitis: we are living in a world that is -- where religion has been hijacked. ghitis: you are the people with media knowledge to explain to me how we can get this to everybody. ghitis: i urge you to join me in making -- in this charter -- to build it.,"People want to be religious, says scholar Karen Armstrong; we should help make religion a force for harmony. She asks the TED community to help build a Charter for Compassion -- to restore the Golden Rule as the central global religious doctrine."
207,"But music is even more powerful if you don't just listen to it, but you make it yourself. And I'd add to that, that it's not just making it, but everybody, each of us, everybody in the world has the power to create and be part of music in a very dynamic way, and that's one of the main parts of my work. We have a long-term project called Toy Symphony, where we make all kinds of instruments that are also addictive, but for little kids, so the kids will fall in love with making music, want to spend their time doing it, and then will demand to know how it works, how to make more, how to create. The third idea I want to share with you is that music, paradoxically, I think even more than words, is one of the very best ways we have of showing who we really are. I think that's true for many of us, and I want to give you two examples of how music is one of the most powerful interfaces we have, from ourselves to the outside world. And the opera is about what we can share, what we can pass on to others, to the people we love, and what we can't. And I'd like now to invite two very special people on the stage, so that I can give you an example of what personal instruments might be like. So that's the way he made his piece, and as Adam says, we then figured out the best way to have him perform his piece. It's going to be looked at by this camera, analyze his movements, it's going to let Dan bring out all the different aspects of his music that he wants to. I think it gives an understanding of how we're picking out movement from what Dan's doing, but I think it will also show you, if you look at that movement, that when Dan makes music, his motions are very purposeful, very precise, very disciplined and they're also very beautiful.","john sutter: music is powerful if you don't just listen to it, but you make it yourself. sutter: every one of us has the power to create and be part of music in a very dynamic way. he says music is one of the best ways we have of showing who we really are. sutter: it's about what we can share, to the people we love, and what we can't.","Tod Machover of MIT's Media Lab is devoted to extending musical expression to everyone, from virtuosos to amateurs, and in the most diverse forms, from opera to video games. He and composer Dan Ellsey shed light on what's next."
208,"And all I'm going to try and prove to you with these slides is that I do just very straight stuff. (Laughter) The piece on the left -- and that ultimately led to the piece on the right -- happened when the kid that was working on this took one of those long strings of stuff and folded it up to put it in the wastebasket. I went into the metal because it was a way of building a building that was a sculpture. That big metal thing is a passage, and in it is -- you go downstairs into the living room and then down into the bedroom, which is on the right. And a long time ago, about '82 or something, after my house -- I designed a house for myself that would be a village of several pavilions around a courtyard -- and the owner of this lot worked for me and built that actual model on the left. But when you're in that room, you feel like you're on a kind of barge on some kind of lake. And this piece here is -- I don't know what it is. And I don't gave good slides to show -- it's just been completed -- but this piece here is this building, and these pieces here and here. And I was asked to do a fish, and so I did a snake. And so we took the language of this exposed steel and used it, perverted it, into the form of the fish, and created a kind of a 19th-century contraption that looks like, that will sit -- this is the beach and the harbor out in front, and this is really a shopping center with department stores.","""this piece here is this building, and these pieces here and here"" the piece is a 19th-century contraption that looks like, that will sit on the beach and the harbor. it's a little bit of a re-imagining of a fish, and a snake.","Before he was a legend, architect Frank Gehry takes a whistlestop tour of his early work, from his house in Venice Beach to the American Center in Paris, which was under construction (and much on his mind) when he gave this talk."
209,"In fact, I think that if you really want to know what the future's going to be, if you really want to know about the future, don't ask a technologist, a scientist, a physicist. But that's not what I'm going to talk about. Oh -- the other thing that I think I'd like to talk about is right over here. And I'd love to talk to you about this, but I don't have much in the way of ... things to say because -- (Laughter) (Chris Anderson: I've got a cold.) This is 1969, 70, 71. Kids is what I'm going to talk about -- is that okay? No, they said, ""If you're so into kids and all this stuff, how come you ain't over here on the front lines? One of the things that I've done for my science students is to tell them, ""Look, I'm going to teach you college-level physics. I was all set to do it and I was thinking, ""Aw man,"" I was just going to impose upon the powers that be, and measure the speed of light. And there's no time to do it.","physicist: if you want to know about the future, don't ask a technologist, a scientist. kids is what he's going to talk about -- is that okay? ""if you're so into kids and all this stuff, how come you ain't over here?""","Clifford Stoll captivates his audience with a wildly energetic sprinkling of anecdotes, observations, asides -- and even a science experiment. After all, by his own definition, he's a scientist: ""Once I do something, I want to do something else."""
210,"So we thought, ""We'll have all these writers and editors and everybody -- sort of a writing community -- coming into the office every day anyway, why don't we just open up the front of the building for students to come in there after school, get extra help on their written homework, so you have basically no border between these two communities?"" So, we had this place, we rented it, the landlord was all for it. The key thing is, even if you only have a couple of hours a month, those two hours shoulder-to-shoulder, next to one student, concentrated attention, shining this beam of light on their work, on their thoughts and their self-expression, is going to be absolutely transformative, because so many of the students have not had that ever before. Then we said, ""Well, what are we going to do with the space during the day, because it has to be used before 2:30 p.m.?"" So this is one of the books that they do. Because what about the students that wouldn't come to you, necessarily, who don't have really active parents that are bringing them in, or aren't close enough?"" It was right in the neighborhood that it was serving, and it was open all the time to the public. So all the people I used to know in Brooklyn, they said, ""Well, why don't we have a place like that here?"" They didn't think that that was going to work there. So you go to the website, you see a bunch of ideas you can be inspired by and then you add your own projects once you get started.","bob greene: why don't we just open up the front of the building for students to come in after school? greene: even if you only have a couple of hours a month, shining a beam of light is going to be absolutely transformative. greene: it was right in the neighborhood that it was serving, and it was open all the time to the public.","Accepting his 2008 TED Prize, author Dave Eggers asks  the TED community to personally, creatively engage with local public schools. With spellbinding eagerness, he talks about how his 826 Valencia tutoring center inspired others around the world to open"
211,"Is this the face of Leonardo da Vinci or isn't it? His contemporaries made faces, like the ones you see here -- en face or three-quarters. I think that if we were to scan all of his work and look for self-portraits, we would find his face looking at us. There are about 120, you see them here. And we know from his contemporaries that Leonardo was a very handsome, even beautiful man. All we did was look for portraits that had the characteristics of a self-portrait, and look, they are very similar. And as you see here from the years that they were created, it is indeed the case. So we have three pictures, potentially of the same person of the same age as Leonardo at the time. And if we now compare the face of the statue, with the face of the musician, you see the very same features again. The statue is the reference, and it connects the identity of Leonardo to those three faces.","da Vinci's contemporaries made faces, like the ones you see here -- en face or three-quarters. we know from his contemporaries that Leonardo was a very handsome, even beautiful man. the statue is the reference, and it connects the identity of Leonardo to those three faces.",<i>Mona Lisa</i> is one of the best-known faces on the planet. But would you recognize an image of Leonardo da Vinci? Illustrator Siegfried Woldhek uses some thoughtful image-analysis techniques to find what he believes is the true face of Leonardo.
212,"What are you going to do? Let me lead you through a day in the life of the Heart Institute, so you get a glimpse of what we do, and I'll talk a little bit more about it. We have every modality that can be done in Vanderbilt, Cleveland Clinic -- everywhere in the U.S. -- and we do it for about 10 percent of the cost that you will need to do those things in the United States. Easy to repair, and because of that, we do not take things that are not durable and cannot last. This is at the Heart Institute. We don't have that luxury, so we have to make it happen. It's not possible to tell people to do what is going to be expensive, and they go home and can't do it. If you don't get this pacemaker, you will be dead. This is how we can do that. And anyone who is interested in doing it in any health care situation, we will be happy to assist you and tell you how we've done it, and how you can do it.","heart institute has every modality that can be done in the united states. easy to repair, we do not take things that are not durable and cannot last. if you don't get this pacemaker, you will be dead, heart institute says.","Dr. Ernest Madu runs the Heart Institute of the Caribbean in Kingston, Jamaica, where he proves that -- with careful design, smart technical choices, and a true desire to serve -- it's possible to offer world-class healthcare in the developing world."
213,"And that's what I want to talk about today, and how that relates to the emergence of social production. What this means is that for the first time since the industrial revolution, the most important means, the most important components of the core economic activities -- remember, we are in an information economy -- of the most advanced economies, and there more than anywhere else, are in the hands of the population at large. One was a motley collection of volunteers who just decided, you know, we really need this, we should write one, and what are we going to do with what -- well, we're gonna share it! So, NASA, at some point, did an experiment where they took images of Mars that they were mapping, and they said, instead of having three or four fully trained Ph.D.s doing this all the time, let's break it up into small components, put it up on the Web, and see if people, using a very simple interface, will actually spend five minutes here, 10 minutes there, clicking. This is what you'll find out about Barbie. This, on the other hand, is what 60,000 passionate volunteers produce in the Open Directory Project, each one willing to spend an hour or two on something they really care about, to say, this is good. When you think of what is the critical innovation of Google, the critical innovation is outsourcing the one most important thing -- the decision about what's relevant -- to the community of the Web as a whole, doing whatever they want to do: so, page rank. But it's not the only one. It is about the future of the freedom to be as social beings with each other, and the way information, knowledge and culture will be produced. Because it is in this context that we see a battle over how easy or hard it will be for the industrial information economy to simply go on as it goes, or for the new model of production to begin to develop alongside that industrial model, and change the way we begin to see the world and report what it is that we see.","for the first time since the industrial revolution, the most important means are in the hands of the population at large. a battle over how easy or hard it will be for the industrial information economy to go on as it goes. google's critical innovation is outsourcing the decision about what's relevant to the community of the Web as a whole.",Yochai Benkler explains how collaborative projects like Wikipedia and Linux represent the next stage of human organization.
214,"And then I'll come back to the beginning, and tell you a little bit more -- hopefully convince you -- that I believe that in today's world, it is really important for business leaders not only to have an idea of what their business is all about, but to have a passion for something that is meaningful. But one of the things that exposed me early to learning, and a tremendous curiosity that was instilled in me as a child, was through a technology which is on the screen -- is a Victrola. So, when you look at that, we said, well, we would like to, then, enable that a little bit. And a couple of years ago at AMD, we came up with this idea of saying, what if we create this initiative we call 50x15, where we are going to aim, that by the year 2015, half of the world will be connected to the Internet so that people and ideas can get connected. And when we embarked in this initiative, from the very beginning we said it very clearly: this is not a charity. What I mean by that, and let me use this example, the country of South Africa, because I was just there, therefore I'm a little bit familiar with some of the challenges they have. But to give you an idea how creative this group of people can be, one of the objectives of the One Laptop per Child is to be able to achieve a 10-hour battery life. I'll tell you that one of the things that I feel is really critical for us in industry, in business, is to be able to be passionate about solving these problems. I really believe that you have to have a passion for it. And then a few years later, I had a child, my first child, and again, my father comes to the hospital, and we're looking at the glass, and see all the children on the other side, and he said, ""I've got to remind you again, that for each generation to do better, you're going to have to be a better father than I was.""","one laptop per child aims to be able to achieve a 10-hour battery life. john sutter: it's really important for business leaders to have a passion for something meaningful. sutter: ""for each generation to do better, you're going to have to be a better father than I was""","Hector Ruiz, the executive chair of AMD, wants to give Internet access to everyone. In this talk, he shares his extraordinary life story and describes AMD's 50x15 initiative that calls for connecting 50 percent of the world by 2015."
215,"And then, I also wasn't really shining in a certain area that I wanted to be, and you know, you look at those scores, and it wasn't bad, but it was not certainly predictive that I would one day make my living out of the artful arrangement of words. But actually, there was something quite real in my life that happened when I was about 14. And there's the terrible and dreaded observer effect, in which you're looking for something, and you know, things are happening simultaneously, and you're looking at it in a different way, and you're trying to really look for the about-ness, or what is this story about. Do we stay in for life, or do we do something else and justify and say, well, my intentions were good, and therefore I cannot be held responsible for all of it? So I decided that I would go to Burma for my own intentions, and still didn't know that if I went there, what the result of that would be, if I wrote a book -- and I just would have to face that later, when the time came. When I look at all these things that are morally ambiguous and uncomfortable, and I consider what my intentions should be, I realize it goes back to this identity question that I had when I was a child -- and why am I here, and what is the meaning of my life, and what is my place in the universe? My mother would say it was the ghost of my grandmother from the very first book, because it seemed I knew things I was not supposed to know. But I do think there's a kind of serendipity, and I do want to know what those elements are, so I can thank them, and also try to find them in my life. So I remained with them, and the more I wrote that story, the more I got into those beliefs, and I think that's important for me -- to take on the beliefs, because that is where the story is real, and that is where I'm gonna find the answers to how I feel about certain questions that I have in life. We've come to the end of the talk, and I will reveal what is in the bag, and it is the muse, and it is the things that transform in our lives, that are wonderful and stay with us.","sally kohn: there was something quite real in my life that happened when i was 14. kohn: i decided that i would go to burma for my own intentions, and still didn't know if I would write a book. kohn: the more i wrote that story, the more I got into those beliefs.","Novelist Amy Tan digs deep into the creative process, looking for hints of how hers evolved."
216,"And what we're learning is how powerful and dynamic these changes can be, that you don't have to wait very long to see the benefits. But more than that, your brain gets measurably bigger. Things that were thought impossible just a few years ago can actually be measured now. Now, there's some things that you can do to make your brain grow new brain cells. (Laughter) What were we just talking about? (Laughter) And other things that can make it worse, that can cause you to lose brain cells. Your skin gets more blood flow when you change your lifestyle, so you age less quickly. Your heart gets more blood flow. And companies like Navigenics and DNA Direct and 23andMe, that are giving you your genetic profiles, are giving some people a sense of, ""Gosh, well, what can I do about it?"" Well, our genes are not our fate, and if we make these changes -- they're a predisposition -- but if we make bigger changes than we might have made otherwise, we can actually change how our genes are expressed.","companies like DNA Direct and 23andMe are giving you your genetic profiles. our genes are not our fate, and if we make these changes, we can change how our genes are expressed.","Dean Ornish shares new research that shows how adopting healthy lifestyle habits can affect a person at a genetic level. For instance, he says, when you live healthier, eat better, exercise, and love more, your brain cells actually increase."
217,"Why are we looking up? It is not a map. You know, we're going to do this, we're going to take it away from something else. 50 percent of our country that we own, have all legal jurisdiction, have all rights to do whatever we want, lies beneath the sea and we have better maps of Mars than that 50 percent. And I went out to sea on a Scripps ship and we almost got sunk by a giant rogue wave, and I was too young to be -- you know, I thought it was great! And they were creating these volcanoes, and there were flows, not of lava, but of the mud coming out of the Earth but driven by -- I've never seen this before. And then here's one that sank at the time of Homer, at 750 B.C. But we have no idea what we're going find when we go out there with our technology. They're all on I-2. Why do we have programs to build habitation on Mars, and we have programs to look at colonizing the moon, but we do not have a program looking at how we colonize our own planet?","john avlon: we have better maps of Mars than that 50 percent of our country. avlon: we have programs to build habitation on Mars, look at colonizing the moon. he says we don't have a program looking at how we colonize our own planet. avlon: we're going to take it away from something else; we're going to take it away.","Ocean explorer Robert Ballard takes us on a mindbending trip to hidden worlds underwater, where he and other researchers are finding unexpected life, resources, even new mountains. He makes a case for serious exploration and mapping. Google Ocean, anyone?"
218,"♫ ♫ You can't walk, you can't ramble ♫ ♫ 'cause you're gonna have to scramble ♫ ♫ from the bee of the bird of the moth. ♫ ♫ It can't be believed ♫ ♫ 'cause it's just a hummingbird moth ♫ ♫ who's acting like the bird ♫ ♫ that thinks it's a bee. ♫ ♫ It can't be believed ♫ ♫ 'cause it's just a hummingbird moth ♫ ♫ who's acting like a bird ♫ ♫ that thinks it's a bee. Not all the facts are in about performing at 8.30 in the morning. So we don't know that much about the history of violinists but we do know that when we entered the state of New Jersey there is an uptick in violence. ♫ I ♫ ♫ I got ♫ ♫ I got kicked ♫ ♫ I got kicked in the head ♫ ♫ backstage at the Stone. ♫ ♫ I got kicked in the head ♫ ♫ backstage at the Stone Pony ♫ ♫ where I swore to the guy ♫ ♫ that the guy who took his beer wasn't me. ♫ ♫ Me got ♫ ♫ Me got kicked ♫ ♫ Me got kicked in the head ♫ ♫ backstage at the Stone. ♫ ♫ They're calling from beyond the grave. Am I on the air?",I got kicked   backstage at the Stone Pony   where I swore to the guy   that the guy who took his beer wasn't me.   Me got kicked   backstage at the Stone Pony   where I swore to the guy   that the guy who took his beer wasn't me.,"In a very, very early-morning set, They Might Be Giants rock TED2007, playing ""Older,"" ""Bee of the Bird of the Moth,"" ""Asbury Park,"" ""Fingertips,"" and ""The Alphabet of Nations."" Plus they take phone calls from the dead."
219,"Just to put everything in context, and to kind of give you a background to where I'm coming from, so that a lot of the things I'm going to say, and the things I'm going to do -- or things I'm going to tell you I've done -- you will understand exactly why and how I got motivated to be where I am. And believe it or not, that is a taxi in Nigeria. And it just reminds me of the thought of what happens when one of us on a taxi like this falls off, has an accident and needs a hospital. Yes, I'm sorry if it upsets some of you, but I think you need to see this. So yes, you go on, all right? OK, I know it's not AIDS, I know it's not malaria, but we still need this stuff. I'm sure you've all seen or heard this before: ""We, the willing, have been doing so much with so little for so long -- (Applause) -- we are now qualified to do anything with nothing."" If you're in America and you don't know about this one, we do, because we make it our duty to find out what's appropriate technology for Africa -- what's appropriately priced, does the job, and we move on. And guess what, if it all fails, if you can find a car that's still got a live battery and you stick it in, it will still work. You have to do it.","a taxi in Nigeria falls off and needs a hospital. if you can find a car with a live battery and you stick it in, it will still work. if you can find a car that's still got a live battery and you stick it in, it will still work.",Dr. Seyi Oyesola takes a searing look at health care in underdeveloped countries. His photo tour of a Nigerian teaching hospital -- all low-tech hacks and donated supplies -- drives home the challenge of doing basic health care there.
220,"In fact, mostly now in other things. They don't like that. And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor, when there was presumably a competition among many languages? How far back does that go? How many tens of thousands of years does it go back? Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is? Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe, in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier. I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language. So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further. CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.","Murray Gell-Mann: modern language must be older than cave paintings, cave engravings. gell-mann: ""i can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language"" gell-mann: modern language must be older than cave paintings, cave engravings, cave sculptures.","After speaking at TED2007 on elegance in physics, the amazing Murray Gell-Mann gives a quick overview of another passionate interest: finding the common ancestry of our modern languages."
221,"So, what does it mean to get serious about providing hope for the bottom billion? So, what did you do, last time you got serious? That was Marshall aid: we need to do it again. I'm going to take the one that sounds the weakest, the one that's just motherhood and apple pie -- governments, mutual systems of support for governments -- and I'm going to show you one idea in how we could do something to strengthen governance, and I'm going to show you that that is enormously important now. The opportunity we're going to look to is a genuine basis for optimism about the bottom billion, and that is the commodity booms. You go up in the short run, but then most societies historically have ended up worse than if they'd had no booms at all. And so, what the countries of the bottom billion need is very strong checks and balances. In all the societies of the bottom billion, there are intense struggles to do just that. Why on Earth are they not there? (Laughter) (Applause) If you agree with that sentiment, and if you agree that we need a critical mass of informed citizenry, you will realize that I need you.","john avlon: we need to get serious about providing hope for the bottom billion. avlon: we need strong checks and balances in all the societies of the bottom billion. avlon: we need a critical mass of informed citizenry. avlon: if you agree with that sentiment, you will realize that i need you.","Around the world right now, one billion people are trapped in poor or failing countries. How can we help them? Economist Paul Collier lays out a bold, compassionate plan for closing the gap between rich and poor."
222,"What is it? And it's very hard for me to make sense of it, so I'm not sure that you can. So, some people are afraid of what I do. (Laughter) And, one thing that isn't a mystery, actually, was when I grew up -- because when I was a little kid, I'd seen these pictures -- and I thought, ""Well, why that look on the face? It may not seem that, but if you were a microwave, this is how you would view it. Is that you?"" I said, ""Well, you know, it's just a movie! So, I do a lot of work on dinosaurs. Now, this is something I found, so look at it very closely here. That's kind of what it's like.","when i was a kid, i'd seen these pictures of dinosaurs. if you were a microwave, this is how you would view it, is that you? ""Well, you know, it's just a movie!""","Nathan Myhrvold talks about a few of his latest fascinations -- animal photography, archaeology, BBQ and generally being an eccentric genius multimillionaire. Listen for wild stories from the (somewhat raunchy) edge of the animal world."
223,"And it was Von Neumann who said, after the bomb, he was working on something much more important than bombs: he's thinking about computers. This is the machine he built. But actually, the machine I'm going to tell you about, the Institute for Advanced Study machine, which is way up there, really should be down there. And it really was. Code isn't."" And he found all these, sort of -- it was like a naturalist coming in and looking at this tiny, 5,000-byte universe, and seeing all these things happening that we see in the outside world, in biology. Every time there was a new, fast machine, he started using it, and saw exactly what's happening now. And he went out of his way to say that he was not saying this was lifelike, or a new kind of life. These machines would think they -- these organisms, if they came back to life now -- whether they've died and gone to heaven, there's a universe. It took really three people: Barricelli had the concept of the code as a living thing; Von Neumann saw how you could build the machines -- that now, last count, four million of these Von Neumann machines is built every 24 hours; and Julian Bigelow, who died 10 days ago -- this is John Markoff's obituary for him -- he was the important missing link, the engineer who came in and knew how to put those vacuum tubes together and make it work.","von Neumann was a naturalist looking at a tiny, 5,000-byte universe. barricelli had the concept of the code as a living thing; von Neumann saw how you could build the machines. bigelow was the important missing link, the engineer who came in and made those vacuum tubes work.",Historian George Dyson tells stories from the birth of the modern computer -- from its 17th-century origins to the hilarious notebooks of some early computer engineers.
224,"OK, you can start the music, thanks. OK, so since you all don't understand what the five-ball pattern is, I'm going to give you a little clue. OK, you can do that? So what I want you to do is just listen to me and do it. (Laughter) One learning process that I see is this -- (Laughter) OK. Another learning process that I see is this -- (Laughter) OK. That's all it is, a moment. All right, I'm going to get on my knees and do it. And then, what I did as a juggler was say, OK, what can I do to make that something that is dependent on something else, another dynamic. Well, obviously, there's something in here, and you can all have a guess as to what it is. And what it involves, and I don't know if my hands are too beaten up to do it or not, but I'll do a little bit of it.","bob greene: if you don't understand what the five-ball pattern is, just listen to me. he says he'll get on his knees and do it, and you can have a guess as to what it is. greene: i don't know if my hands are too beaten up to do it or not, but I'll do a little bit.",Michael Moschen puts on a quietly mesmerizing show of juggling. Don't think juggling is an art? You might just change your mind after watching Moschen in motion.
225,"And as you get all the way up close, you realize that it's actually made of lots and lots of plastic cups. They just don't do that in that industry. This is that piece installed in a gallery in New York -- those are my parents looking at the piece. And the reason that I do this, it's because I have this fear that we aren't feeling enough as a culture right now. We've lost our sense of outrage, our anger and our grief about what's going on in our culture right now, what's going on in our country, the atrocities that are being committed in our names around the world. And one of the causes of this, I think, is that as each of us attempts to build this new kind of worldview, this holoptical worldview, this holographic image that we're all trying to create in our mind of the interconnection of things: the environmental footprints 1,000 miles away of the things that we buy; the social consequences 10,000 miles away of the daily decisions that we make as consumers. Because my belief is, if we can feel these issues, if we can feel these things more deeply, then they'll matter to us more than they do now. And if there are things that we see that we don't like about our culture, then we have a choice. The degree of integrity that each of us can bring to the surface, to bring to this question, the depth of character that we can summon, as we show up for the question of how do we change -- it's already defining us as individuals and as a nation, and it will continue to do that, on into the future. I'm not speaking abstractly about this, I'm speaking -- this is who we are in this room, right now, in this moment.","john avlon: we've lost our sense of outrage, anger and grief about what's going on in our culture. avlon: if we can feel these issues more deeply, they'll matter to us more than they do now. avlon: if there are things that we see that we don't like about our culture, then we have a choice.",Artist Chris Jordan shows us an arresting view of what Western culture looks like. His supersized images picture some almost unimaginable statistics -- like the astonishing number of paper cups we use every single day.
226,"So first of all, I'd like to say something about memetics and the theory of memes, and secondly, how this might answer questions about who's out there, if indeed anyone is. What Darwin said was something like this: if you have creatures that vary, and that can't be doubted -- I've been to the Galapagos, and I've measured the size of the beaks and the size of the turtle shells and so on, and so on. If there's something that is copied with variation and it's selected, then you must get design appearing out of nowhere. Now, what's this to do with memes? SB: Sink, toilet, yes, these are all memes, they're all memes, but they're sort of useful ones, and then there's this one. (Laughter) What is this all about? So, you get an arms race between the genes which are trying to get the humans to have small economical brains and not waste their time copying all this stuff, and the memes themselves, like the sounds that people made and copied -- in other words, what turned out to be language -- competing to get the brains to get bigger and bigger. We have a new kind of memes now. We put the storage of memes out there on a clay tablet, but in order to get true temes and true teme machines, you need to get the variation, the selection and the copying, all done outside of humans. I have no idea.","the theory of memes might answer questions about who's out there, if indeed anyone is. we have a new kind of memes now. we need to get the variation, selection and copying, all done outside of humans.","Susan Blackmore studies memes: ideas that replicate themselves from brain to brain like a virus. She makes a bold new argument: Humanity has spawned a new kind of meme, the teme, which spreads itself via technology -- and invents ways to keep itself alive"
227,"(Laughter) So this is a vending machine for crows. (Laughter) And after 10 years of this, my wife said, ""You've got to do this thing you've been talking about, and build the vending machine."" But part of the reason I found this interesting is, I started noticing that we're very aware of all the species that are going extinct on the planet as a result of human habitation expansion, and no one seems to be paying attention to all the species that are actually living; they're surviving. And as I started looking at them, I was finding that they had hyper-adapted. But what was really interesting to me was to find out that the birds were adapting in a pretty unusual way. Then they leave, the machine spits up more coins and peanuts, and life is dandy if you're a crow -- you can come back anytime and get yourself a peanut. So when they get really used to that, we move on to the crows coming back. Now they're used to the sound of the machine; they keep coming back and digging out peanuts from the pile of coins that's there. The crows learn that all they have to do is show up, wait for the coin to come out, put it in the slot, then get their peanut. So, what's significant about this to me isn't that we can train crows to pick up peanuts.","a vending machine is being built for crows to get peanuts from piles of coins. crows learn to wait for coin to come out, put it in slot, then get their peanut. crows are adapting in a pretty unusual way, author says.","Hacker and writer Joshua Klein is fascinated by crows. (Notice the gleam of intelligence in their little black eyes?) After a long amateur study of corvid behavior, he's come up with an elegant thought experiment: a machine that could form a new bond between animal and human."
228,"And this is one that I did, probably like when I was around seventh grade, and I remember when I was doing this, I was thinking about that little rock there, and the pathway of the vehicles as they would fly through the air, and how the characters -- (Laughter) -- would come shooting out of the car, so, on my mind, I was thinking about the trajectory of the vehicles. (Laughter) The next piece that is going to come up is an example of a kind of machine that is fairly complex. And because the wishbone is bone -- it's animal -- it's sort of a point where I think we can enter into it. And -- so the way I saw this in my mind at first, was that the pieces would explode up and out with infinite speed, and the pieces would move far out, and then they would begin to be pulled back with a kind of a gravitational feel, to the point where they would approach infinite speed back to the center. There are 12 pairs of 50:1 reductions, so that means that the final speed of that gear on the end is so slow that it would take two trillion years to turn once. (Laughter) (Applause) And it's really, just sort of -- for me, it was just really about the lusciousness of oil. (Laughter) And that was that tool. (Laughter) So I made -- this is my first racing sculpture, and I thought, ""Oh, I'm going to make a cart, and I'm going to have it -- I'm going to have my hand writing 'faster,' so as I run down the street, the cart's going to talk to me and it's going to go, 'Faster, faster!' And when I had this thought, I was imagining that I would make -- I would have a whole machine theater evening, where I would -- you would have an audience, the curtain would open, and you'd be entertained by machines on stage. When I'm making these pieces, I'm always trying to find a point where I'm saying something very clearly and it's very simple, but also at the same time it's very ambiguous.","sculpture is my first machine theater piece. it's very simple, but at the same time very ambiguous.",Sculptor and engineer Arthur Ganson talks about his work -- kinetic art that explores deep philosophical ideas and is gee-whiz fun to look at.
229,"So he thought, ""I don't know anything about science, but I do know something about data, so maybe I should go and look at the data and see whether this expensive and complicated treatment actually works any better than the cheap and simple one."" And lo and behold, when he went through the data, he found that it didn't look like the expensive, complicated solution was any better than the cheap one, at least for the children who were two and older -- the cheap one still didn't work on the kids who were younger. And the other logic, they say, ""Well, the government wouldn't have told us [to] use them if they weren't much better."" Here, they don't actually crash the entire car, you know -- it's not worth ruining a whole car to do it. It's hard to believe, when you look at this, that that kid in back is going to do very well when you get in a crash. So here -- this is the car seat. And this crash would have been about a 450. The funny thing is, the cam work is terrible because they've only set it up to do the car seats, and so, they actually don't even have a way to move the camera so you can see the kid that's on the rebound. And I just think that it's interesting that the idea of using real-world crashes, which is very much something that economists think would be the right thing to do, is something that scientists don't actually, usually think -- they would rather use a laboratory, a very imperfect science of looking at the dummies, than actually 30 years of data of what we've seen with children and with car seats. OK, and most of them would not come back, but some of them would come back.","bob greene: it's hard to believe that that kid in back is going to do very well when you get in a crash. greene: the cam work is terrible because they've only set it up to do the car seats. he says scientists don't actually use a laboratory, a very imperfect science of looking at dummies. greene: it's interesting that the idea of using real-world crashes is something that economists think is right.","Steven Levitt shares data that shows car seats are no more effective than seatbelts in protecting kids from dying in cars. However, during the question and answer session, he makes one crucial caveat."
230,"And I met Professor Hawking, and he said his dream was to travel into space. And I said, ""I can't take you there, but I can take you into weightlessness into zero-g. And he said, on the spot, ""Absolutely, yes."" Come back down, you weigh twice as much. We set out to do this. We had a press conference, we announced our intent to do one zero-g parabola, give him 25 seconds of zero-g. And if it went really well, we might do three parabolas. We took him out to the Kennedy Space Center, up inside the NASA vehicle, into the back of the zero-g airplane. We had everything all set in case of an emergency; God knows, you don't want to hurt this world-renowned expert. And after that first parabola, you know, the doc said everything is great. And we did a fourth, and a fifth and a sixth. (Laughter) He was so happy.","cnn's john sutter teamed up with professor Hawking to do a zero-g parabola. sutter: if it went really well, we might do three parabolas. after that first parabola, the doc said everything is great, he was so happy.",X Prize founder Peter Diamandis talks about how he helped Stephen Hawking fulfill his dream of going to space -- by flying together into the upper atmosphere and experiencing weightlessness at zero g.
231,"I mean, it was incredible, it worked incredibly well, but it was really dangerous. And so I got myself a job and I was working for a consultancy, and we would get in to these meetings, and these managers would come in, and they would say, ""Well, what we're going to do here is really important, you know."" It wasn't what I wanted to do. So, all of these projects have a humanistic sense to them, and I think as designers we need to really think about how we can create a different relationship between our work and the world, whether it's for business, or, as I'm going to show, on some civic-type projects. But the other thing that is humanistic about Jawbone is that we really decided to take out all the techie stuff, and all the nerdy stuff out of it, and try to make it as beautiful as we can. This is the board, this is one of the things that goes inside that makes this technology work. And this is -- the other new way that is unique in how we work is, because it's never done, you have to do all this other stuff. This is called Y Water, and it's this guy from Los Angeles, Thomas Arndt, Austrian originally, who came to us, and all he wanted to do was to create a healthy drink, or an organic drink for his kids, to replace the high-sugar-content sodas that he's trying to get them away from. It's a little bit like designing a fire hydrant, and it has to be easily serviceable: you have to know where it is and what it does. (Laughter) So, I'll finish with just one thought: if we all work together on creating value, but if we really keep in mind the values of the work that we do, I think we can change the work that we do.","cnn's john sutter talks with a designer who created a healthy drink for his kids. sutter: if we all work together on creating value, we can change the work that we do. sutter: if we really keep in mind the values of the work that we do, we can change the work that we do.","Designer Yves Béhar digs up his creative roots to discuss some of the iconic objects he's created (the Leaf lamp, the Jawbone headset). Then he turns to the witty, surprising, elegant objects he's working on now -- including the ""$100 laptop."""
232,"I get to do this all the time, and it's just incredible. Here's what we do. What we discovered is whether you look at the leg of a human like Richard, or a cockroach, or a crab, or a kangaroo, the relative leg stiffness of that spring is the same for everything we've seen so far. What can they do? The animal I'm going to show you, that we studied to look at this, is the gecko. One of the animals is going to be running on the level, and the other one's going to be running up a wall. Here's the animal that we have here, running on a vertical surface. And if you look at the toes, they have these little leaves there, and if you blow them up and zoom in, you'll see that's there's little striations in these leaves. No, you can put them on molecular smooth surfaces -- they don't do it. I think you can see it already.","the gecko is running on a vertical surface, and the other one is going to be running up a wall. if you blow them up and zoom in, you'll see that's there's little striations in these leaves. if you look at the toes, they have these little leaves there.","Insects and animals have evolved some amazing skills -- but, as Robert Full notes, many animals are actually over-engineered. The trick is to copy only what's necessary. He shows how human engineers can learn from animals' tricks."
233,"By the time the last Neanderthal disappeared in Europe, 27,000 years ago, our direct ancestors had already, and for 5,000 years, been crawling into the belly of the earth, where in the light of the flickers of tallow candles, they had brought into being the great art of the Upper Paleolithic. They said, at one point, you know, we don't really believe you went to the moon, but you did. And if we move from the realm of the spirit to the realm of the physical, to the sacred geography of Peru -- I've always been interested in the relationships of indigenous people that literally believe that the Earth is alive, responsive to all of their aspirations, all of their needs. All that time, the world only exists as an abstraction, as they are taught the values of their society. And I said, ""Danilo, you won't remember this, but when you were an infant, I carried you on my back, up and down the mountains."" And it was extraordinary to be taken by a priest. And of course, this is a photograph literally taken the night we were in hiding, as they divine their route to take us out of the mountains. They cannot understand why it is that we do what we do to the Earth. On the contrary, you know, if you have the heart to feel and the eyes to see, you discover that the world is not flat. Right now, as we sit here in this room, of those 6,000 languages spoken the day that you were born, fully half aren't being taught to children.","the last Neanderthal disappeared in Europe, 27,000 years ago. peter bergen: our direct ancestors had already been crawling into the belly of the earth. bergen: if you have the heart to feel and the eyes to see, you discover that the world is not flat. bergen: if you have the heart to feel, you discover that the world is not flat.","Anthropologist Wade Davis muses on the worldwide web of belief and ritual that makes us human. He shares breathtaking photos and stories of the Elder Brothers, a group of Sierra Nevada indians whose spiritual practice holds the world in balance."
234,"(Laughter) Now, the other thing I wanted to do is to tell you about you. It doesn't work for me to go on with this thing, with such a wide gulf between those who understand, love and are passionate about classical music, and those who have no relationship to it at all. So that's what we're going to do. Now, you notice that there is not the slightest doubt in my mind that this is going to work, if you look at my face, right? It's one of the characteristics of a leader that he not doubt for one moment the capacity of the people he's leading to realize whatever he's dreaming. (Laughter) It's funny, isn't it? (Music) (Music ends) And for the rest of your life, every time you hear classical music, you'll always be able to know if you hear those impulses. Now, he gets to F-sharp, and finally he goes down to E, but it's the wrong chord -- because the chord he's looking for is this one, and instead he does ... Now, we call that a deceptive cadence, because it deceives us. (Laughter) Because for me, to join the B to the E, I have to stop thinking about every single note along the way, and start thinking about the long, long line from B to E. You know, we were just in South Africa, and you can't go to South Africa without thinking of Mandela in jail for 27 years. And one of them came to me the next morning and he said, ""You know, I've never listened to classical music in my life, but when you played that shopping piece ..."" (Laughter) He said, ""My brother was shot last year and I didn't cry for him.","there is not the slightest doubt in my mind that this is going to work. a leader must not doubt the capacity of the people he's leading to realize what he's dreaming. to join the B to the E, he has to stop thinking about every single note along the way.","Benjamin Zander has two infectious passions: classical music, and helping us all realize our untapped love for it -- and by extension, our untapped love for all new possibilities, new experiences, new connections."
235,"So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables time for some thermodynamics And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator] Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine: it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it. It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work, but here's how it works. The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side. So it was a great idea that didn't work at all. So the great thing about 2006, there's a lot of really great computational work you can do. We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong. We brought in a team from the UK -- a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK -- and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact, we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator. So this is the way it works. You put it on a cooking fire. It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.","ammonia evaporates and recondenses in the other side of the refrigerator. it heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.","Adam Grosser talks about a project to build a refrigerator that works without electricity -- to bring the vital tool to villages and clinics worldwide. Tweaking some old technology, he's come up with a system that works."
236,"I take it quite seriously, but I'm here to talk about something that's become very important to me in the last year or two. And where we go from here is going to determine not only the quality and the length of our individual lives, but whether, if we could see the Earth a century from now, we'd recognize it. There's more. Our demand for meat, dairy and refined carbohydrates -- the world consumes one billion cans or bottles of Coke a day -- our demand for these things, not our need, our want, drives us to consume way more calories than are good for us. Now, there's no time to get into the benefits of eating plants here, but the evidence is that plants -- and I want to make this clear -- it's not the ingredients in plants, it's the plants. One: we don't need either of them for health. But there's no way to treat animals well, when you're killing 10 billion of them a year. Not that they were any good, but they were there. Even though we've come to this from different points, we all have to act on our knowledge to change the way that everyone thinks about food. There is no good reason for eating as much meat as we do.","the world consumes one billion cans or bottles of Coke a day. john avlon: our demand for these things drives us to consume way more calories than are good for us. avlon: we don't need either of them for health, but there's no way to treat animals well. he says we all have to act on our knowledge to change the way that everyone thinks about food.","In this fiery and funny talk, New York Times food writer Mark Bittman weighs in on what's wrong with the way we eat now (too much meat, too few plants; too much fast food, too little home cooking), and why it's putting the entire planet at risk."
237,"♫ ♫ Oh, if I should stroll the hood, who knew I could look so good ♫ ♫ just talking on the phone to Clonie. ♫ ♫ We'll survive, side by side. ♫ ♫ Far from broke, bored, rich folk, we don't need no natural yolk -- ♫ ♫ our babies come full-formed, Clonie. ♫ ♫ We'll be huggable, get a publicist ♫ ♫ and show them, be the most lovable thing since fucking Eminem. ♫ ♫ We can tell our cancer cells are more benign than old Phil Spector. ♫ ♫ We’ll survive side by side, should have signed with Verve instead of Sony. ♫ ♫ You’re my Clonie. ♫ ""Oh Clonie, how I love you."" ♫ Gee, that's swell. You’re my Clonie.","we'll be huggable, get a publicist and show them, be the most lovable thing since fucking Eminem. we can tell our cancer cells are more benign than old Phil Spector.","Singer-songwriter Nellie McKay performs the semi-serious song ""Clonie"" -- about creating the ultimate companion."
238,"♫ ♫ Nothing more to say ♫ ♫ and no one left to say it to, anyway. ♫ ♫ Everybody can be somebody ♫ ♫ and everybody is free to make a difference. ♫ ♫ Everybody can be somebody ♫ ♫ and everybody is free to make a difference. ♫ ♫ You don't have to be a big celebrity ♫ ♫ to feel the power, the power in your soul, no. ♫ ♫ You can make a little difference in this world. (Applause) This is a song that came about because I think it's difficult to be in the world and not be aware of what's going on, and the wars and so forth. ♫ ♫ Peace on Earth, ♫ ♫ that's what we all say. ♫ ♫ There is no freedom to be free. ♫ ♫ There is no brotherhood of man. ♫ ♫ There in the hallway, ♫ ♫ peace on Earth.","There in the hallway,   peace on earth.","Guitarist and singer Raul Midon plays ""Everybody"" and ""Peace on Earth"" during his 2007 set at TED."
239,"And this is the one that I work on, ATLAS. So it's in that same sense that we look back in time to understand what the universe is made of. And, as of today, it's made of these things. One of the wonderful things, actually, I find, is that we've discovered any of them, when you realize how tiny they are. This is it. The analogy is that these people in a room are the Higgs particles. The picture is that the electrons and the quarks in your body and in the universe that we see around us are heavy, in a sense, and massive, because they're surrounded by Higgs particles. But in the last few minutes, I just want to give you a different perspective of what I think -- what particle physics really means to me -- particle physics and cosmology. And that's that I think it's given us a wonderful narrative -- almost a creation story, if you'd like -- about the universe, from modern science over the last few decades. It began to expand about a million, billion, billion, billion billionth of a second -- I think I got that right -- after the Big Bang.","the universe began to expand about a million, billion billion billionth of a second after the Big Bang. the universe began to expand about a million, billion billionth of a second after the big bang. the universe began to expand about a million, billion billionth of a second after the big bang.","""Rock-star physicist"" Brian Cox talks about his work on the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Discussing the biggest of big science in an engaging, accessible way, Cox brings us along on a tour of the massive project."
240,"Most people don't know that when I went to high school in this country -- I applied for university at a time when I was convinced I was going to be an artist and be a sculptor. And he thought I did very well -- and I did, too -- in the arts: this was my passion. And I said, ""Boy, let's really do something that takes advantage of all these features,"" and thought that if we could address education, by leveraging the children, and bringing to the world the access of the computers, that that was really the thing we should do. In spite of what some people in the press don't get it, didn't understand it, we didn't take it off because we didn't want to do -- having it on the laptop itself is really not what you want. But it was really, to us, very important as a strategy. We thought, this is exactly the right strategy, get it out, and then the little countries could sort of piggyback on these big countries. And the ""Give One, Get One"" program is really important because it got a lot of people absolutely interested. Just to say that when you do the ""Give One, Get One,"" a lot of press is a bit about, ""They didn't make it, it's 188 dollars, it's not 100."" So what you can do -- I've just said it. And if we do that, there are going to be a lot of lucky kids out there.","the ""Give One, Get One"" program got a lot of people interested. john avlon: if we do that, there are going to be a lot of lucky kids out there. avlon: if we do that, there are going to be a lot of lucky kids out there.","Nicholas Negroponte talks about how One Laptop per Child is doing, two years in. Speaking at the EG conference while the first XO laptops roll off the production line, he recaps the controversies and recommits to the goals of this far-reaching project."
241,"Here's the world based on the way it looks -- based on landmass. And here's how news shapes what Americans see. This map -- (Applause) -- this map shows the number of seconds that American network and cable news organizations dedicated to news stories, by country, in February of 2007 -- just one year ago. When we analyzed all the news stories and removed just one story, here's how the world looked. What was that story? So, why don't we hear more about the world? And this lack of global coverage is all the more disturbing when we see where people go for news. Similarly, a study in e-content showed that much of global news from U.S. news creators is recycled stories from the AP wire services and Reuters, and don't put things into a context that people can understand their connection to it. And if you think it's simply because we are not interested, you would be wrong. I know we can do better.","a study shows that much of global news from U.S. news creators is recycled stories from AP wire services and Reuters. if you think it's simply because we are not interested, you would be wrong. e-content shows that much of global news from U.S. news creators is recycled stories from the AP wire services.","Alisa Miller, head of Public Radio International, talks about why -- though we want to know more about the world than ever -- the media is actually showing us less. Eye-opening stats and graphs."
242,"So, I'd like to tell you something about the story of these extra dimensions. But Einstein realized that Newton had left something out of the story, because even Newton had written that although he understood how to calculate the effect of gravity, he'd been unable to figure out how it really works. Number one: if there are more dimensions in space, where are they? And the idea that maybe the big dimensions around us are the ones that we can easily see, but there might be additional dimensions curled up, sort of like the circular part of that cable, so small that they have so far remained invisible. Some of you guys will fix that one day, but anything that's not flat on a screen is a new dimension, goes smaller, smaller, smaller, and way down in the microscopic depths of space itself, this is the idea, you could have additional curled up dimensions -- here is a little shape of a circle -- so small that we don't see them. Well, it turns out that Einstein and Kaluza and many others worked on trying to refine this framework and apply it to the physics of the universe as was understood at the time, and, in detail, it didn't work. The idea is like this. (Laughter) But it raises the question: are we just trying to hide away these extra dimensions, or do they tell us something about the world? So when we talk about the extra dimensions in string theory, it's not one extra dimension, as in the older ideas of Kaluza and Klein. And the idea is that if this is what the extra dimensions look like, then the microscopic landscape of our universe all around us would look like this on the tiniest of scales.","jay parini: Einstein realized that Newton had left something out of the story. parini: if there are more dimensions in space, where are they? he says it raises the question: are we just trying to hide away these extra dimensions, or do they tell us something? parini: if the extra dimensions look like this, the landscape of our universe would look like this.","Physicist Brian Greene explains superstring theory, the idea that minscule strands of energy vibrating in 11 dimensions create every particle and force in the universe."
243,"The mycelium infuses all landscapes, it holds soils together, it's extremely tenacious. Fungi don't like to rot from bacteria, and so our best antibiotics come from fungi. This was first discovered in 1859. Some of these mushrooms are very happy mushrooms. (Applause) I then think that we can make the argument that we should save the old-growth forest as a matter of national defense. So, I went to the EPA homepage, and they were recommending studies with metarhizium species of a group of fungi that kill carpenter ants, as well as termites. These are spores -- this is in their spores. But the insects aren't stupid, and they would avoid the spores when they came close, and so I morphed the cultures into a non-sporulating form. I then received my second patent -- and this is a big one. These are a species that we need to join with.","john avlon: fungi kill carpenter ants, termites, carpenter ants. avlon: he morphed the cultures into a non-sporulating form. avlon: fungi are a species that we need to join with.","Mycologist Paul Stamets lists 6 ways the mycelium fungus can help save the universe: cleaning polluted soil, making insecticides, treating smallpox and even flu viruses."
244,"Now I put those names in there just for the bacteria buffs, but the main point here is that -- (Laughter) there's a lot of them here, I can tell -- the main point here is that those data points all show a very strong, positive association between the degree to which a disease organism is transmitted by water, and how harmful they are, how much death they cause per untreated infection. Other countries, in which you've got a lot of waterborne transmission, there you expect these organisms to evolve towards a high level of harmfulness, right? Just to emphasize this, this is what we're really talking about. Now, I don't know how that happened, and I didn't have anything to do with it, I promise you. And to just give you a sense of how important this might be, if we look in 1995, we find that there's only one case of cholera, on average, reported from Chile every two years. And the example I want to deal with is, or the idea I want to deal with, the question is, what can we do to try to get the malarial organism to evolve to mildness? So, if you were to mosquito proof houses, you should be able to get these organisms to evolve to mildness. And all I'm saying is that we need to figure out how they'll evolve, so that -- we need to adjust our interventions to get the most bang for the intervention buck, so that we can get these organisms to evolve in the direction we want them to go. So, I don't really have time to talk about those things, but I did want to put them up there, just to give you a sense that there really are solutions to controlling the evolution of harmfulness of some of the nasty pathogens that we're confronted with. If we know that we're going to get extra bang for the buck from providing clean water, then I think that we can say, let's push the effort into that aspect of the control, so that we can actually solve the problem, even though, if you just look at the frequency of infection, you would suggest that you can't solve the problem well enough just by cleaning up water supply.","there's only one case of cholera, on average, reported from Chile every two years. we need to adjust our interventions to get the most bang for the buck. if we know that we're going to get extra bang for the buck from providing clean water.","Evolutionary biologist Paul Ewald drags us into the sewer to discuss germs. Why are some more harmful than others? How could we make the harmful ones benign? Searching for answers, he examines a disgusting, fascinating case: diarrhea."
245,"And the guy just told me, ""This grandmother -- there's no way she's ever going to let you meet this girl that's she's raising."" And one of the other things I said to her through the translator -- again, this thing about saying stop -- was to not pay attention to me. And the translator said, ""The grandmother says that she thinks she's dying, and she wants to know if you would take Eun-Sook to America with you."" So finally I said ""Look,"" -- this is all through the translator, because, you know, I don't speak a word of Korean -- and I said, ""Look, I'm really glad that Eun-Sook has a family to live with. I don't know if it's the right decision or not, but I would like you to come to lunch tomorrow and tell the uncle what it's like to walk down the street, what people say to you, what you do for a living. And I went off on assignment and came back a week later, and Father Keane said, ""I've got to talk to you about Eun-Sook."" And he said, ""I don't know who raised her, but she's running the orphanage, and she's been here three days."" This is a woman who is now working at the orphanage, whose son had been adopted. This is the third night we were in Korea. Natasha told me a lot of the kids thought she was stuck up, because they would talk to her and she wouldn't answer, and they didn't realize she didn't speak English very well.","father says he's glad that Eun-Sook has a family to live with. he says a lot of the kids thought she was stuck up, because she didn't speak English. he says a lot of the kids thought she was stuck up, because she didn't speak well.","Photographer Rick Smolan tells the unforgettable story of a young Amerasian girl, a fateful photograph, and an adoption saga with a twist."
246,"I'm going to talk about a technology that we're developing at Oxford now, that we think is going to change the way that computer games and Hollywood movies are being made. And what you can see is -- it is actually a very good game. Now, the interesting bit is, if I move the obstacle a tiny bit to the right, which is what I'm doing now, here, it will fall over it in a completely different way. What you see here on the screen right now is a very simple visualization of that body. Now, what I'm going to do right now, in a moment, is just push this character a tiny bit and we'll see what happens. So that's what you see here. What this is now is a real simulation. We just took this character that I just talked about, put it on a slippery surface, and this is what you get out of it. Right now, we don't have that but I'm very sure that we will be able to do that at some stage. So, this was not something we actually put in there.","a new technology is being developed at the university of oxford. it's going to change the way that computer games and movies are being made. if you move an obstacle a tiny bit to the right, it will fall over it in a completely different way.","Torsten Reil talks about how the study of biology can help make natural-looking animated people -- by building a human from the inside out, with bones, muscles and a nervous system. He spoke at TED in 2003; see his work now in GTA4."
247,"And it was for us, the young, the first time really we hear the language of war, of guns. And that was the language of the war. And what I did for the first war, after we have lost everything, I have to save something, even myself, my life and life of the staff. And some of equipment went with them, on the top of the canopy, to save it. And they can't do what they are doing. We don't think so. What we are doing after that -- that was the situation of the war -- we have to rebuild. This is one of the studies we are doing on a 40-hectare plot, where we have tagged trees and lianas from one centimeters, and we are tracking them. And that is -- I think it's difficult for me. But many of them are just here, because they don't have money.","bob greene: it was for us, the young, the first time really we hear the language of war. greene: after we have lost everything, I have to save something, even myself. greene: what we are doing after that -- that was the situation of the war -- we have to rebuild.","Botanist Corneille Ewango talks about his work at the Okapi Faunal Reserve in the Congo Basin -- and his heroic work protecting it from poachers, miners and raging civil wars."
248,"We are the species called Homo sapiens sapiens, and it's important to remember that, in terms of our place in the world today and our future on planet Earth. And it is important to remember that all of these great apes have come on as long and as interesting evolutionary journey as we ourselves have today. And it's this journey that is of such interest to humanity, and it's this journey that has been the focus of the past three generations of my family, as we've been in East Africa looking for the fossil remains of our ancestors to try and piece together our evolutionary past. I doubt many of you in the audience can see the fossil that's in this picture, but if you look very carefully, there is a jaw, a lower jaw, of a 4.1-million-year-old upright-walking ape as it was found at Lake Turkana on the west side. And these things are so exciting. (Laughter) OK, so it is absolutely surprising that we know as much as we do know today about our ancestors, because it's incredibly difficult, A, for these things to become -- to be -- preserved, and secondly, for them to have been brought back up to the surface. And if you look north here, there's a big river that flows into the lake that's been carrying sediment and preserving the remains of the animals that lived there. But when I was 12, as I was in this picture, a very exciting expedition was in place on the west side, when they found essentially the skeleton of this Homo erectus. I could relate to this Homo erectus skeleton very well, because I was the same age that he was when he died. Human ancestors really only survive on planet Earth, if you look at the fossil record, for about, on average, a million years at a time.",a fossil of a 4.1-million-year-old upright-walking ape was found at lake Turkana. john sutter: it's absolutely surprising that we know as much as we do today about our ancestors. sutter: it's important to remember that all of these great apes have come on a long evolutionary journey.,"Louise Leakey asks, ""Who are we?"" The question takes her to the Rift Valley in Eastern Africa, where she digs for the evolutionary origins of humankind -- and suggests a stunning new vision of our competing ancestors."
249,"That's my feature film. ""You've got to make something good out of something bad,"" I started to say to my friends, neighbors, my sister. These are some pieces of things I used in my Sputnik feature film, which opens in New York in two weeks downtown. That's me at my desk. Pieces of it. I just instead said, ""I'm going to make something out of it, and maybe next year ... "" And I appreciate this moment to come up on this stage with so many people who've already given me so much solace, and just say to TEDsters: I'm proud of me. That I take something bad, I turn it, and I'm going to make something good out of this, all these pieces. That's my daughter and me. So, my message to you folks, from my three minutes, is that I appreciate the chance to share this with you. I came to live it, and I am living it.","""sputnik"" opens in two weeks downtown in new york. john sutter: ""i came to live it, and i am living it"" sutter: ""i'm proud of myself""","Nine days before TED2008, filmmaker David Hoffman lost almost everything he owned in a fire that destroyed his home, office and 30 years of passionate collecting. He looks back at a life that's been wiped clean in an instant -- and looks forward."
250,"(Laughter) I do not recommend this at all. (Laughter) So, not very. The first thing I did was I got a stack of bibles. I didn't know where my corners were, so I decided to let the whole thing grow, and this is what I looked like by the end. You only know if you try it. I will say it was an amazing year because it really was life changing, and incredibly challenging. You know, I could spend a year not killing, but spending a year not gossiping, not coveting, not lying -- you know, I live in New York, and I work as a journalist, so this was 75, 80 percent of my day I had to do it. This was one of the great things about my year, doing the Sabbath, because I am a workaholic, so having this one day where you cannot work, it really, that changed my life. And the thing is, if they're not harmful, they're not to be completely dismissed. So, it's about choosing the parts of the Bible about compassion, about tolerance, about loving your neighbor, as opposed to the parts about homosexuality is a sin, or intolerance, or violence, which are very much in the Bible as well.","""i could spend a year not killing, but spending a year not gossiping, not coveting, not lying"" ""if they're not harmful, they're not to be completely dismissed,"" he says. he says it's about choosing the parts of the Bible about compassion, tolerance.","Author, philosopher, prankster and journalist A.J. Jacobs talks about the year he spent living biblically -- following the rules in the Bible as literally as possible."
251,"I want to talk about something quite different, which is what I know about, and that is astronomy. Particularly, there's a place called Europa, which is -- Europa is one of the moons of Jupiter, where we see a very level ice surface, which looks as if it's floating on top of an ocean. There is a -- imagine that life originated on Europa, and it was sitting in the ocean for billions of years. So they would have to have -- these creatures, which I call sunflowers, which I imagine living on the surface of Europa, would have to have either lenses or mirrors to concentrate sunlight, so they could keep themselves warm on the surface. Of course, it's not very likely that there's life on the surface of Europa. So, the same thing could be true for this kind of life, which I'm talking about, on cold objects: that it could in fact be very abundant all over the universe, and it's not been detected just because we haven't taken the trouble to look. And then, when you shine sunlight at them, the sunlight will be reflected back, just as it is in the eyes of an animal. And the further out you go in this, away from the Sun, the more powerful this reflection will be. But if you live in a vacuum, if you live on the surface of one of these objects, say, in the Kuiper Belt, this -- an object like Pluto, or one of the smaller objects in the neighborhood of Pluto, and you happened -- if you're living on the surface there, and you get knocked off the surface by a collision, then it doesn't change anything all that much. We can -- as soon as we have a little bit more understanding of genetic engineering, one of the things you can do with your take-it-home, do-it-yourself genetic engineering kit -- (Laughter) -- is to design a creature that can live on a cold satellite, a place like Europa, so we could colonize Europa with our own creatures.","a place called Europa is one of the moons of Jupiter. it's not very likely that there's life on the surface of Europa. we could design a creature that can live on a cold satellite, a place like Europa.","Physicist Freeman Dyson suggests that we start looking for life on the moons of Jupiter and out past Neptune, in the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud. He talks about what such life would be like -- and how we might find it."
252,"So it wasn't just me, there was a whole generation of us. Ubuntu comes out of a philosophy that says, the only way for me to be human is for you to reflect my humanity back at me. I don't really see it, I don't pay attention to it until there's, you know, like a bug that's dead on the window. (Applause) And when my father complained about this situation, where she's taking a seven-year-old boy to teach this birth control, you know, he used to say, ""Oh, you're turning him into -- you're teaching him how to be a woman."" And so this woman emptied out her suitcase and gave all of her clothes to my mother, and to us, and the toys of her kids, who didn't like that very much, but -- (Laughter) -- that was the only time she cried. When I was growing up in Nigeria -- and I shouldn't say Nigeria, because that's too general, but in Afikpo, the Igbo part of the country where I'm from -- there were always rites of passage for young men. Men were taught to be men in the ways in which we are not women, that's essentially what it is. And I was this weird, sensitive kid, who couldn't really do it, but I had to do it. Then I'd say, ""How do you know?"" The poem is called ""Libation,"" and it's for my friend Vusi who is in the audience here somewhere.","the poem is called ""Libation,"" and it's for my friend Vusi who is in the audience. it's for my friend, who is in the audience somewhere somewhere. the poem is for my friend.","Chris Abani tells stories of people: People standing up to soldiers. People being compassionate. People being human and reclaiming their humanity. It's ""ubuntu,"" he says: the only way for me to be human is for you to reflect my humanity back at me."
253,"And the third problem about the disease model is, in our rush to do something about people in trouble, in our rush to do something about repairing damage, it never occurred to us to develop interventions to make people happier -- positive interventions. This is a life in which you have as much positive emotion as you possibly can, and the skills to amplify it. You don't have positive emotion. And this is indeed the characteristic of what we think of as the good life. Just to sample the kind of interventions that we find have an effect: when we teach people about the pleasant life, how to have more pleasure in your life, one of your assignments is to take the mindfulness skills, the savoring skills, and you're assigned to design a beautiful day. Your assignment, when you're learning the gratitude visit, is to write a 300-word testimonial to that person, call them on the phone in Phoenix, ask if you can visit, don't tell them why. This is really what you're about. And we ask the question as a function of the three different lives, how much life satisfaction do you get? And I never found that; I found the best you could ever do was to get to zero; that they were empty. But once you fractionate happiness the way I do -- not just positive emotion, that's not nearly enough -- there's flow in life, and there's meaning in life.","aaron carroll: the good life is a life in which you have as much positive emotion as you possibly can. he says he found the best you could ever do was to get to zero; that they were empty. carroll: once you fractionate happiness the way he does, there's flow in life, and there's meaning in life.","Martin Seligman talks about psychology -- as a field of study and as it works one-on-one with each patient and each practitioner. As it moves beyond a focus on disease, what can modern psychology help us to become?"
254,"♫ Feminists don't have a sense of humor. ♫ ♫ They have a tumor on their funny bone. ♫ ♫ On-demand abortion every city -- OK, but no gun control. ♫ ♫ Feminists don’t have a sense of humor -- poor Hillary. ♫ ♫ Feminists and vegetarians -- make mine a Big Mac. ♫ ♫ They're far too sensitive to ever be a ham, ♫ ♫ that's why these feminists just need to find a man. (Laughter) ♫ I could show the world how to smile, ♫ ♫ I could be glad all of the while. ♫ ♫ I could turn the gray skies to blue, if I had you. ♫ ♫ I could start my life all anew, if I had you. ♫ ♫ I could cross the burning desert, if I had you by my side.","Feminists have a tumor on their funny bone.   On-demand abortion every city -- OK, but no gun control.   they're far too sensitive to ever be a ham,   that's why these feminists just need to find a man.","The wonderful Nellie McKay sings ""Mother of Pearl"" (with the immortal first line ""Feminists don't have a sense of humor"") and ""If I Had You"" from her sparkling set at TED2008."
255,"The decorative use of wire in southern Africa dates back hundreds of years. Rural to urban migration meant that newfound industrial materials started to replace hard-to-come-by natural grasses. So, here you can see the change from use -- starting to use contemporary materials. And the project soon grew from five to 50 weavers in about a year. The scale became very important, and it's become our pet project. It's successful, it's been running for 12 years. They come on a weekly basis to Durban. They've all moved back to the rural area where they came from. And that's also modernized today, and it's supporting work for 300 weavers. And the rest says it all.",50 weavers come to Durban every week to weave wire. the project has been running for 12 years. it's supporting work for 300 weavers.,"In this short, image-packed talk, Marisa Fick-Jordan talks about how a village of traditional Zulu wire weavers built a worldwide market for their dazzling work."
256,"And when it does, it throws a harpoon at it, and then hauls the whale up under the ice, and cuts it up. So I went up there, and I lived with these guys out in their whaling camp here, and photographed the entire experience, beginning with the taxi ride to Newark airport in New York, and ending with the butchering of the second whale, seven and a half days later. What are the things that make up a story? These are all of the people in ""The Whale Hunt"" and the two whales that were killed down here. She lives in a little worker's camp right next to the road, and she wanted a different lot on things. So his wish was to come with me, so that he had somewhere to live. A 10-year-old. I asked her about her wish, and she said, ""You know, maybe I'll live, maybe I'll die, but I don't have a wish."" And this is what she said. JH: Yeah, but -- yeah, OK. Do you hope -- would you prefer to live in the cave for 40 years, or to live for one year?","the two whales that were killed in ""the whale hunt"" are all of the people in ""the whale hunt"" a 10-year-old girl lives in a little worker's camp right next to the road. she said, ""you know, maybe I'll live, maybe I'll die, but I don't have a wish""","At the EG conference in December 2007, artist Jonathan Harris discusses his latest projects, which involve collecting stories: his own, strangers', and stories collected from the Internet, including his amazing ""We Feel Fine."""
257,"And had such -- it was an eye-opening experience to hear them talk about the world that is yet to come through technology and science. He's on this elevator with us."" And there was a drunk man on there, and he got up out of his seat two or three times, and he was making everybody upset by what he was trying to do. (Laughter) I know that as you have been peering into the future, and as we've heard some of it here tonight, I would like to live in that age and see what is going to be. I have phlebitis at the moment, in both legs, and that's the reason that I had to have a little help in getting up here, because I have Parkinson's disease in addition to that, and some other problems that I won't talk about. And they're still with us, and you haven't solved them, and I haven't heard anybody here speak to that. They don't know what it is. I've never met a person in the world that didn't have a problem or a worry. Was there a God? And he once -- and he said to me, he said, ""Young man.""","a drunk man got out of his seat two or three times, and he made everybody upset. he had phlebitis at the moment, in both legs, and had to have a little help in getting up here. he's never met a person in the world that didn't have a problem or a worry.","Speaking at TED in 1998, Rev. Billy Graham marvels at technology's power to improve lives and change the world -- but says the end of evil, suffering and death will come only after the world accepts Christ. A legendary talk from TED's archives."
258,"And we've had a classic answer for coordination costs, which is, if you want to coordinate the work of a group of people, you start an institution, right? More recently, because the cost of letting groups communicate with each other has fallen through the floor -- and communication costs are one of the big inputs to coordination -- there has been a second answer, which is to put the cooperation into the infrastructure, to design systems that coordinate the output of the group as a by-product of the operating of the system, without regard to institutional models. So, I'm going to start by trying to answer a question that I know each of you will have asked yourself at some point or other, and which the Internet is purpose-built to answer, which is, where can I get a picture of a roller-skating mermaid? You can see here, over at the end, our most prolific photographer has taken around 350 photos, and you can see there's a few people who have taken hundreds of photos. The institutional response is, I can get 75 percent of the value for 10 percent of the hires -- great, that's what I'll do. You can hire those people as employees, you can coordinate their work and you can get some output. The bigger question is, what do you do about the value down here? I've used a lot of examples from Flickr, but there are actually stories about this from all over. So as much as we want the shield laws, the background -- the institution to which they were attached -- is becoming incoherent. Now, this is the part of the talk where I tell you what's going to come as a result of all of this, but I'm running out of time, which is good, because I don't know.","""where can I get a picture of a roller-skating mermaid?"" ""where can i get a picture of a roller-skating mermaid?"" ""where can i get a picture of a roller-skating mermaid?"" ""where can i get a picture of a roller-skating mermaid?""","In this prescient 2005 talk, Clay Shirky shows how closed groups and companies will give way to looser networks where small contributors have big roles and fluid cooperation replaces rigid planning."
259,"First of all, it was impossible, and it's not what it was. And that's what we're going to do in the next 5,000 days -- we're going to give this machine a body. The point is that everything will have embedded in it some sensor connecting it to the machine, and so we have, basically, an Internet of things. And if you remember, it was a kind of green screen with cursors, and there was really not much to do, and if you wanted to connect it, you connected it from one computer to another computer. Each time you go into there, you have to tell it again who you are and all your friends are. And all these things that are going to be on this are not just pages, they are things. And so there's actually a fourth thing that we have not get to, that we won't see in the next 10 years, or 5,000 days, but I think that's where we're going to. So we are the Web, that's what this thing is. We are going to be the machine. So the single idea that I wanted to leave with you is that we have to begin to think about this as not just ""the Web, only better,"" but a new kind of stage in this development.","we're going to give this machine a body, and so we have, basically, an Internet of things. everything will have embedded in it some sensor connecting it to the machine. we have to begin to think about this as not just ""the Web, only better,"" but a new kind of stage.","At the 2007 EG conference, Kevin Kelly shares a fun stat: The World Wide Web, as we know it, is only 5,000 days old. Now, Kelly asks, how can we predict what's coming in the next 5,000 days?"
260,"And I think that's what I'd like to talk about today. But any kind of conversation about architecture -- which is, in fact, what you were just talking about, what was going on here, setting up TED, small-scale architecture -- at the present time can't really happen without a conversation about this, the World Trade Center, and what's been going on there, what it means to us. I think that the World Trade Center in, rather an unfortunate way, brought architecture into focus in a way that I don't think people had thought of in a long time, and made it a subject for common conversation. And so now we're going to think about architecture in a very different way, we're going to think about it like this. There it is. And so we got this, or we had a choice of that. Now, I don't know what you think, but I think this is a pretty stupid decision, because what you've done is just made a permanent memorial to destruction by making it look like the destruction is going to continue forever. And that is the wild divergence in how we choose our architects, in trying to decide whether we want architecture from the kind of technocratic solution to everything -- that there is a large, technical answer that can solve all problems, be they social, be they physical, be they chemical -- or something that's more of a romantic solution. Meanwhile, instead of sending someone working drawings, which are those huge sets of blueprints that you've seen your whole life, what the architect can do is send a set of assembly instructions, like you used to get when you were a child, when you bought little models that said, ""Bolt A to B, and C to D."" And so what the builder will get is every single individual part that has been custom manufactured off-site and delivered on a truck to the site, to that builder, and a set of these instruction manuals. It's not to create a technological solution, it's to seduce you into something that you can do, into something that will please you, something that will lift your spirits, something that will make you feel as if are in another world -- such as his Nobu restaurant in New York, which is supposed to take you from the clutter of New York City to the simplicity of Japan and the elegance of Japanese tradition.","the world trade center brought architecture into focus in a way no one had thought of in a long time. aaron carroll: we're going to think about architecture like this, or we had a choice of that. he says it's a wild divergence in how we choose our architects. carroll: architecture is not to create a technocratic solution, it's to seduce you.","Reed Kroloff gives us a new lens for judging new architecture: is it modern, or is it romantic? Look for glorious images from two leading practices -- and a blistering critique of the 9/11 planning process."
261,"KT: OK, but don't say my name like that. KB: But you're OK? And I'm going to try that right now. Excellent, OK. Now, what I want you to do is look directly at me, OK, just take a deep breath in through your nose, letting it out through your mouth, and relax. I want you to hold it there just for a moment, and I only want you to allow your hand to sink and drift and float back to the tabletop at the same rate and speed as you drift and float into this relaxed state of awareness, and allow it to go all the way down to the tabletop. OK, now, in a moment, you'll feel a certain pressure, OK, and I want you to be aware of the pressure. (Laughter) (Applause) I also want you to look at me and think of his name. KB: OK. Now, Steve, I'm going to stand in front of the table, When I stand in front of the table, I want you to put the cups on the plinths, in any order you want, and then mix them all up, so nobody has any idea where the spike is, all right? (Laughter) SJ: I don't think it's there. KB: OK. Do you think it's here, yes or no?","KT: ""take a deep breath in through your nose, letting it out through your mouth"" KT: ""now, in a moment, you'll feel a certain pressure, OK""","First, Keith Barry shows us how our brains can fool our bodies -- in a trick that works via podcast too. Then he involves the audience in some jaw-dropping (and even a bit dangerous) feats of brain magic."
262,"Pain like a boil about to burst with my love for you, consumed by fire with my love for you. Remember what I said, my love. We found activity in the brain region, in exactly the same brain region associated with intense romantic love. You know, when you've been dumped, the one thing you love to do is just forget about this human being, and then go on with your life -- but no, you just love them harder. So, what have I learned from this experiment that I would like to tell the world? Unless you're stuck in a laboratory cage -- and you know, if you spend your entire life in a little box, you're not going to be as picky about who you have sex with, but I've looked in a hundred species, and everywhere in the wild, animals have favorites. The question that I'm working on right this minute -- and I'm only going to say it for a second, and then end -- is, why do you fall in love with one person, rather than another? I know what happens in the brain, when you do become in love, but I don't know why you fall in love with one person rather than another. And that's about it, that's all they know. I'm putting the data together now, and at some point -- there will always be magic to love, but I think I will come closer to understanding why it is you can walk into a room and everybody is from your background, your same general level of intelligence, good looks, and you don't feel pulled towards all of them.","we found activity in the brain region associated with intense romantic love. aaron carroll: unless you're stuck in a lab cage, you're not going to be as picky about who you have sex with. he says there will always be magic to love, but at some point, he'll come closer to understanding. carroll: if you're in a box, you're not going to be as picky about who you have sex with.","Why do we crave love so much, even to the point that we would die for it? To learn more about our very real, very physical need for romantic love, Helen Fisher and her research team took MRIs of people in love -- and people who had just been dumped."
263,"In fact, this dark matter dominates the gravitational effects in the universe on a large scale, and I'll be telling you about the evidence for that. As you can imagine, even if you know physics, this should be intuitive, OK -- that stars that are closer to the mass in the middle will be rotating at a higher speed than those that are further out here, OK. And again, what we find is that there is much more mass there than can be accounted for by the galaxies that we see. We say, the ray of light came this way; the galaxy must be there, OK. Now, suppose I put in the middle a cluster of galaxies -- and don't forget the dark matter, OK. Now, if we consider a different ray of light, one going off like this, we now need to take into account what Einstein predicted when he developed general relativity. And now put the lens over the galaxy, and what you'll find is that you'll see a ring, an Einstein ring. So the evidence that we have that a quarter of the universe is dark matter -- this gravitationally attracting stuff -- is that galaxies, the speed with which stars orbiting galaxies is much too large; it must be embedded in dark matter. Now, so at this point, then, what I want to really emphasize to you, is that, first of all, dark matter and dark energy are completely different things, OK. Now, we look for these dark matter particles because, after all, they are here in the room, OK, and they didn't come in the door. There's going to be a satellite telescope launched later this year and it will look towards the middle of the galaxy, to see if we can see dark matter particles annihilating and producing gamma rays that could be detected with this. What is dark energy?","a quarter of the universe is dark matter -- this gravitationally attracting stuff. the evidence is that galaxies, the speed with which stars orbiting galaxies is much too large. a satellite telescope launched later this year will look towards the middle of the galaxy.","Physicist Patricia Burchat sheds light on two basic ingredients of our universe: dark matter and dark energy. Comprising 96% of the universe between them, they can't be directly measured, but their influence is immense."
264,"♫ ♫ I'm just a'walking my dog, singing my song, strolling along. ♫ ♫ Yeah, I was sad as a sailor, ♫ ♫ I was an angry 'un too. ♫ ♫ But then I looked in your eyes ♫ ♫ and I was no more a failure. ♫ ♫ And I said, ""Lord, I'm happy, 'cause I'm just a'walking my dog, ♫ ♫ catching some sun. ♫ ♫ If you need a companion, why, just go out to the pound, ♫ ♫ and find yourself a hound, and make that doggie proud, ♫ ♫ 'cause that's what it's all about. ♫ ♫ And then there was you -- on time, and wagging your tail ♫ ♫ in the cutest mime that you was in jail. ♫ ♫ And I was no more a boozer. ♫ ♫ And I said, ""Lord, I'm happy, 'cause I’m just a'walking my dog, ♫ ♫ singing my song, strolling along."" We can't go wrong, ♫ ♫ 'cause I don't care about your hating and your doubt, ♫ ♫ and I don’t care what the politicians spout. ♫ ♫ If you need a companion, why, just go out to the pound, ♫ ♫ and find yourself a hound, and make that doggie proud, ♫ ♫ 'cause that's what it's all about, ♫ ♫ that's what it's all about, ♫ ♫ that's what it's all abou-BOW-WOW-WOW-WOW ♫ ♫ that's what it's all about.","'lord, I'm happy, 'cause I'm just a'walking my dog,   singing my song, strolling along' 'if you need a companion, why, just go out to the pound,   and find yourself a hound, and make that doggie proud,   'cause that's what it's all about'","Animal fan Nellie McKay sings a sparkling tribute to her dear dog. She suggests we all do the same: ""Just go right to the pound/ And find yourself a hound/ And make that doggie proud/ 'cause that's what it's all about."""
265,"And so, the question is, why aren't we really seeing this kind of power in computers that we see in the brain? Let's just take a look about how the brain works, and then I'll compare that with how computers work. And that's basically what's going on in your brain right now as you're watching this. In the computer, you have all the data going through the central processing unit, and any piece of data basically has to go through that bottleneck, whereas in the brain, what you have is these neurons, and the data just really flows through a network of connections among the neurons. And then the way that you process that data to get a result is that you translate this pattern of activity into a new pattern of activity, just by it flowing through the network. What you see here is that there's these redundant connections. They want to compress the information -- they just want to send the changes, what's new in the image, and so on -- and that is how your eyeball is able to squeeze all that information down to your optic nerve, to send to the rest of the brain. And this is the same thing you see when people compress video to send: they want to make it very sparse, because that file is smaller. And this is what the retina is doing, and it's doing it just with the circuitry, and how this network of neurons that are interacting in there, which we've captured on the chip. So this image here is going to look like these ones, but here I'll show you that we can reconstruct the image, so, you know, you can almost recognize Kareem in that top part there.","in the computer, you have all the data going through the central processing unit. in the brain, what you have is a network of connections among the neurons. this is how your eyeball is able to squeeze all that information down to your optic nerve.","Researcher Kwabena Boahen is looking for ways to mimic the brain's supercomputing powers in silicon -- because the messy, redundant processes inside our heads actually make for a small, light, superfast computer."
266,"Hello everyone. And so the two of us are here to give you an example of creation. And I'm going to be folding one of Robert Lang's models. And this is the piece of paper it will be made from, and you can see all of the folds that are needed for it. And Rufus is going to be doing some improvisation on his custom, five-string electric cello, and it's very exciting to listen to him. Are you ready to go? All right. (Music) All right. There you go. (Laughter) (Applause)","the two of us are going to be folding one of Robert Lang's models. Rufus is going to be doing some improvisation on his custom, five-string electric cello.","After Robert Lang's talk on origami at TED2008, Bruno Bowden stepped onstage with a challenge -- he would fold one of Lang's astonishingly complicated origami figures, blindfolded, in under 2 minutes. He's accompanied by the cellist Rufus Cappadocia."
267,"I'm going to try and explain why it is that perhaps we don't understand as much as we think we do. (Laughter) Now, those questions, which, of course, you've got right, and you haven't been conferring, and so on. But, actually, we don't do that. Now, I have some rather bad news, which is that I had a piece of video that I was about to show you, which unfortunately -- the sound doesn't work in this room, so I'm going to describe to you, in true ""Monty Python"" fashion, what happens in the video. But if you haven't played with a battery and a bulb, if you've only seen a circuit diagram, you might not be able to do that, and that's one of the problems. I mean, it's a very strange thing going on, and we hold these two models in our head, of what's right and what isn't right, and we do that, as human beings, in all sorts of fields. And that you don't -- there's no passion in it, and it's not hands on, right, and, you know, pun intended. And I know that if the graduates at MIT and in the Imperial College in London had had the battery and the wire and the bit of stuff, and you know, been able to do it, they would have learned how it actually works, rather than thinking that they follow circuit diagrams and can't do it. So, as ""Monty Python"" would have it, this is a bit Lord Privy Seal to say so, but this is -- children are not empty vessels. We collude, and actually if you -- if someone had designed a test for me when I was doing my biology exams, to really understand, to see whether I'd understood more than just kind of putting starch and iodine together and seeing it go blue, and really understood that plants took their mass out of the air, then I might have done better at science.","a ""monty Python"" video describes what happens in the video. john sutter: we don't understand as much as we think we do. he says if someone had designed a test for him to understand, he might have done better. sutter: we don't understand as much as we think we do.","Starting with four basic questions (that you may be surprised to find you can't answer), Jonathan Drori looks at the gaps in our knowledge -- and specifically, what we don't about science that we might think we do."
268,"And we crave one thing, even though we kind of don't know it all the time. We have a process where we, you know, kind of put it into the computer and digitize it, and then a whole lot of analysis. And Gould recorded it in two major recordings that you may know about, one in mono, and one in stereo. This is -- we have a fairly complex process that, you know, software and musicians and so on, but when we're all done, we know that the ear is the final arbiter. So I'm going to do this for you right now, what you just heard. And in the right speaker is going to be the original recording, and the left speaker is going to be the new recording, actually of an instrument just like that one, and I'm going to play them together at the same time. And the experience is: I want to be in the room and hear the musicians. But if you don't have that, maybe you can listen on your headphones. But I believe we're on a path now, when we get to data, that we can distill styles, and templates, and formulas, and all these kinds of things, again, that you've seen happen in the computer graphics world. Because what you've just heard was a computer playing data -- no Glenn Gould in the room.","gould recorded two major recordings, one in mono, and one in stereo. in the right speaker is going to be the original recording, and the left speaker is going to be the new recording. if you don't have that, maybe you can listen on your headphones.","Imagine hearing great, departed pianists play again today, just as they would in person. John Q. Walker demonstrates how recordings can be analyzed for precise keystrokes and pedal motions, then played back on computer-controlled grand pianos."
269,"And I would like to make a case to you that over the years since we first developed atomic weaponry, until this very moment, we've actually lived in a dangerous nuclear world that's characterized by two phases, which I'm going to go through with you right now. But I want to just point out to you that 95 percent of the nuclear weapons at any particular time since 1985 -- going forward, of course -- were part of the arsenals of the United States and the Soviet Union. They could be ""re-commissioned,"" but the way they count things, which is very complicated, we think we have about a third of the nuclear weapons we had before. You -- there would be a nuclear conflagration about to hit us, and if you get under your desk, things would be OK. (Laughter) I didn't do all that well in psychiatry in medical school, but I was interested, and I think this was seriously delusional. Maybe it would be a study when we weren't having an atomic war, or you could use it as a TV room, or, as many teenagers found out, a very, very safe place for a little privacy with your girlfriend. And that's -- I'm just telling you, this is not good. My point now, though, is that there is a lot that we could do for you who are in here, if you've survived the initial blast. And if you do that, you actually can survive a nuclear blast. So here's what you do. You know, if you're out there and you see buildings horribly destroyed and down in that direction, less destroyed here, then you know that it was over there, the blast, and you're going this way, as long as you're going crosswise to the wind.","bob greene: we've lived in a dangerous nuclear world that's characterized by two phases. he says we think we have about a third of the nuclear weapons we had before. greene: if you survive the initial blast, you actually can survive a nuclear blast.","The face of nuclear terror has changed since the Cold War, but disaster-medicine expert Irwin Redlener reminds us the threat is still real. He looks at some of history's farcical countermeasures and offers practical advice on how to survive an attack."
270,"So in origami, to obey these laws, we can take simple patterns -- like this repeating pattern of folds, called textures -- and by itself it's nothing. But if we follow the laws of origami, we can put these patterns into another fold that itself might be something very, very simple, but when we put it together, we get something a little different. We take an idea, combine it with a square, and you get an origami figure. And then once I have that folded shape that we call the base, you can make the legs narrower, you can bend them, you can turn it into the finished shape. And I'm going to show you all how to do that so you can go out of here and fold something. Well, if I unfold it and go back to the crease pattern, you can see that the upper left corner of that shape is the paper that went into the flap. What if I want to make something that has a lot of flaps? And if you take this crease pattern, you fold on the dotted lines, you'll get a base that you can then shape into a deer, with exactly the crease pattern that you wanted. So now people can say, ""I want exactly this and this and this,"" and you can go out and fold it. It's a very simple pattern -- you wouldn't even call that origami.","bob greene: origami uses simple patterns to make something a little different. greene: you can combine an idea with a square, and you get an origami figure. he says you can bend the legs, bend the legs, turn it into the finished shape. greene: if you follow the laws of origami, you can make something that has a lot of flaps.","Robert Lang is a pioneer of the newest kind of origami -- using math and engineering principles to fold mind-blowingly intricate designs that are beautiful and, sometimes, very useful."
271,"It's now in 24. And when you get large numbers of people living in land that is not that fertile, particularly when you cut down trees, and you leave the soil open to the wind for erosion, as desperate populations cut down more and more trees, so that they can try and grow food for themselves and their families, what's going to happen? And you know the kind I'm talking about. So it wasn't surprising to me that as I was traveling around the world I met so many young people who seemed to have lost hope. It's up to us to change things so that the poor have choice as well. That's the question I get asked as I'm going around the world: ""Jane, you've seen so many terrible things, you've seen your chimpanzees decrease in number from about one million, at the turn of the century, to no more than 150,000 now, and the same with so many other animals. You can't come to a conference like TED and not have hope, can you? And if we care about their future, we, as the elite around the world, we can do something about it. And we need some environmental role models as well, and I've been hearing some of them today. And it was very, very exciting for me to meet her and see just one example of how young people, when they are empowered, given the opportunity to take action, to make the world a better place, truly are our hope for tomorrow.","john sutter: it's up to us to change things so that the poor have choice. sutter: if we care about their future, we, as the elite around the world, can do something. he says we need some environmental role models as well. sutter: if we are empowered, we can make the world a better place.","The legendary chimpanzee researcher Jane Goodall talks about TACARE and her other community projects, which help people in booming African towns live side-by-side with threatened animals."
272,"Just think about that, you know? And I was so disappointed, and I was like, ""Oh my God, you know, what am I going to do?"" So we went to the school, and because we were nobodies, and because we didn't have privilege, and because my father didn't have the right last name, he was treated like dirt. And, you know, now, imagine if -- and I could go on and on -- imagine if this is all you know about me. And you didn't know about the windmill, you know? And what is it about our society that is generating leaders that we don't like? And because of him, I got into Harvard Law School, because he took an interest. And he tried to talk me out of it, but it was like, ""OK, I know nothing about applying to law school, I'm poli-sci Ph.D. But, you know, let's figure out what I need you to do, what I need to do to help you out."" You know, you're smart, you have all these things going for you.""","lz granderson: my father didn't have the right last name, he was treated like dirt. he says he got into law school because he took an interest in him. lz: ""you know, you're smart, you have all these things going for you""",Ory Okolloh tells the story of her life and her family -- and how she came to do her heroic work reporting on the doings of Kenya's parliament.
273,"I'm a librarian, and what I'm trying to do is bring all of the works of knowledge to as many people as want to read it. What we found out of this is we didn't have the right books. So the books were in the library. And we have a quick hack that we did to try to put one of our books on it, and it turns out that 200 dots per inch means that you can put scanned books on them that look really good. This is not a fax, this is -- the idea is to do a beautiful job as you're going through these libraries. We actually have been able to do a pretty good job of this, at getting 10 cents a page. So, we can do 10 cents a page, we're going 15,000 books a month and we've got about 250,000 books online, counting all the other projects that are starting to add in. If there's one thing that we want to learn from the Library of Alexandria version one, which is probably best known for burning, is, don't just have one copy. So we've started to -- we've made another copy of all of this and we actually put it back in the Library of Alexandria. How do we go and have a world where we both have libraries and publishing in the future, just as we basically benefited as we were growing up?","librarians have been able to do a pretty good job of getting 10 cents a page. they're going 15,000 books a month and we've got about 250,000 books online. ""we've made another copy of all of this and we actually put it back in the Library of Alexandria""","Brewster Kahle is building a truly huge digital library -- every book ever published, every movie ever released, all the strata of web history ... It's all free to the public -- unless someone else gets to it first."
274,"And if you buy all of this, and you think life is about computation, as I do, then you look at big questions through the eyes of a computer scientist. When you look at DNA origami, you can see that what it really is, even though you think it's complicated, is a bunch of double helices that are parallel to each other, and they're held together by places where short strands go along one helix and then jump to another one. What is it? You zoom in, there are just four DNA strands and they have little single-stranded bits on them that can bind to other tiles, if they match. So, what we've done is we've figured out a way to have a molecular program know when to stop going. Here's the DNA origami, and what we can do is we can write 32 on both edges of the DNA origami, and we can now use our watering can and water with tiles, and we can start growing tiles off of that and create a square. If we wanted to make a square of size 10, 100 or 1,000, if we used DNA origami alone, we would require a number of DNA strands that's the square of the size of that square; so we'd need 100, 10,000 or a million DNA strands. But if we use a little computation -- we use origami, plus some tiles that count -- then we can get away with using 100, 200 or 300 DNA strands. If you look at the square that you build with the origami and some counters growing off it, the pattern that it has is exactly the pattern that you need to make a memory. You know, so this is all very cool, but what I'd like you to take from the talk, hopefully from some of those big questions, is that this molecular programming isn't just about making gadgets.","DNA origami is a bunch of double helices that are parallel to each other. scientists have figured out a way to have a molecular program know when to stop. if we wanted to make a square of size 10, 100 or 1,000, if we used DNA origami alone, we would need 100, 10,000 or a million DNA strands.","In 2007, Paul Rothemund gave TED a short summary of his specialty, DNA folding. Now he lays out in clear, abundant detail the immense promise of this field -- to create tiny machines that assemble themselves."
275,"Einstein: Einstein. Since Einstein is a bird, she's very interested in things that fly. E: Ooh. E: [Squawks] SW: Yeah, it sure can. But you don't like to drink beer,  Einstein. (Laughter) SW: And so do all the folks  back home in Tennessee. (Laughter) SW: And since she's such a big fan, she knows that his birthday  is coming up at the end of March. Einstein, do you want  to say ""hi"" to all the owls? (Laughter) SW: At the zoo we have  big cats from the jungle. E: [Kissing noise] SW: And what do you say  when it's time to go?",Einstein's birthday is coming up at the end of march. big cats from the jungle are at the zoo.,"This whimsical wrap-up of TED2006 -- presented by Einstein, the African grey parrot, and her trainer, Stephanie White -- simply tickles. Watch for the moment when Einstein has a moment with Al Gore."
276,"(Laughter) So the hand that looks so good from the beginning, number three, at the end was actually the lowest hand. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 -- ah, 25, yes. And now a card with a contrast of five of clubs. The false count -- and the number one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight -- you say the same card all the time. (Laughter) Now, I put the laser here, and -- now, when I deal the cards in the laser, I know where they are but -- yes? I try to do this right here. Five, six, seven, eight -- ah -- nine, 10, the jack, jack of spades, queen of -- I like that laugh, yeah! So now, I will do it. (Laughter) And I give you a diamonds, so they -- so you put them here, in a nice row, right. Yeah, I do this.","jack of spades, queen of -- I like that laugh, yeah! I try to deal the cards in the laser here. five, six, seven, eight -- ah -- nine, 10, the jack, jack of spades.","Like your uncle at a family party, the rumpled Swedish doctor Lennart Green says, ""Pick a card, any card."" But what he does with those cards is pure magic -- flabbergasting, lightning-fast, how-does-he-do-it? magic."
277,"I got him. Now I have to tell you, I was talking to Kyle last week about this, that I was going to tell this story. I remember my image of you was that you were up on the shore yelling at me."" But to be a great photojournalist, you have to have more than just one or two great photographs in you. And that is what Nick did, up to a point. But what Nick did was he brought back a story that went beyond the old-school method of just straight, ""Isn't this an amazing world?"" So instead, what we did was we decided to, instead of going out and doing what would result in what we'd consider sort of a survey story -- where you just go in and see just a little bit of everything -- we put Jonas into Dharavi, which is part of Mumbai, India, and let him stay there, and really get into the heart and soul of this really major part of the city. But then Paul got in the water. So what she did was she started to bring penguins to him, alive, and put them in front of him. She'd kind of look at him, like ""What are you doing?""","a great photojournalist has to have more than just one or two great photographs in you. he brought back a story that went beyond the old-school method of just straight straight, ""isn't this an amazing world?"" ""we put Jonas into Dharavi, which is part of Mumbai, and let him stay there,"" he says.","The photo director for National Geographic, David Griffin knows the power of photography to connect us to our world. In a talk filled with glorious images, he talks about how we all use photos to tell our stories."
278,"But what happened was that when I administered a questionnaire to each of these schools, with one single question for the teachers -- which was, ""Would you like to move to an urban, metropolitan area?"" I'm going to talk about children and self-organization, and a set of experiments which sort of led to this idea of what might an alternative education be like. And this is what we saw. The last question is what everybody said, but you know, I mean, they must have poked their head over the wall and asked the people in your office, can you show me how to do it, and then somebody taught him. So I said, ""But how did you understand what's going on over there?"" What did we find? I'll leave it at that, because, I mean, it sort of says it all, doesn't it? What could they learn to do? So, how do they do that? What you have, actually, is there is one child operating the computer.","bob greene: i'm going to talk about children and self-organization, and experiments. greene: experiments led to idea of what might an alternative education be like. he says one child operating a computer, and the other child is a computer programmer. greene: i'm going to talk about children and self-organization, and experiments.","Speaking at LIFT 2007, Sugata Mitra talks about his Hole in the Wall project. Young kids in this project figured out how to use a PC on their own -- and then taught other kids. He asks, what else can children teach themselves?"
279,"It's always sort of struck me as really a scary thought that if you see a dog in a park, and the owner is calling it, and the owner says, you know, ""Puppy, come here, come here,"" and the dog thinks, ""Hmm, interesting. The number one is, ""I have it, you don't."" As I said, if he's in the park and there's a rear end to sniff, why come to the owner? So the second stage in training is to teach the dog to want to do what we want him to do, and this is very easy. And what we're doing, in essence, is we're teaching the dog, kind of like -- we're letting the dog think that the dog is training us. All I have to do is sit, and they do everything. And I would say, if it doesn't have to be, then maybe it shouldn't be. You see someone in the park -- and I'll cover my mic when I say this, because I don't want to wake you up -- and there's the owner in the park, and their dog's over here, and they say, ""Rover, come here. I was walking onto a plane -- this, for me, was a pivotal moment in my career, and it really cemented what I wanted to do with this whole puppy-training thing, the notion of how to teach puppies in a dog-friendly way to want to do what we want to do, so we don't have to force them. And my look to the future is, and what I want to do with this doggy stuff, is to teach people that you know, your husband's just as easy to train.","bob greene: if you see a dog in a park, the owner says, ""Puppy, come here, come here"" he says the second stage is to teach the dog to want to do what we want him to do. greene: if it doesn't have to be, maybe it shouldn't be.","Speaking at the 2007 EG conference, trainer Ian Dunbar asks us to see the world through the eyes of our beloved dogs. By knowing our pets' perspective, we can build their love and trust. It's a message that resonates well beyond the animal world."
280,"My mission in life since I was a kid was, and is, to take the rest of you into space. But I put forward here, the government is not going to get us there. One of the things that we did with the Ansari X PRIZE was take the challenge on that risk is OK, you know. In fact, anyone who says we shouldn't, you know, just needs to be put aside, because, as we go forward, in fact, the greatest discoveries we will ever know is ahead of us. We know -- 20 million dollars today, you can go and buy a ticket, but how cheap could it get? If you put up a prize, you can get literally a 50 to one leverage on your dollars. And then he turned around and said, ""Well, if you back a prize institute that runs a 10 prize, you get 500 to one."" But if you put up a prize, the beautiful thing is, you know, it's a very small maintenance fee, and you pay on success. You know, innovators, the entrepreneurs out there, you know that when you're going for a goal, the first thing you have to do is believe that you can do it yourself. So, as an organization, we put together a prize discovery process of how to come up with prizes and write the rules, and we're actually looking at creating prizes in a number of different categories.","the ansari X PRIZE is a prize that can get you 50 to one leverage on your dollars. john sutter: the government is not going to get us there. sutter: if you put up a prize, it's a very small maintenance fee and you pay on success.","Peter Diamandis says it's our moral imperative to keep exploring space -- and he talks about how, with the X Prize and other incentives, we're going to do just that."
281,"Girl 4: I wouldn't like it. I think right now the computers will be at the top and everything will be kind of going down and stuff. So, what I'd like to ask is, if the computer is becoming a principal tool of media and entertainment, how did we get here? To build that, what we'd do with Whirlwind technology is we'd have to take up roughly from the 10 to Mulholland, and from the 405 to La Cienega just with those Whirlwinds. So, the next time they tell you they're on to something, clearly they're not. It turns out there was a lot to learn about how this new medium worked. The year is 1993 and he was working on a book and I was working on a video to help him kind of explain where we were all heading and how to popularize all this. Well, you know where we're going on from here. We don't have to go to them."" PH: I think it's a great time of enthrallment.","the computer is becoming a principal tool of media and entertainment. ""you know where we're going on from here. we don't have to go to them,"" she says.","In this absorbing look at emerging media and tech history, Peter Hirshberg shares some crucial lessons from Silicon Valley and explains why the web is so much more than ""better TV."""
282,"You become part of an ""us."" That is all you do. But the amazing news was that because they had stood up, these women, and because they had been willing to risk their security, it began a discussion that not only happened in Uganda, but all of Africa. So she really struggled with this, what to do, because she was a senior and she was doing well in her school and she was threatened expulsion. When she began her mission eight years ago, she was reviled, she was detested, she was completely slandered in her community. (Applause) I think what I'm trying to say here is that if your end goal is security, and if that's all you're focusing on, what ends up happening is that you create not only more insecurity in other people, but you make yourself far more insecure. And I think part of what I'm learning in this process is that one must allow oneself to feel grief. Because when you spend a lot of time going from place to place, country to country, and city to city, the degree to which women, for example, are violated, and the epidemic of it, and the kind of ordinariness of it, is so devastating to one's soul that you have to take the time, or I have to take the time now, to process that. CA: There are a lot of causes out there in the world that have been talked about, you know, poverty, sickness and so on. If you think that the U.N. now says that one out of three women on the planet will be raped or beaten in their lifetime, we're talking about the desecration of the primary resource of the planet, we're talking about the place where we come from, we're talking about parenting.","one out of three women on the planet will be raped or beaten in their lifetime. nina dos santos: if your end goal is security, you create more insecurity in other people. santos: one must allow oneself to feel grief.","Playwright Eve Ensler explores our modern craving for security -- and why it makes us less secure. Listen for inspiring, heartbreaking stories of women making change."
283,"(Laughter) But the reason I put this up here is because when I was in Africa last year, my wife and I were driving around, we had this wonderful guide, who showed us something that surprised both of us, and it was very revealing in terms of the fascination that comes with the design of animals. And we said, ""We get out and walk?"" We got out and walked, and sure enough, about half a mile, we came over the crest of this hill, and there was a huge gathering of Bedouin with their camels. Richard said, ""I want you to get up close and personal with this camel. I want you to get as close to that camel as you possibly can."" They don't. They don't have traditional hooves, but they do have one, like, big nail. (Music) (Applause) KB: What I didn't show you was, you got that swinging thing going? Now, what you also didn't see was that -- and you may have noticed in the pen beside him and, by the way, the camel's name is Suki. But before I do, I just want to mention that this animal truly is a sort of the SUV of the sand, the ship of the desert.","a camel is a sort of the SUV of the sand, the ship of the desert. the camel's name is Suki. the camel's name is suki.","Keith Bellows gleefully outlines the engineering marvels of the camel, a vital creature he calls ""the SUV of the desert."" Though he couldn't bring a live camel to TED, he gets his camera crew as close as humanly possible to a one-ton beast in full rut."
284,"I'm here to talk to you about the importance of praise, admiration and thank you, and having it be specific and genuine. And the way I got interested in this was, I noticed in myself, when I was growing up, and until about a few years ago, that I would want to say thank you to someone, I would want to praise them, I would want to take in their praise of me and I'd just stop it. So my question is, why don't we ask for the things that we need? I know a gentleman, married for 25 years, who's longing to hear his wife say, ""Thank you for being the breadwinner, so I can stay home with the kids,"" but won't ask. She, once a week, meets with her husband and says, ""I'd really like you to thank me for all these things I did in the house and with the kids."" And she said, ""Why wouldn't I thank it, even though they're supposed to do it?"" So, the question is, why was I blocking it? The guy said, ""You know, when you true the wheels, it's going to make the bike so much better."" I get the same bike back, and they've taken all the little warps out of those same wheels I've had for two and a half years, and my bike is like new. I want you to true your wheels: be honest about the praise that you need to hear.","donna brazile: praise, admiration and thank you should be specific and genuine. brazile: i know a husband who's longing to hear his wife say, ""Thank you for being the breadwinner"" brazile: i want you to true your wheels about the praise that you need to hear.","In this deceptively simple 3-minute talk, Dr. Laura Trice muses on the power of the magic words ""thank you"" -- to deepen a friendship, to repair a bond, to make sure another person knows what they mean to you. Try it."
285,"Part of the problem, I think, is we stand at the beach, or we see images like this of the ocean, and you look out at this great big blue expanse, and it's shimmering and it's moving and there's waves and there's surf and there's tides, but you have no idea for what lies in there. They're going up and down. Bill Lange: We tend to forget about the fact that the ocean is miles deep on average, and that we're real familiar with the animals that are in the first 200 or 300 feet, but we're not familiar with what exists from there all the way down to the bottom. And you can sit in a room like this, with a joystick and a headset, and drive a robot like that around the bottom of the ocean in real time. BL: The white material is a type of bacteria that thrives at 180 degrees C. DG: I think that's one of the greatest stories right now that we're seeing from the bottom of the sea, is that the first thing we see coming out of the sea floor after a volcanic eruption is bacteria. DG: You can see, here's a crab that lives down there. What they're getting at is that -- on the back of this crab -- the foodstuff here is this very strange bacteria that lives on the backs of all these animals. And what these shrimp are trying to do is actually harvest the bacteria from the backs of these animals. You see the hot water over here, here and here, coming out. So, what we've got to learn now is to find out where this planet's going at all these different scales and work with it.","the ocean is miles deep on average, but we're not familiar with what exists down to the bottom. a joystick and a headset can drive a robot around the ocean in real time. the first thing we see coming out of the sea floor after a volcanic eruption is bacteria.","With vibrant video clips captured by submarines, David Gallo takes us to some of Earth's darkest, most violent, toxic and beautiful habitats, the valleys and volcanic ridges of the oceans' depths, where life is bizarre, resilient and shockingly abundant."
286,"If you ask people about what part of psychology do they think is hard, and you say, ""Well, what about thinking and emotions?"" And I think the only way to avoid it is to have some horrible visible disease, and then you don't have to explain. And then, of course, you have to do something about how to moderate that, so that anybody can -- so they'll listen to you. A person comes out, they live for a thousand years doing whatever they do, and then, when it's time to go back for a billion years -- or a million, I forget, the numbers don't matter -- but there really aren't very many people on Earth at a time. I think the big problem is that we're not smart enough to understand which of the problems we're facing are good enough. And as I said, we don't know how hard that is. If we do have longevity, then we'll have to face the population growth problem anyway. Nobody knows how most of them work in detail, but we do know that there're lots of different things in there. And I guess I better skip all the rest of this, which are some details on how we might make those smart machines and -- (Laughter) -- and the main idea is in fact that the core of a really smart machine is one that recognizes that a certain kind of problem is facing you. Saying, not what are the situations, but what are the kinds of problems and what are the kinds of strategies, how do you learn them, how do you connect them up, how does a really creative person invent a new way of thinking out of the available resources and so forth.","david frum: we're not smart enough to understand which of the problems we're facing are good enough. frum: if we do have longevity, then we'll have to face the population growth problem anyway. he says the core of a really smart machine is one that recognizes that a certain kind of problem is facing you. frum: if we're smart enough to understand which of the problems we're facing are good enough, we'll have longevity.","Listen closely -- Marvin Minsky's arch, eclectic, charmingly offhand talk on health, overpopulation and the human mind is packed with subtlety: wit, wisdom and just an ounce of wily, is-he-joking? advice."
287,"The famous ones -- despotism is a good one; anarchy is a way to not deploy the power in any organized way, to do it in a radically diffused fashion; and democracy is a set of technologies, which have the effect of, in principle, diffusing the power source to a large number of people and then re-concentrating it in a smaller group of people who govern, and who themselves are, in principle, authorized to govern by virtue of what the broader public has done. It follows from that that all of the people in the world who say that they are Muslims can, in principle, subscribe to a wide range of different interpretations of what Islam really is, and the same is true of democracy. Fear is not an implausible reaction with a war just around the corner and with a very, very high likelihood that many, many people are going to die as a consequence of this confrontation -- a confrontation which many, many people in the Muslim world do not want, many, many people in the American democracy do not want, many people elsewhere in the world do not want, but which nonetheless is favored by a large enough number of people -- at least in the relevant space, which is the United States -- to actually go forward. Well, all over the Muslim world there are people who take Islam deeply seriously, people who care about Islam, for whom it's a source either of faith, or of civilization, or of deep values, or just a source of powerful personal identity, who think and are saying loudly that Islam and democracy are in fact not in conflict, but are in fact deeply compatible. But now that the Cold War is over, there's nearly universal consensus in the Muslim world -- and pretty close to the same here in the United States, if you talk to people and ask them -- that in principle, there's no reason that democracy and Islam cannot co-exist. Now what I want to suggest to you is that the reason for hope in this case is that we are on the edge of a real transformation in the Muslim world. It will also not look exactly the way either the people in this room, or Muslims out in the rest of the world -- I don't mean to imply there aren't Muslims here, there probably are -- conceptualize Islam. Now, I began with the war because it's the elephant in the room, and you can't pretend that there isn't about to be a war if you're talking about these issues. The war has tremendous risks for the model that I'm describing because it's very possible that as a consequence of a war, many Muslims will conclude that the United States is not the kind of place that they want to emulate with respect to its forms of political government. On the other hand, the capacities for positive results in the aftermath of a war are also not to be underestimated, even by, and I would say especially by, people who are deeply skeptical about whether we should go to war in the first place.","aaron miller: fear is not an implausible reaction with a war just around the corner. miller: there's nearly universal consensus in the Muslim world that democracy and Islam can co-exist. he says we are on the edge of a real transformation in the Muslim world. miller: we need a new way of thinking about the world, not a new way of thinking about it.","Noah Feldman makes a searing case that both politics and religion -- whatever their differences -- are similar technologies, designed to efficiently connect and manage any group of people."
288,"So that's really what this is all about. We really are what we eat. You know, we have to change the way we teach kids about these things. I get up at 4 a.m. every day and go cook the food for the kids, because this is what we need to do. You know, we have to change it. You know, the things that we maybe do at home and think are so important, we have to teach kids about in school. You know, if you have kids coming into lunch and all they're going to do when they get out of lunch is go to have recess, you see them just throw away their lunch so they can run outside. I think if we're going to fix this, one of the things we have to do is really change how we have oversight over the National School Lunch Program. That means we spend less than a dollar a day on food for kids in schools -- most schools, 80 to 90 cents. In our country, it's the kids that need it the most, who get this really, really lousy food.","we spend less than a dollar a day on food for kids in schools. bob greene: we have to change how we have oversight over the national school lunch program. he says kids that need it the most get this really, really lousy food. greene: we have to change how we have oversight over the National School Lunch Program.","Speaking at the 2007 EG conference, ""renegade lunch lady"" Ann Cooper talks about the coming revolution in the way kids eat at school -- local, sustainable, seasonal and even educational food."
289,"A year ago, I spoke to you about a book that I was just in the process of completing, that has come out in the interim, and I would like to talk to you today about some of the controversies that that book inspired. There are a number of reasons to doubt that the human mind is a blank slate, and some of them just come from common sense. There are also, I think, increasing results from the scientific study of humans that, indeed, we're not born blank slates. They are: the arts and parenting. Well, in fact, the arts are not in decline. And here's just one example. Well, the argument in ""The Blank Slate"" was that elite art and criticism in the 20th century, although not the arts in general, have disdained beauty, pleasure, clarity, insight and style. They're useless because they don't control for heritability. You might think, well, then they'd be even more similar, because not only would they share their genes, but they would also share their environment. What it suggests is that children are shaped not by their parents over the long run, but in part -- only in part -- by their genes, in part by their culture -- the culture of the country at large and the children's own culture, namely their peer group -- as we heard from Jill Sobule earlier today, that's what kids care about -- and, to a very large extent, larger than most people are prepared to acknowledge, by chance: chance events in the wiring of the brain in utero; chance events as you live your life.","jeffrey toobin: there are controversies about whether the human mind is a blank slate. toobin: science shows we're not born blank slates, but the arts are not in decline. toobin: kids are shaped not by their parents over the long run, but by their genes. toobin: kids are shaped by their peer group, not by their parents over the long run.","Steven Pinker's book The Blank Slate argues that all humans are born with some innate traits. Here, Pinker talks about his thesis, and why some people found it incredibly upsetting."
290,"Are they going to be around in 50 years? I think we're sort of on the cusp of robots becoming common, and I think we're sort of around 1978 or 1980 in personal computer years, where the first few robots are starting to appear. (Laughter) (Applause) I'm going to show this robot a task. And we've been trying to put that into our lab robots because we think this is how you're going to want to interact with robots in the future. So, once you've got that -- and here's a robot, here's Kismet, looking around for a toy. (Laughter) RB: I'm going to leave it at that. So we put this in the robot. But I think, you know, we have to accept that we are just machines. (Laughter) And we're just not going to let it go that way. (Laughter) So, I think I'm going to leave it at that: the robots are coming, we don't have too much to worry about, it's going to be a lot of fun, and I hope you all enjoy the journey over the next 50 years.","we're sort of on the cusp of robots becoming common, RB says. we're sort of around 1978 or 1980 in personal computer years. RB: ""we have to accept that we are just machines""","In this prophetic talk from 2003, roboticist Rodney Brooks talks about how robots are going to work their way into our lives -- starting with toys and moving into household chores ... and beyond."
291,"These are inflatable monkeys in every city in Scotland: ""Everybody always thinks they are right."" They were combined in the media. All of these things are pieces of graphic design. I would never have the money to actually pay for the installment or pay for all the billboards or the production of these, so there's always a client attached to them. So this is the big pedestrian zone in Linz. We steamed up the windows permanently, and every hour we had a different designer come in and write these things that they've learned into the steam in the window. This is a little spot that we filmed there that's to be displayed on the large JumboTrons in Singapore. If it's -- see it for a long enough time, I actually do something about it. This is newsprint plus stencils that lie on the newsprint. After a week, we took the stencils and the leaves off, shipped the newsprints to Lisbon to a very sunny spot, so on day one the billboard said, ""Complaining is silly.","""complaining is silly,"" a billboard said on day one. the billboard was filmed in a big pedestrian zone in Linz, germany. it's to be displayed on the large JumboTrons in Singapore.","Rockstar designer Stefan Sagmeister delivers a short, witty talk on life lessons, expressed through surprising modes of design (including ... inflatable monkeys?)."
292,"(Laughter) (Applause) (Laughter) So if you think that half of America votes Republican because they are blinded in this way, then my message to you is that you're trapped in a moral Matrix, in a particular moral Matrix. OK, so what's on the first draft of the moral mind? This moral foundation underlies about 70 percent of the moral statements I've heard here at TED. (Laughter) But if you're a conservative, that's not so attractive. (Laughter) You might say, OK, there are differences between liberals and conservatives, but what makes the three other foundations moral? But they quickly see other people aren't doing so much. If you want to give some of your own money to punish people who aren't contributing, you can do that."" But I'm particularly interested in religion and the origin of religion and in what it does to us and for us, because I think the greatest wonder in the world is not the Grand Canyon. And if you want to change other people, a much better way to do it is to first understand who we are -- understand our moral psychology, understand that we all think we're right -- and then step out, even if it's just for a moment, step out -- check in with Sēngcàn. Step out of the moral Matrix, just try to see it as a struggle playing out, in which everybody thinks they're right, and even if you disagree with them, everybody has some reasons for what they're doing.","the greatest wonder in the world is not the Grand Canyon. if you want to change other people, a much better way is to first understand who we are. step out of the moral Matrix, just try to see it as a struggle playing out.","Psychologist Jonathan Haidt studies the five moral values that form the basis of our political choices, whether we're left, right or center. In this eye-opening talk, he pinpoints the moral values that liberals and conservatives tend to honor most."
293,"You know, you think it's so cool, but they -- anyway, I made this little tape that I'd always show when I go in. I used to be in the film business, kind of, and actually, Nicholas Negroponte saw this when I was, like, 12, and anyway, so then they said, ""No, you have to make two and they have to fight."" OK, so, so that was a, that was the first kind of a -- that was the first batch of products. And, you know, they had lots, just lots of stuff in there that you didn't need, I thought. And, you know, I want to make it blink and do all that at the same time. There's my little Furby. And I like the guy with the cigar at the bottom there. So now I have to really figure out all kinds of stuff I don't know how to do. We did a little hand-held device for teens that could hook up to the Internet, won ""Best Innovations"" at CES, but really I kind of slowed down and said, OK, I just ... After a while, I had this old tape of this dinosaur, and I gave it to this guy, and this other guy saw it, and then people started to want to do it. And you can see we got a guy from -- who's just a fanatic about dinosaurs to do the sculpting for us, down to the spoon-shaped teeth and everything.","a little hand-held device for teens that could hook up to the Internet won ""best innovations"" at CES. ""now I have to really figure out all kinds of stuff I don't know how to do,"" says a spokesman.","Pleo the robot dinosaur acts like a living pet -- exploring, cuddling, playing, reacting and learning. Inventor Caleb Chung talks about Pleo and his wild toy career at EG07, on the week that Pleo shipped to stores for the first time."
294,"I was a student in the '60s, a time of social upheaval and questioning, and -- on a personal level -- an awakening sense of idealism. Our political and military leaders were telling us one thing and photographers were telling us another. Their images fuelled resistance to the war and to racism. Their pictures became part of our collective consciousness and, as consciousness evolved into a shared sense of conscience, change became not only possible, but inevitable. It puts a human face on issues which, from afar, can appear abstract or ideological or monumental in their global impact. There’s a vital story that needs to be told and I wish for TED to help me gain access to it and then to help me come up with innovative and exciting ways to use news photography in the digital era. [ ""I have been a witness, and these pictures are my testimony."" [ India ] [ TB is preventable and curable, ] [ but it is mutating due to inadequate treatment. ] [ XDR-TB: ] [ extreme drug resistant tuberculosis. ] [ We can stop this now. ]","photographer nina dos santos was a student in the '60s, a time of social upheaval and questioning. her images fuelled resistance to the war and to racism. dos santos: ""i have been a witness, and these pictures are my testimony""","An ancient disease is taking on a deadly new form. James Nachtwey share his powerful photographs of XDR-TB, a newly drug-resistant strain of tuberculosis that has developed due to misused and inadequate medical treatments -- and that might be touching off a global medical crisis. "
295,"Overall, of all the things that you have to do, what is the single most important thing the VC is going to be investing in? You! And you have to have the skills that it takes to get a company going. You walk in, the first thing you've got to do, the overall arc of your presentation, it's got to start like a rocket. And then you've got to tell me how you're going to do it, and what you're going to do. I want to know validation -- not just what you're telling me, but that somebody or something else out there says this makes sense. Is this how to do a PowerPoint presentation? And you know what? I know the day, I know who I am -- I don't need all that. So how do I know what's going on?","cnn's john sutter asks: what is the single most important thing the VC is going to be investing in? sutter: you have to have the skills that it takes to get a company going. sutter: i want validation -- not just what you're telling me, but that somebody else says this makes sense.",Thinking startup? David S. Rose's rapid-fire TED U talk on pitching to a venture capitalist tells you the 10 things you need to know about yourself -- and prove to a VC -- before you fire up your slideshow.
296,"I was shocked, but I wasn't surprised, because I had seen those same visual parallels when I was the prison superintendent of the Stanford Prison Study. ""What"" could be the who of people, but it could also be the what of the situation, and obviously that's wrongheaded. And to change it, you've got to know where the power is, in the system. And the good news that I'm going to hopefully come to at the end is that it makes some of us heroes. He said, ""Why don't we put you in a situation and give you a chance to see what you would do?"" Milgram's study is all about individual authority to control people. I'm going to put them in a bad situation. I was the first one to be picked up, so they put me in a cell, which was just like a room with a door with bars on it. To be a hero, you have to learn to be a deviant, because you're always going against the conformity of the group. You know what?","bob greene says he was the prison superintendent of the Stanford prison study. he says he was the first one to be picked up, so he was put in a cell. he says to be a hero, you have to learn to be a deviant. greene: to be a hero, you have to learn to be a deviant.","Philip Zimbardo knows how easy it is for nice people to turn bad. In this talk, he shares insights and graphic unseen photos from the Abu Ghraib trials. Then he talks about the flip side: how easy it is to be a hero, and how we can rise to the challenge."
297,"It was around this time we went from 1K to 16K, which was quite the leap. You have to remember that this is not a real island. Think about that's where we are right now, and the curve that we're on means that this is going to continue to get better. So I'd like to play this video. But as was the case for most of my generation, I spent a lot of time in front of the TV. It is because I have had life-altering experiences in virtual space, and video games had begun to erode my own understanding of what is real and what is not. I know what I want and I do it. (Applause) I found that video very, very thought provoking, and that's why I wanted to bring it here for you guys to see. I think it's going to come from the children who are growing up now that aren't stuck with all of the stuff that we remember from the past. That's it.","cnn's john sutter shares his thoughts on the evolution of video games. sutter: ""video games have begun to erode my own understanding of what is real and what is not"" sutter: ""you have to remember that this is not a real island""","Game designer David Perry says tomorrow's videogames will be more than mere fun to the next generation of gamers. They'll be lush, complex, emotional experiences -- more involving and meaningful to some than real life. With an excerpt from Michael Highland's film ""As Real as Your Life."""
298,"The thing that all the work has in common is that it challenges the assumptions about conventions of space. So, all the waters of the world are served there, so we thought that, you know, after being at the water and moving through the water and breathing the water, you could also drink this building. In 2003, the Whitney mounted a retrospective of our work that featured a lot of this work from the '80s and '90s. We used the wall to partition the 13 installations of the project and produce a kind of acoustic and visual separation. So, you come in and you're basically squeezed by the theater, by the belly of the theater, into this very compressed space where the view is turned off. And this was really a kind of very important part of this building, and here is a point where architecture -- this is like technology-free -- architecture is only a framing device, it only edits the harbor view, the industrial harbor just through its walls, its floors and its ceiling, to only expose the water itself, the texture of water, much like a hypnotic effect created by electronic snow or a lava lamp or something like that. And here is where we really felt that there was a great convergence of the technological and the natural in the project. So, this is the entrance to Tully Hall as it used to be, before the renovation, which we just started. But what I wanted to do was take a couple of seconds that I have left to just talk about the hall itself, which is kind of where we're really doing a massive amount of work. So now that we've stripped the hall of all visual distraction, everything that prevents this intimacy which is supposed to connect the house, the audience, with the performers, we add one little detail, one piece of architectural excess, a special effect: lighting.","in 2003, the Whitney mounted a retrospective of our work that featured a lot of work from the '80s and '90s. we used the wall to partition the 13 installations of the project and produce a kind of acoustic and visual separation. we added one little detail, one piece of architectural excess, a special effect.","In this engrossing EG talk, architect Liz Diller shares her firm DS+R's more unusual work, including the Blur Building, whose walls are made of fog, and the revamped Alice Tully Hall, which is wrapped in glowing wooden skin."
299,"If you come in you will see us: evening time, at table -- set for ten but not always all seats filled -- at the point when dinner is ready to be served. For mom said, ""To be family, is to care and share and to look out for one another. This is when we can just be who we are, and now we have this stuffy brother with his shirt and tie on, while we are still in our PJs. That's what the celebration is all about. And he said, ""I hope that you will have the strength to do what I did. I think I see it. I think maybe it's one time when the Bible talks about a healthcare system and a commitment to do whatever is necessary -- that all God's children would have their needs cared for, so that we could answer when mommy eternal asks, ""In regards to health, are all the children in?"" So, let me explain to you what I mean when I think about compassion, and why I think it is so important that right at this point in history. And this is why we do it. The song says, ♫ ""I made heaven so happy today, ♫ ♫ Receiving God's love and giving it away ♫ ♫ When I looked up, heaven smiled at me ♫ ♫ Now, I'm so happy.","bob greene: to be family, is to care and share and to look out for one another. greene: a song says, ""i made heaven so happy today,   Receiving God's love and giving it away"" he says compassion is so important at this point in history, and why we do it. greene: it's a way of life, a way of life, a way of life, a way of life.","Join Rev. James Forbes at the dinner table of his Southern childhood, where his mother and father taught him what compassion really means day to day -- sharing with those who need love."
300,"Let's just get started here. Okay, just a moment. (Whirring) All right. (Laughter) Oh, sorry. (Music) (Beatboxing) Thank you. (Applause)","(Laughter) Oh, sorry. (Applause) (Beatboxing)","Human beatbox James ""AudioPoet"" Burchfield performs an intricate three-minute breakdown -- sexy, propulsive hip-hop rhythms and turntable textures -- all using only his voice."
301,"(Laughter) And one of the thoughts that I had dealing with these two separate emergences of a book and a baby, and having this event happen so close -- that my first thought, when I was still kind of in the apartment looking out at it all or walking out on the street and looking out on it just in front of our building, was that I'd made a terrible miscalculation in the book that I'd just written. And so I started to think, well, you know, density, density -- I'm not sure if, you know, this was the right call. And this is increasingly what we're starting to see on the Web in a bunch of interesting ways -- most of which weren't around, actually, except in very experimental things, when I was writing ""Emergence"" and when the book came out. That is -- you know, there's no sentence that kind of conjures up that period better than that, I think, which is that you suddenly have the power to put up a picture of your dog and link to it, and somebody reading the page has the power to click on that link or not click on that link. Because effectively, what's happening here, what's creating this page, obviously -- and we all know this, but it's worth just thinking about it -- is not some person deciding that I am the number one answer for Steven Johnson, but rather somehow the entire web of people putting up pages and deciding to link to my page or not link to it, and Google just sitting there and running the numbers. Now, what you're having here is basically a global brain that you're able to do lots of kind of experiments on to see what it's thinking. (Laughter) Now, there's one way to interpret this, which is to say that ""emancipation"" and ""depression"" and ""recovery"" all have a lot of syllables. You know, 20 years before it was still, ""Ask not what you can do,"" but with Reagan, it's, ""that's where, there's Nancy and I,"" that kind of language. Now this is a very interesting thing. And so very quickly you can accumulate a bunch of links, and it makes it more likely for newcomers to link to you in the future, and then you get this kind of shape.","""emergence"" page has power to put up a picture of your dog and link to it. ""emancipation"" and ""depression"" and ""recovery"" all have a lot of syllables. it makes it more likely for newcomers to link to you in some way.","Outside.in's Steven Johnson says the Web is like a city: built by many people, completely controlled by no one, intricately interconnected and yet functioning as many independent parts. While disaster strikes in one place, elsewhere, life goes on."
302,"When I first arrived in beautiful Zimbabwe, it was difficult to understand that 35 percent of the population is HIV positive. It really wasn't until I was invited to the homes of people that I started to understand the human toll of the epidemic. When I first met him, he was sitting on his grandmother's lap. He has been orphaned, as both of his parents died of AIDS, and his grandmother took care of him until he too died of AIDS. He liked to sit on her lap because he said that it was painful for him to lie in his own bed. This is Joyce who's -- in this picture -- 21. And I was last week walking on Lafayette Street in Manhattan and got a call from a woman who I didn't know, but she called to tell me that Joyce had passed away at the age of 23. Joyce's mother is now taking care of her daughter, like so many other Zimbabwean children who've been orphaned by the epidemic. So a few of the stories. It was just frightening.",cnn's nina dos santos visited the homes of children who've been orphaned by the epidemic. she says it was difficult to understand that 35 percent of the population is HIV positive. dos santos visited the homes of children who've been orphaned by the epidemic.,"In this moving talk, documentary photographer Kristen Ashburn shares unforgettable images of the human impact of AIDS in Africa."
303,"So why didn't the Greenland Norse as well? And then finally, the fifth item on my checklist is the political, economic, social and cultural factors in the society that make it more or less likely that the society will perceive and solve its environmental problems. In the case of the Greenland Norse, cultural factors that made it difficult for them to solve their problems were: their commitments to a Christian society investing heavily in cathedrals; their being a competitive-ranked chiefly society; and their scorn for the Inuit, from whom they refused to learn. So, I'm looking at these issues of collapses for a lot of past societies and for many present societies. There are many societies that don't wind down gradually, but they build up -- get richer and more powerful -- and then within a short time, within a few decades after their peak, they collapse. A second general theme is that there are many, often subtle environmental factors that make some societies more fragile than others. And within the last couple of years, it's been obvious that the elite in the business world correctly perceive that they can advance their short-term interest by doing things that are good for them but bad for society as a whole, such as draining a few billion dollars out of Enron and other businesses. Well, all of us know the dozen sorts of ticking time bombs going on in the modern world, time bombs that have fuses of a few decades to -- all of them, not more than 50 years, and any one of which can do us in; the time bombs of water, of soil, of climate change, invasive species, the photosynthetic ceiling, population problems, toxics, etc., etc. For example, if we solve our problems of water and soil and population, but don't solve our problems of toxics, then we are in trouble. And there's a lot that we already do understand, but aren't doing, and that we need to be doing.","john avlon: why didn't the greenland norse solve their environmental problems? avlon: there are many, often subtle environmental factors that make some societies more fragile. avlon: if we solve our problems of water and soil, but don't solve our problems of toxics, we are in trouble. avlon: if we solve our problems of water and soil, but don't solve our problems of toxics, we are in trouble","Why do societies fail? With lessons from the Norse of Iron Age Greenland, deforested Easter Island and present-day Montana, Jared Diamond talks about the signs that collapse is near, and how -- if we see it in time -- we can prevent it."
304,"I love doing this work, because it really gives many people new hope and new choices that they didn't have before, and it allows us to talk about things that -- not just diet, but that happiness is not -- we're talking about the pursuit of happiness, but when you really look at all the spiritual traditions, what Aldous Huxley called the ""perennial wisdom,"" when you get past the names and forms and rituals that divide people, it's really about -- our nature is to be happy; our nature is to be peaceful, our nature is to be healthy. And so happiness is not something you get, health is generally not something that you get, but rather, all of these different practices -- you know, the ancient swamis and rabbis and priests and monks and nuns didn't develop these techniques to just manage stress or lower your blood pressure or unclog your arteries, even though it can do all those things. And it's not a diet. When I began doing this work 26 or 27 years ago, it was thought that once you have heart disease, it can only get worse. But it's really not natural; we found it could get better and better, and much more quickly than people thought. We also found the more people changed, the better they got. And what we found was that 99 percent of the patients stopped or reversed the progression of their heart disease. And the paradox is that when you make big changes, you get big benefits, and you feel so much better so quickly. The problem is, it's based on this half-truth: Americans eat too many simple carbs, so if you eat fewer, you'll lose weight, and even more weight if you eat whole foods and less fat, and you'll enhance your health rather than harming it. The last thing I want to talk about, apropos of the issue of the pursuit of happiness, is that study after study has shown that people who are lonely and depressed -- and depression is the other real epidemic in our culture -- are many times more likely to get sick and die prematurely, in part because, as we talked about, they're more likely to smoke, overeat, drink too much, work too hard, and so on.","dean obeidallah: we're talking about the pursuit of happiness, but it's not a diet. obeidallah: when you make big changes, you get big benefits, and you feel so much better. he says people who are lonely and depressed are more likely to get sick and die prematurely. obeidallah: if you're depressed, you're more likely to smoke, drink too much, work too hard.","Dean Ornish talks about simple, low-tech and low-cost ways to take advantage of the body's natural desire to heal itself."
305,"You have to, of course, be aware of the needs of others, but you have to be aware in such a way that you can carry on with your life and be of help to people. You know, there's no way that you can do anything for anyone if you overdo things. So there is a connectivity, and I have to understand that -- as part of the creation, as part of me being made in the image of God. Now there is, in Judaism, a gorgeous story of a rich man who sat in synagogue one day. He said, ""God wants bread. And after the Sabbath, he made 12 loaves of bread, took them to the synagogue, went into the synagogue, opened the ark and said, ""God, I don't know why you want this bread, but here you are."" And he put it in the ark with the scrolls of the Torah. Every week, the man would bring bread with raisins, with all sorts of good things, put it into the ark. ""Of course, what you are doing,"" he said to the rich man, ""is answering God's plea that we should be compassionate. So that is the way I feel: that I can only try to approach this notion of being compassionate, of understanding that there is a connectivity, that there is a unity in this world; that I want to try and serve that unity, and that I can try and do that by understanding, I hope, trying to understand something of the pain of others; but understanding that there are limits, that people have to bear responsibility for some of the problems that come upon them; and that I have to understand that there are limits to my energy, to the giving I can give.","jeffrey toobin: there's no way that you can do anything for anyone if you overdo things. toobin: there's a connectivity, and you have to be aware in such a way that you can help people. he says in judaism, rich man said, ""god, I don't know why you want this bread, but here you are"" toobin: if you want to be compassionate, you have to be aware of the needs of others","While we all agree that compassion is a great idea, Rabbi Tabick acknowledges there are challenges to its execution. She explains how a careful balance of compassion and justice allows us to do good deeds, and keep our sanity."
306,"Actually, for the next 18 minutes I'm going to do the best I can to describe the beauty of particle physics without equations. This seems weird to us, because each of us only experiences an individual existence, and we don't get to see other branches. The charges of all known particles can be plotted in a four-dimensional charge space, and projected down to two dimensions like this so we can see them. So there's an old idea in particle physics that this known pattern of charges, which is not very symmetric, could emerge from a more perfect pattern that gets broken -- similar to how the Higgs particle breaks the electroweak pattern to give electromagnetism. It's a very beautiful object, and as with any unification, we can see some holes where new particles are required by this pattern. From their location in this pattern, we know that these new particles should be scalar fields like the Higgs particle, but have color charge and interact with the strong force. (Laughter) Now, how bad would that be? GL: Well, right now the pattern I showed you that corresponds to what we know about elementary particle physics -- that already corresponds to a very beautiful shape. And that would be what explains all these elementary particles that we see. And -- in this way, the way that E8 comes in is it will be as a shape that's attached at each point in the space-time.",the charges of all known particles can be plotted in a four-dimensional charge space. we can see holes where new particles are required by this pattern. the pattern corresponds to what we know about elementary particle physics.,"Physicist and surfer Garrett Lisi presents a controversial new model of the universe that -- just maybe -- answers all the big questions. If nothing else, it's the most beautiful 8-dimensional model of elementary particles and forces you've ever seen."
307,"As the child grows to become an adult: so far, it has been a consumer, but the growth of a human being lies in his or her capacity to contribute, to be a contributor. There's no choice in this: that only confirms the reality that the wholeness cannot be different from you, cannot be minus you. It has got to be you. You cannot be a part of wholeness and still be whole. Your moment of happiness reveals that reality, that realization, that recognition: ""Maybe I am the whole. But if I say, in spite of my body being limited -- if it is black it is not white, if it is white it is not black: body is limited any which way you look at it. And the wholeness is the reality of you when you relate to the world. (Laughter) And, therefore, what I say, you have to fake it and make it. But then, how to act compassionately if you don't have compassion? You'll discover compassion and also slowly a relative compassion, and slowly, perhaps if you get the right teaching, you'll discover compassion is a dynamic manifestation of the reality of yourself, which is oneness, wholeness, and that's what you are.",jeffrey toobin: the growth of a human being lies in his or her capacity to contribute. toobin: you cannot be a part of wholeness and still be whole. toobin: compassion is a dynamic manifestation of the reality of yourself.,"Swami Dayananda Saraswati unravels the parallel paths of personal development and attaining true compassion. He walks us through each step of self-realization, from helpless infancy to the fearless act of caring for others."
308,"You might be wondering why I'm wearing sunglasses, and one answer to that is, because I'm here to talk about glamour. So, we all think we know what glamour is. But there is a glamour of industry. And there is, of course, this glamour. Well, one thing you can do if you want to know what glamour means is you can look in the dictionary. It's not -- glamour is not something -- you don't wake up in the morning glamorous. Glamour doesn't have to be people. In some sense, there has to be something like us. And the way we deal with that is we displace them -- we put them into a golden world, an imagined world, an age of heroes, the world to come. ""The Matrix"" is a movie that is all about glamour.","""the matrix"" is a movie that is all about glamour. ""glamour doesn't have to be people. in some sense, there has to be something like us""","In a timely talk, cultural critic Virginia Postrel muses on the true meaning, and the powerful uses, of glamour -- which she defines as any calculated, carefully polished image designed to impress and persuade."
309,"Marcus: Because I do what I like? I mean, the job of a poet is not just -- Boy: Man, fight the power! Again, this was my -- this was me talking about -- this was, again, the time of multiculturalism in the United Kingdom, and there was this buzzword -- and it was trying to say, what exactly does this multiculturalism mean in the real lives of people? The third piece for me is the question: What is cinema to you? I suppose that will take me to my last piece -- what cinema means for me. You know what you are? That is what you are here for, no? Just very quickly to say that my point really here, is that while we’re making all these huge advancements, what we're doing, which for me, you know, I think we should -- Africa should move forward, but we should remember, so we do not go back here again. (Applause) One of the themes that comes through very strongly in the piece we just watched is this sense of the psychological trauma of the young that have to play this role of being child soldiers. And considering where you are coming from, and when we consider the extent to which it’s not taken as seriously as it should be, what would you have to say about that?","boy: ""the job of a poet is not just -- man, fight the power!"" one of the themes that comes through very strongly in the piece we just watched is this sense of the psychological trauma of the young.","Filmmaker Newton Aduaka shows clips from his powerful, lyrical feature film ""Ezra,"" about a child soldier in Sierra Leone."
310,"The start of the story, where this means guy, and that is a ponytail on a passer-by. That's because she dances. Now he, the guy, takes all of this in, figuring, ""Honestly, geez, what are my chances?"" But he comes up with that, you know. He means he's got this sudden notion to stand on dry land, but just panhandle at the ocean. He says, ""You look like a mermaid, but you walk like a waltz."" Right now, talking to you, I'm not even really a guy. I'm thinking the southwest corner of 5th and 42nd at noon tomorrow, but I'll stay until you show up, ponytail or not. I don't know what else to tell you. But the girl does not budge, does not smile, does not frown.","""i'm not even really a guy,"" a passer-by tells cnn. ""i don't know what else to tell you,"" the girl says.",Rives tells a typographical fairy tale that's short and bittersweet ;)
311,"And then they stopped, and the man turned to me and said, ""What are you looking for, flying saucers?"" But what was stranger still -- and even I realized it at the time, as a nine-year-old child -- was that they stopped at all. (Laughter) But it was also the tone of how she asked the question: apropos of nothing, like she didn't even care about the answer, as though she just wanted to talk to me. I did not know what to say. And it was so successful that they made it into a movie. And in 1989, the way I remember it, I was in Philadelphia visiting my girlfriend, and we decided, apropos of nothing, to go see this movie. For what it's worth, we went to Sagres, which was considered, at the time, to be the end of the world. I remember what she looked like before she left. But he did not seem so very sure, for he sat down to wait with me. And then, in the middle of a sentence, at the very birth of twilight, I turned and looked down the street.","as a nine-year-old child, i realized it at the time that they stopped at all. at the birth of twilight, i turned and looked down the street. at the end of a sentence, at the very birth of twilight, i turned and looked down the street.","Humorist John Hodgman rambles through a new story about aliens, physics, time, space and the way all of these somehow contribute to a sweet, perfect memory of falling in love."
312,"Really good designers are like sponges: they really are curious and absorb every kind of information that comes their way, and transform it so that it can be used by people like us. We all know it, and we do it kind of automatically. And this exhibition is about the work of designers that help us be more elastic, and also of designers that really work on this elasticity as an opportunity. And one last thing is that it's not only designers, but it's also scientists. The exhibition will talk about the work of both designers and scientists, and show how they're presenting the possibilities of the future to us. This is the work of design students from the Royal College of Arts in London that have been working together with their tutor, Tony Dunne, and with a bunch of scientists around Great Britain on the possibilities of nanotechnology for design in the future. So you go, even in the exhibition, from the idea of nanotechnology and the nanoscale to the manipulation of really great amounts of data -- the mapping and tagging of the universe and of the world. Another aspect of contemporary design that I think is mind-opening, promising and will really be the future of design, is the idea of collective design. This is quite beautiful. And many designers have been working recently on the idea of death and mourning, and what we can do about it today with new technologies.","the exhibition is about the work of designers that help us be more elastic. it's not only designers, but it's also scientists who are presenting the possibilities of the future to us. the idea of collective design is mind-opening, promising and will be the future of design.",MOMA design curator Paola Antonelli previews the groundbreaking show Design and the Elastic Mind -- full of products and designs that reflect the way we think now.
313,"But I found that on the -- I read in the newspapers that there was to be a presentation by someone in a place that I'd seen in the center of Zurich, and it was about flying saucers [that] he was going to talk. And it's interesting, if you think about it, how, when we think about the civilizations that we look up to as having been pinnacles of human achievement -- whether it's China, Greece, the Hindu civilization, or the Mayas, or Egyptians -- what we know about them is really about their ecstasies, not about their everyday life. Now, this man doesn't need to go to a place like this, which is also -- this place, this arena, which is built like a Greek amphitheatre, is a place for ecstasy also. We are participating in a reality that is different from that of the everyday life that we're used to. You can't understand more than two people talking to you. And because all of these people I started interviewing -- this was an interview which is over 30 years old -- so many of the people described this as a spontaneous flow that I called this type of experience the ""flow experience."" This poet describes it as opening a door that floats in the sky -- a very similar description to what Albert Einstein gave as to how he imagined the forces of relativity, when he was struggling with trying to understand how it worked. And two things that we measure is the amount of challenge people experience at that moment and the amount of skill that they feel they have at that moment. And you may be doing things very differently from other people, but for everyone that flow channel, that area there, will be when you are doing what you really like to do -- play the piano, be with your best friend, perhaps work, if work is what provides flow for you. And that is the kind of challenge that we're trying to understand.","""flow experience"" is a spontaneous experience that is different from everyday life. many people describe it as opening a door that floats in the sky. ""we are participating in a reality that is different from that of the everyday life that we're used to""","Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi asks, ""What makes a life worth living?"" Noting that money cannot make us happy, he looks to those who find pleasure and lasting satisfaction in activities that bring about a state of ""flow."""
314,"But it wasn't simply for office or power or celebrity or fame -- what it was for was to accomplish something worthy enough in life so that he could make the world a little better place for his having lived in it. The Lyndon Johnson that I saw in the last years of his life, when I helped him on his memoirs, was a man who had spent so many years in the pursuit of work, power and individual success, that he had absolutely no psychic or emotional resources left to get him through the days once the presidency was gone. And because he was so sad and so vulnerable, he opened up to me in ways he never would have had I known him at the height of his power -- sharing his fears, his sorrows and his worries. It was almost as if the hole in his heart was so large that even the love of a family, without work, could not fill it. they said. It all began when I was only six years old, and my father taught me that mysterious art of keeping score while listening to baseball games -- so that when he went to work in New York during the day, I could record for him the history of that afternoon's Brooklyn Dodgers game. I must say, so fervent was my love of the old Brooklyn Dodgers in those days that I had to confess in my first confession two sins that related to baseball. So I had this sin on my soul when I went to my first confession. (Laughter) So he said, ""Look, I'll tell you something. (Laughter) Well, though my father died of a sudden heart attack when I was still in my 20s, before I had gotten married and had my three sons, I have passed his memory -- as well as his love of baseball -- on to my boys.","bob greene: Lyndon Johnson was a man who spent years in pursuit of work, power and success. greene: he opened up to me in ways he never would have had he known him at the height of his power. he says his love of baseball began when he was six years old. greene: he had to confess in his first confession two sins that related to baseball.","Historian Doris Kearns Goodwin talks about what we can learn from American presidents, including Abraham Lincoln and Lyndon Johnson. Then she shares a moving memory of her own father, and of their shared love of baseball."
315,"That is all well and good, but where do we go wrong, and what is the source of the lack of compassion in the world? For the answer to this, we turn to our spiritual path. The famous Sufi master Rumi, who is very well known to most of you, has a story in which he talks of a man who goes to the house of a friend, and he knocks on the door, and a voice answers, ""Who's there?"" In the presence of God, there is no room for more than one ""I,"" and that is the ""I"" of divinity. You want your employees to do what you ask them to do, and if they've done that, then they can do extra. It is this merging of our self with divinity that is the lesson and purpose of our spiritual path and all of our faith traditions. That is a moment which is a gift of God to us -- a gift when, for a moment, he lifts that boundary which makes us insist on ""I, I, I, me, me, me,"" and instead, like the person in Rumi's story, we say, ""Oh, this is all you. And us, and I, and us are all part of you. We have access to it all. But all this is for us to glorify the name of the creator whose primary name is the compassionating, the compassionate.","frida ghitis: in the presence of God, there is no room for more than one ""I"" of divinity. ghitis: this merging of our self with divinity is the lesson and purpose of our spiritual path. she says when we insist on ""I, I, I, me, me, me,"" he lifts the boundary and gives us access to it all. ghitis: if we want to be compassionate, we need to be compassionate and compassionate.","Imam Faisal Abdul Rauf combines the teachings of the Qur'an, the stories of Rumi, and the examples of Muhammad and Jesus, to demonstrate that only one obstacle stands between each of us and absolute compassion -- ourselves."
316,"And you all sort of know it, but it's hard to get it so that you really understand it. I've tried to show in this -- though the color doesn't come out -- that what I'm concerned with is the little 50-year time bubble that you are in. And with all the wonderful technology we have we can do things that are much more efficient: conserve, recycle, etc. That's its goal: the stratosphere, the blanket that really controls the radiation of the earth and permits life on earth to be the success that it is -- probing that is very important. PM: But now we're trying to get the video. And in a while, something this size will have GPS and a video camera in it. But there's a lot of technology going. This one doesn't have the video in it, but you get a little feel from what it can do. This is a warning, and we have to think seriously about it. You can think of it as a sort of a symbol for learning and TED that somehow gets you thinking of technology and nature, and puts it all together in things that are -- that make this conference, I think, more important than any that's taken place in this country in this decade.","the stratosphere is the blanket that controls the radiation of the earth. it's a warning, and we have to think seriously about it. it's a symbol for learning and TED that somehow gets you thinking of technology.","In 1998, aircraft designer Paul MacCready looks at a planet on which humans have utterly dominated nature, and talks about what we all can do to preserve nature's balance. His contribution: solar planes, superefficient gliders and the electric car."
317,"We spent a long time thinking about why this is, and it's just recently that we realized: it's when we see something unexpected, it changes our understanding of the way things work. You know, this way you could go to the container store and buy one of those metal sheets that they hang on the back of your door, in your closet, and you could literally stick your shoes up instead of using a shelf. So I just wanted to let you know, it's not actually coming out, just the concept is. One: the soft properties of the magnet that make it so that, if it were to hit the rider in the head, it wouldn't injure him. ZK: Now, our next technology is actually a 10-foot pole, and I have it right here in my pocket. ZK: As we were talking to the vendor -- to try to learn about how you could apply these, or how they're being applied currently -- he was telling us that, in the military they use this one so soldiers can keep it on their chests -- very concealed -- and then, when they're out on the field, erect it as an antenna to clearly send signals back to the base. (Laughter) ZK: Now, for our next technology we're going to do a little demonstration, and so we need a volunteer from the audience. KS: So that was the six we had for you today, but I hope you're starting to see why we find these things so fascinating. ZK: This is something that Keith and I really enjoy doing. And you know, his son was mesmerized, because he would dunk it in the water, he would take it out and it was bone dry.","a 10-foot pole could be used as an antenna to send signals back to the base. the magnetic properties of the pole make it so that, if it were to hit the rider in the head, it wouldn't injure him.","The Inventables guys, Zach Kaplan and Keith Schacht, demo some amazing new materials and how we might use them. Look for squishy magnets, odor-detecting ink, ""dry"" liquid and a very surprising 10-foot pole."
318,"And it’s the first time I’ve had a job where I’m afraid to go away because of everything that’s going to happen in this week when I’m here. (Laughter) But in any case, what I’m going to do in my little bit of time is take you on a quick tour of some of the things that we talk about and we think about. The first science of cosmology that was anything like science was Aristotelian science, and that was hierarchical. Now, in the 17th century there was a revolution in thinking about space and time and motion and so forth of Newton. Now, similarly, in Locke’s society there are individuals who have certain rights, properties in a formal sense, and those are defined with respect to some absolute, abstract notions of rights and justice, and so forth, which are independent of what else has happened in the society. There is also an omniscient observer who knows everything, who is God, who is in a certain sense outside the universe, because he has no role in anything that happens, but is in a certain sense everywhere, because space is just the way that God knows where everything is, according to Newton, OK? And merging them together to make the final quantum theory of space and time and gravity, is the culmination of that, something that’s going on right now. All properties of things are about these kinds of relationships. Because there’s no place to put a maker outside, as there was in the Aristotelian and the Newtonian universe. And what we’ve been working out is the implications, really, of the idea that the universe is made up of relations.","the first science of cosmology that was anything like science was Aristotelian science. in the 17th century there was a revolution in thinking about space and time and motion. there is also an omniscient observer who knows everything, who is God.","Physicist Lee Smolin talks about how the scientific community works: as he puts it, ""we fight and argue as hard as we can,"" but everyone accepts that the next generation of scientists will decide who's right. And, he says, that's how democracy works, too."
319,"Let me try and tell you -- I don’t mean to insult you, but look, if I -- and I’m not doing this for real because it would be an insult, so I’m going to pretend, and it softens the blow -- I’m going to tell you what you’re thinking. But it’s a question of perception, and if that’s what you’re thinking, if that’s what you think I mean when I say, ""This is an ocean planet stupidly called 'Earth.'"" If you think that that’s the relative importance, two to one, you’re wrong by a factor of ten. The problem we have in believing that is -- you just have to give up this notion that this Earth was created for us. If you look at that sub, you’ll see a sphere. It’s what we humans do when we go in the ocean as engineers; we take all our terrestrial hang-ups, all our constraints -- importantly, these two-dimensional constraints that we have, and they’re so constrained we don’t even understand it -- and we take them underwater. What we need to do is go down into the ocean with the freedom of the animals, and move in this three-dimensional space. There I’m coming; she sees me. I wanted you to notice that she actually turned to come back up. The rational for the world’s first flight school goes something like: when the coastguards come up to me and say -- they used to leave us alone when we were diving these goofy little spherical things, but when we started flying around in underwater jet fighters they got a little nervous -- they would come up and say, ""Do you have a license for that?""","bob greene: if you think this is an ocean planet stupidly called 'Earth,' you're wrong by a factor of ten. he says we have to give up notion that this Earth was created for us. greene: we need to go down into the ocean with the freedom of the animals.","Graham Hawkes takes us aboard his graceful, winged submarines to the depths of planet Ocean (a.k.a. ""Earth""). It's a deep blue world we landlubbers rarely see in 3D."
320,"He said, ""A human being is a part of the whole, called by us, the 'universe,' -- a part limited in time and space. I know the next Buddha will come a few thousand years from now, but exists currently in a certain heaven"" -- that's Maitreya -- ""so, I'm going to go on a retreat and I'm going to meditate and pray until the Buddha Maitreya reveals himself to me, and gives me a teaching or something to revive the practice of compassion in the world today."" That's it. So he thought, ""I will take the maggots and put them on this piece of flesh, then clean the dog's wounds, and then I'll figure out what to do with the maggots."" So, in a way, I like them so much because they're nice to me. But all of you in a way are part of the eternal mother. And this is the way you do it. And that is where you then look at the reality of all the beings you can think of. And you look at them, and you see how they are. And materialism, they think they get out of it just by not existing, by dying, but they don't.","the next Buddha will come a few thousand years from now, says maitreya. he says he's going to meditate and pray until the Buddha Maitreya reveals himself to him. all of you in a way are part of the eternal mother, he says.","It's hard to always show compassion -- even to the people we love, but Robert Thurman asks that we develop compassion for our enemies. He prescribes a seven-step meditation exercise to extend compassion beyond our inner circle."
321,"This is cis-3-hexene-1-ol. It has one double bond, it has an alcohol on the end, so it’s ""ol,"" and that’s why they call it cis-3-hexene-1-ol. If you dress it up with atoms, hydrogen atoms -- that’s what it looks like when you have it on your computer -- but actually it’s sort of more like this, in the sense that the atoms have a certain sphere that you cannot penetrate. OK, now. So let me explain to you why -- a very simple fact that tells you why this shape theory really does not work very well. This is cis-3-hexene-1-ol. Now, this is kind of interesting, because it tells you that you should be looking for a particular fact, which is this: nothing in the world smells like rotten eggs except S-H, OK? So here you have a system, you have something -- and there’s plenty of that stuff in biology -- some substance giving an electron, and the electron tries to jump, and only when a molecule comes along that has the right vibration does the reaction happen, OK? And the first thing you do is you calculate the vibrational spectrum of coumarin, and you smooth it out, so that you have a nice picture of what the sort of chord, so to speak, of coumarin is. You’re right, and I don’t care how you do it, in a sense; you bring me the molecules, you know.","cis-3-hexene-1-ol has one double bond, it has an alcohol on the end, so it's ""ol"" cis-3-hexene-1-ol has a certain sphere that you cannot penetrate. nothing in the world smells like rotten eggs except S-H, OK?","What's the science behind a sublime perfume? With charm and precision, biophysicist Luca Turin explains the molecular makeup -- and the art -- of a scent."
322,"Actually, I think the bad news about kin selection is just that it means that this kind of compassion is naturally deployed only within the family. The good news is compassion is natural. Again, I know this is not as inspiring a notion of compassion as you may have heard in the past, but from a biologist's point of view, this reciprocal altruism kind of compassion is ultimately self-serving too. Now, if you've been paying attention, you're probably anticipating that there's bad news here; we still aren't to universal love, and it's true because, although an appreciation of the golden rule is natural, it's also natural to carve out exceptions to the golden rule. And the problem is that -- although in the case of sending people to prison, you have this impartial judiciary determining who gets excluded from the golden rule -- that in everyday life, the way we all make these decisions about who we're not going to extend the golden rule to, is we use a much rougher and readier formula. Now, if you're playing doubles, then the person on your side of the net is in a non-zero-sum relationship with you, because every point is either good for both of you -- positive, win-win -- or bad for both of you, it's lose-lose. So, kind of webs of non-zero-sumness are where you would expect compassion and the golden rule to kind of work their magic. So, I think that's good. This is not the same as compassion, but it's conducive to compassion. I would just sum up the way things look, at least from this secular perspective, as far as compassion and the golden rule go, by saying that it's good news that compassion and the golden rule are in some sense built into human nature.",john avlon: bad news is compassion is naturally deployed only within the family. avlon: it's natural to carve out exceptions to the golden rule. he says it's good news that compassion and the golden rule are in some sense built into human nature. avlon: it's good news that compassion and the golden rule are in some sense built into human nature.,"Robert Wright uses evolutionary biology and game theory to explain why we appreciate the Golden Rule (""Do unto others...""), why we sometimes ignore it and why there’s hope that, in the near future, we might all have the compassion to follow it."
323,"And it looked like a way to go, until you start thinking about, what does deep time do to a building? You need absolutely the right mountain if you're going to have a clock for 10,000 years. There it is. This is it. Now, Danny and I were up at this same area one day, and Danny looked over to the right and noticed something halfway up the cliffs, which is a kind of a porch or a cliff shelf with bristlecones on it, and supposed that people going up to the clock inside the mountain could come out onto that shelf and look down at the view. If you go up on top of those cliffs, that's some of the Long Now land in those trees. And if you go up there and look back, then you'll get a sense of what the view starts to be like from the top of the mountain. he's trying to determine if where he is on a bit of Long Now land would appear from down in the valley to be the actual peak of the mountain. And if you go out to that line of trees at the far end, you'll see what the valley used to look like. It's not a clock in a mountain -- it's a mountain clock.","bob greene: you need absolutely the right mountain if you're going to have a clock for 10,000 years. greene: if you go up on top of those cliffs, that's some of the Long Now land in those trees. he says if you go out to that line of trees at the far end, you'll see what the valley used to look like. greene: it's not a clock in a mountain -- it's a mountain clock.","Stewart Brand works on the Clock of the Long Now, a timepiece that counts down the next 10,000 years. It's a beautiful project that asks us to think about the far, far future. Here, he discusses a tricky side problem with the Clock: Where can we put it?"
324,"You look outside: you have all that beauty that you see, all that life that you see around you, and here we have intelligent people like you and I who are having a conversation here. Why is there a planet on which there is life which have evolved? And these Rovers, people wonder now, what are they doing today, so I thought I would show you a little bit what they are doing. If I zoom on it, you can see: that's the Rover on the surface. So what you are seeing here are the layers on the wall of that crater, and the Rover is going down now, measuring, you know, the properties and analyzing the rocks as it's going down, you know, that canyon. What is that? And as you can see, this is a picture of the spacecraft put on Mars, but I thought that just in case you're going to miss that show, you know, in 17 days, I'll show you, kind of, a little bit of what's going to happen. As you saw a little bit earlier, when we were doing the Phoenix one, we have to take into account the heat that we are going to be facing. And we didn't want to take it propulsively all the way to the surface because we didn't want to contaminate the surface; we wanted the Rover to immediately land on its legs. So as you zoom in, you know, you can see Earth, you know, just in the middle here.","john avlon: people wonder why there is a planet on which there is life. avlon: in 17 days, i'll show you, kind of, a little bit of what's going to happen. avlon: we didn't want to take it propulsively all the way to the surface because we didn't want to contaminate it.","At Serious Play 2008, Charles Elachi shares stories from NASA's legendary Jet Propulsion Lab -- including tales and video from the Mars Rover project."
325,"And so when I came in and I started walking around, people -- they just knew what was going on. Because what I used to do, when I thought I was listening, was I would listen just enough to hear what people had to say and think that I could -- I knew what they were going to say, and so I stopped listening. I was 27. And what we’re going to do is, we’re going to have all of the professors allow you to go to class. I explained, with a friend who could interpret my sign language, that I was John Francis, I was walking around the world, I didn’t talk and this was the last time this person’s going to be here interpreting for me. And I learned in that class -- because I would do things like this ... and they were all gathered around, going, ""What's he trying to say?"" My dad came out to see me graduate and, you know, I did the deal, and my father said, ""We’re really proud of you son, but ... "" You know what went on, he said, ""You’ve got to start riding and driving and start talking. And it’s one of those things that came out of the silence, the listening to each other. And so that’s the message that I had. I had no idea I would have a Ph.D. And so I realized that I had a responsibility to more than just me, and that I was going to have to change.","when i was 27, i used to listen just enough to hear what people had to say. i had no idea i would have a Ph.D. and realized that i had a responsibility to more than just me.","For almost three decades, John Francis has been a planetwalker, traveling the globe by foot and sail with a message of environmental respect and responsibility (for 17 of those years without speaking). A funny, thoughtful talk with occasional banjo."
326,"Aimee Corrigan, a very talented and young photographer, and Robert Caputo, a friend and a mentor, who is a veteran of National Geographic, and told me, ""You know, Franco, in 25 years of covering Africa, I don't know if I have come across a story that is so full of hope and so fun."" The plan was to give you a portrait of Nollywood, of this incredible film industry, following Bond in his quest to make an action movie that deals with the issue of corruption, called ""Checkpoint."" I mean, there are those films that people are making for quality, but the first thing you have to remember about this society is that Africa still has people that live on one dollar a day, and these are the people that really watch these films. It’s not just what you see in picture. It’s not just what you see in the picture. For a young man to really make it out here, you got to think of some negative things and all that, or some kind of vices. The Nigerian filmmakers really, really, are doing what they like. I’m very interested in it and I really think that the digital non-linear editing has slashed, you know, the cost now is a fraction of what it used to be. Filmmakers, friends of mine, they look at Nollywood and they say, ""Wow, they are doing what we really want to do, and make a buck and live with this job."" So this is what I really think.","african filmmakers are doing what they like, says photographer aimee corrigan. digital non-linear editing has slashed the cost of filmmaking, she says. ""checkpoint"" is about a young man trying to make a movie about corruption.","Zambia-born filmmaker Franco Sacchi tours us through Nollywood, Nigeria's booming film industry (the world's 3rd largest). Guerrilla filmmaking and brilliance under pressure from crews that can shoot a full-length feature in a week."
327,"And that's what that moment with Patricia Schroeder I think shows: that if we are to bring about an end to the world's worst atrocities, we have to make it such. It sees itself, such as it is, the it, as something that will create the impression that there will be political cost, there will be a political price to be paid, for allowing genocide, for not having an heroic imagination, for not being an upstander but for being, in fact, a bystander. They have a 1-800-GENOCIDE number -- this is going to sound very kitsch, but for those of you who may not be, I mean, may be apolitical, but interested in doing something about genocide, you dial 1-800-GENOCIDE and you type in your zip code, and you don't even have to know who your congressperson is. And the students and the others who are part of this incredibly energized base are there to answer that, and there's always something to do. Now, what this movement has done is it has extracted from the Bush administration from the United States, at a time of massive over-stretch -- military, financial, diplomatic -- a whole series of commitments to Darfur that no other country in the world is making. I think there are a couple -- there are many reasons -- but a couple just to focus on briefly. So this movement, if it's to be durable and global, will have to cross borders, and you will have to see other citizens in democracies, not simply resting on the assumption that their government would do something in the face of genocide, but actually making it such. What do you do? If we think about dignity in our conduct as citizens and as individuals with relation to the people around us, and as a country, if we could inject a regard for dignity into our dealings with other countries, it would be something of a revolution. And the lesson, I think, of the anti-genocide movement that I mentioned, that is a partial success but by no means has it achieved what it has set out to do -- it'll be many decades, probably, before that happens -- but is that if we want to see change, we have to become the change.","john avlon: if we want to end genocide, we have to make it such. avlon: if we want to see change, we have to become the change. avlon: if we want to see change, we have to become the change.","Would you negotiate with someone you knew to be evil, to save lives? Samantha Power tells a story of a complicated hero, Sergio Vieira de Mello. This UN diplomat walked a thin moral line, negotiating with the world's worst dictators to help their people survive crisis. It's a compelling story told with a fiery passion."
328,"In about two minutes, it had reached the level of the railroad tracks and was coming over it. We don't think another wave is coming right away. In the world of blogs, there's going to be before the tsunami and after the tsunami, because one of the things that happened in the wake of the tsunami was that, although initially -- that is, in that first day -- there was actually a kind of dearth of live reporting, there was a dearth of live video and some people complained about this. What became very clear was that, within a few days, the outpouring of information was immense, and we got a complete and powerful picture of what had happened in a way that we never had been able to get before. And what you had was a group of essentially unorganized, unconnected writers, video bloggers, etc., who were able to come up with a collective portrait of a disaster that gave us a much better sense of what it was like to actually be there than the mainstream media could give us. You know, if you think about something like Google, which essentially is relying on the collective intelligence of the Web to seek out those sites that have the most valuable information -- we know that Google does an exceptionally good job of doing that, and it does that because, collectively, this disorganized thing we call the ""World Wide Web"" actually has a remarkable order, or a remarkable intelligence in it. But what the blogosphere offers is the possibility of getting at the kind of collective, distributive intelligence that is out there, and that we know is available to us if we can just figure out a way of accessing it. It is very easy to think that networks are necessarily good things -- that being linked from one place to another, that being tightly linked in a group, is a very good thing. So, one of the phenomena that's very clear in the blogosphere is that once a meme, once an idea gets going, it is very easy for people to just sort of pile on, because other people have, say, a link. Now, I want to connect this back, though, to the tsunami, because one of the great things about the tsunami -- in terms of the blogosphere's coverage, not in terms of the tsunami itself -- is that it really did represent a genuine bottom-up phenomenon.",bob greene: the blogosphere gave us a powerful picture of what happened in the tsunami. he says it's easy to think that networks are necessarily good things. he says the tsunami was a genuine bottom-up phenomenon. greene: the blogosphere is a great way to get at distributive intelligence.,"James Surowiecki pinpoints the moment when social media became an equal player in the world of news-gathering: the 2005 tsunami, when YouTube video, blogs, IMs and txts carried the news -- and preserved moving personal stories from the tragedy."
329,"Don’t know what they do with that, but they have one. So the way they work is, you know, you just put your finger in the thing, pull them back, and off you go. I think I’m going to take these off now, because I can’t see a damn thing when I’ve -- all right, OK. That’s what it is, isn’t it? I want you to do as many of them as you can, in the minute that I’m just about to give you. So that ability just to go for it and explore lots of things, even if they don’t seem that different from each other, is actually something that kids do well, and it is a form of play. For those of you around in the '60s, you probably know it well. As a result, we’d all feel perfectly secure and have a good time -- but because we all understood the rules and we agreed on them together. It’s not an either/or; it’s an ""and."" And there are a series of behaviors that we’ve learnt as kids, and that turn out to be quite useful to us as designers.","kids do well to explore lots of things, even if they don't seem that different from each other. ""it's not an either/or; it's an ""and"" and kids learn a series of behaviors. ""it's not an either/or; it's an ""and""","At the 2008 Serious Play conference, designer Tim Brown talks about the powerful relationship between creative thinking and play -- with many examples you can try at home (and one that maybe you shouldn't)."
330,"First of all, I have to say I'm not from around here. It's called ""Tidying Up Art"" and it's, as you can see, it's more or less a picture book. But since I'm here at TED, I decided to hold my talk here in a more modern way, in the spirit of TED here, and I managed to do some slides here for you. One can see here quite clearly, you can see we have 25 pale green elements, of which one is in the form of a circle. So I'm -- (Laughter) Actually, I mean, here we have some artists that are a bit more structured. (Laughter) OK, I mean, I can see there are always people that like reacting that one or another picture hasn't been properly tidied up. This is a picture by Rene Magritte, and I'd like you all to inwardly -- like in your head, that is -- to tidy that up. So it's possible that some of you would make it like this. (Laughter) But yeah, and it's great, you can even go, you know -- Or we have this pointillist movement for those of you who are into art. (Laughter) But before leaving I would like to show you, I'm working right now on another -- in a related field with my tidying up art method.","""tidying up art"" is a new method for tidying up art. it's called ""tidying up art"" and it's more or less a picture book. it's more or less a picture book, but it's more or less a modern way.","Ursus Wehrli shares his vision for a cleaner, more organized, tidier form of art -- by deconstructing the paintings of modern masters into their component pieces, sorted by color and size."
331,"And so I'd make the car stop, and I'd get out of the car and walk and see that, in fact, there wasn't a hole, but it was a trick of my eye; it was a shadow, you know. (Laughter) So I don't really know that, I don't really -- actually, I do my own kind of research, you know? So that's what I do. I want to show you this clip, because I do this kind of crazy thing where I do a cabaret act. And at least, you know, in my case, because if I just do one thing all the time, I don't know, I get very, very bored. And you know, I don't say that I do everything well. I just say that I do a lot of things, that's all. I don't know what I think of myself as, so ... That's just that. Too much time on computer bridge, which is, you know, like, that's -- So, somehow, like, about 10 years ago, I thought that the most unboring place in the world would be, like, a TV studio, like for a day show, some kind of day talk show, because it's all of these things that I love kind of in one place. Again, I don't say it's good, I just think it's not boring, right?","bob greene: if i just do one thing all the time, I don't know, I get very, very bored. greene: if i just do one thing all the time, I don't know, I get very, very bored. greene: if i just do one thing all the time, I don't know, I get very, very bored.","Fashion designer Isaac Mizrahi spins through a dizzying array of inspirations -- from '50s pinups to a fleeting glimpse of a woman on the street who makes him shout ""Stop the cab!"" Inside this rambling talk are real clues to living a happy, creative life."
332,"So that this is possible to do this is not deniable. And I would say that we can't give up the rule of law to fight an asymmetric threat, which is what we seem to be doing because of the present, the people that are in power, because that's to give up the thing that makes civilization. We can know what the computers are going to be like in 2020. They all need clean water, they need energy, they need transportation, and we want them to develop in a green way. And we need them, you know. We need new kinds of vaccines. We need -- we don't know where this thing is going. And finally, I think we have to do something that's not really -- it's almost unacceptable to say this -- which, we have to begin to design the future. But above all, what we have to do is we have to help the good guys, the people on the defensive side, have an advantage over the people who want to abuse things. And what we have to do to do that is we have to limit access to certain information.","jeffrey toobin: we can't give up the rule of law to fight an asymmetric threat. toobin: we can't give up the thing that makes civilization asymmetric. toobin: we have to limit access to certain information. toobin: we have to help the good guys, the people on the defensive side, have an advantage.","Technologist and futurist Bill Joy talks about several big worries for humanity -- and several big hopes in the fields of health, education and future tech."
333,"Great creativity. And great creativity is needed to do what it does so well: to provoke us to think differently with dramatic creative statements. Narrator: And so he walked, and as he walked he saw things. She spread one leg, and then the other. Gusty entered her boldly and made love to her rhythmically while she filmed him, because she was a keen amateur pornographer. And all because he decided to walk that day. (Applause) Andy Hobsbawm: We've got the science, we've had the debate. The moral imperative is on the table. Great creativity is needed to take it all, make it simple and sharp. To make it make people want to act.","great creativity is needed to provoke us to think differently with dramatic statements. the moral imperative is on the table. great creativity is needed to take it all, make it simple and sharp.",Andy Hobsbawm shares a fresh ad campaign about going green -- and some of the fringe benefits.
334,"The fact is, when we do our market research around the world, we see there's a nearly universal aspiration on the part of people to own an automobile -- 750 million people in the world today own a car. We really have to ask the question: Can the world sustain that number of automobiles? A lot of hydrogen is produced today in the world. What we've targeted for ourselves -- and we're making great progress toward this goal -- is to have a propulsion system based on hydrogen and fuel cells, designed and validated, that can go head-to-head with the internal combustion engine. Now, if you take the power-generating capability of an automobile and you compare that to the electric grid in the United States, it turns out that the power in four percent of the automobiles equals that of the electric grid of the US. Talk about the ultimate swarm -- having all of the processors and all of the cars when they're sitting idle being part of a global grid for computing capability. And the key to all of this is to make it affordable, to make it exciting, to get it on a pathway where there's a way to make money doing it. I just want to ask one. Are you serious about it, and not just, you know, when the consumers want it, when the regulators force us to do it, we will go there? And we want to be the first one to create it, Chris.",750 million people in the world today own a car. we want to have a propulsion system that can go head-to-head with the internal combustion engine. the power in four percent of the automobiles equals that of the electric grid of the us.,"General Motors veep Larry Burns previews cool next-gen car design: sleek, customizable (and computer-enhanced) vehicles that run clean on hydrogen -- and pump energy back into the electrical grid when they're idle."
335,"As funny as it sounds, articulating it now and reading about it -- actually, if we had talked about it before this controversy, I would have said, ""That's kind of true."" You know, foie gras by definition, force feeding, it's gavage, and that's what you get when you want foie gras. (Laughter) And when I was speaking to him, you know, I thought, like I'm speaking to you now, right, but sort of in the middle of my questions, my excited questions, because the more I got to know him and his system, the more exciting this whole idea became. Not for the bush, but for the seeds. (Laughter) So I'm listening to all this, you know, and I'm like, is this guy for real? I said ""Isn't that what they're put on this Earth for? And I say to you, I might not stick to this, but I don't think I'll ever serve foie gras on my menu again because of that taste experience with Eduardo. (Laughter) And he was right. He was right. And what he showed me and what he can show all of us, I think, is that the great thing for chefs, the great blessing for chefs, and for people that care about food and cooking, is that the most ecological choice for food is also the most ethical choice for food.","john avlon: the most ecological choice for food is also the most ethical choice for food. avlon: if we had talked about foie gras before, we would have said, ""that's kind of true"" he says he showed us that the most ecological choice for food is also the most ethical choice for food. avlon: if you're a chef, you're a chef, and you're a chef, you're a","At the Taste3 conference, chef Dan Barber tells the story of a small farm in Spain that has found a humane way to produce foie gras. Raising his geese in a natural environment, farmer Eduardo Sousa embodies the kind of food production Barber believes in."
336,"And although we know that the land animals I'm going to talk about are just the scum of the Earth on the land -- the little bits of land floating around -- but they are important to us because they're sort of in our scale of experience from millimeters to meters. And so my work, really, is trying to understand the character of that Mesozoic radiation compared to the Cenozoic radiation to see what mysteries we can understand from dinosaurs and from other animals about what life on drifting continents really can tell us about evolution. Yes, they do have larger body size, but many of them are smaller, but we're interested in the time it took them to achieve that. We now know this transition is the one time that dinosaurs actually went below that body size -- we're going to see where they began in a minute -- and it is the one time that they rapidly invaded all the habitats I just told you that dinosaurs weren't in. I thought if I'm going to understand dinosaur evolution, I'd have to go back to those beds where they had picked up fragments, go back to a time and a place where the earliest dinosaurs existed. Today I'm going to spend the rest of my few minutes up here talking about the other stuff that I do in Chicago, which is related to the fact that I never -- and actually, in talking to a lot of TEDsters, there's a number of you out there -- I don't know that I'd get an answer honestly, if I asked you to raise your hand, but there are a number of you out there that started your scientific, technical, entertainment career as failures, by society's standards, as failures by schools. I was one of those. It takes us years to understand how to do that with dinosaurs. What about all the kids like me that were in school -- kids like some of you out there -- that were in school and didn't get a chance and will never get a chance to participate in science and technology? And so, that's what we're going to do.","john avlon: dinosaurs have larger body size, but many of them are smaller. avlon: it's the one time that dinosaurs went below that body size. avlon: we're going to see where they began in a minute. avlon: we're going to try to understand what life on drifting continents really can tell us.","Strange landscapes, scorching heat and (sometimes) mad crocodiles await scientists seeking clues to evolution's genius. Paleontologist Paul Sereno talks about his surprising encounters with prehistory -- and a new way to help students join the adventure."
337,"And, Chris, if I could have you up here? OK. And maybe about here, about 30 feet, is the diameter of a big Redwood. That is to say, at that time it was believed that there was nothing up there except the branches of Redwood trees. There they are. And then it bursts into a forest of Redwoods. But as you go and you look closer at a tree, what you see is, you see increasing complexity. One of the things that is just -- I almost can't conceive it -- is the idea that the national news media hasn't picked this up at all, and this is the devastation of one of the most important ecosystems in North America. But we're different from trees, and they can also teach us something about ourselves in the differences that we have. (Applause) Chris Anderson: I think at a previous TED, I think it was Nathan Myhrvold who told me that it was thought that because these trees are like, 2,000 years and older, on many of them there are ecosystems where there are species that are not found anywhere on the Earth except on that one tree. RP: It is fragile, and you know, I think about emerging human diseases -- parasites that move into the human species.","at one time it was believed there was nothing up there except branches of redwood trees. but as you look closer at a tree, what you see is, you see increasing complexity. one of the things that is just -- I almost can't conceive it -- is the national news media hasn't picked this up.","Science writer Richard Preston talks about some of the most enormous living beings on the planet, the giant trees of the US Pacific Northwest. Growing from a tiny seed, they support vast ecosystems -- and are still, largely, a mystery."
338,"(Laughter) Now, chances are that over the last winter, if you had been a beehive, either you or one of the two people you just nodded at would have died. And what we know is that it's as if the bees have caught a flu. And you can do that one year in a row, you may be able to do it two years in a row. And so, in fact, if you know you have these kleptoparasitic bees, you know that your environment is healthy, because they're top-of-the-food-chain bees. And in fact, if you guys live on the West Coast, go to these websites here, and they're really looking for people to look for some of these bumblebees, because we think some have gone extinct. And so it's not just honeybees that are in trouble, but we don't understand these native pollinators or all those other parts of our community. I think that there is perhaps some advantage to keeping lawns at a limited scale, and I think we're encouraged to do that. Add to watch the different plants, or insects, that come to these flowers, to watch that -- and we've heard about, you know, this relationship you can have with wine, this companion you can have as it matures and as it has these different fragrances. Now, not all of us have meadows, or lawns that we can convert, and so you can always, of course, grow a meadow in a pot. But you can also have this great community of city or building-top beekeepers, these beekeepers that live -- This is in Paris where these beekeepers live.","it's as if the bees have caught a flu, and you can do that one year in a row. if you know you have kleptoparasitic bees, you know that your environment is healthy. there is perhaps some advantage to keeping lawns at a limited scale.","Bees are dying in droves. Why? Leading apiarist Dennis vanEngelsdorp looks at the gentle, misunderstood creature's important place in nature and the mystery behind its alarming disappearance."
339,"And so for me, I know that when the Internet came around and I was doing computer programming and just, you know, just generally trying to run my own little company and figure out what to do with the Internet and with computers, I was just immediately struck by how the ultimate thing that you would really want to do with the Internet and with computers would be to use the Internet and connected computers to simulate a world to sort of recreate the laws of physics and the rules of how things went together -- the sort of -- the idea of atoms and how to make things, and do that inside a computer so that we could all get in there and make stuff. And in fact, it's going to be so different than what we see here on earth that anything is going to be possible. You know, to give you a size idea about scale, you know, comparing space to Second Life, most people don't realize, kind of -- and then this is just like the Internet in the early '90s. I'd say I kind of think about the world as being information. That's one way of organizing information, but there are two things about the way you access information in a virtual world that I think are the important ways that they're very different and much better than what we've been able to do to date with the Web. When you're on Amazon.com and you're looking for digital cameras or whatever, you're on there right now, when you're on the site, with like 5,000 other people, but you can't talk to them. And so I think, again, that it's likely that in the next decade or so these virtual worlds are going to be the most common way as human beings that we kind of use the electronics of the Internet, if you will, to be together, to consume information. You have to have that level of freedom, and so I'm often asked that, you know, is there a, kind of, utopian or, is there a utopian tendency to Second Life and things like it, that you would create a world that has a grand scheme to it? And what was so amazing right from the start was that the idea that we had put out in the zoning concept, basically, was instantly and thoroughly ignored, and like, two months into the whole thing, -- which is really a small amount of time, even in Second Life time -- I remember the users, the people who were then using Second Life, the residents came to me and said, we want to buy the disco -- because I had built it -- we want to buy that land and raze it and put houses on it. So, that's it.","in the next decade or so, virtual worlds are going to be the most common way to consume information. virtual worlds are going to be the most common way as human beings that we use the electronics of the Internet. the idea that we had put out in the zoning concept was instantly and thoroughly ignored.","Why build a virtual world? Philip Rosedale talks about the virtual society he founded, Second Life, and its underpinnings in human creativity. It's a place so different that anything could happen."
340,"Just a few of them, but maybe you'll get just a little hint of some of these folks. It was hard on the cats, but it made a great little instrument. You think you can have anything you want. But that day in the cotton field out there picking, when those people started singing, I realized I was in the very heart of real music, and that's where I've wanted to be ever since. I didn't know it was going to make you fall in love with music though."" And it was the only instrument that, of all the ones that I play, that would really make that connection. (Applause) Oh, I think I've got time to tell you about this. This was 1957, I was a little 10-year-old kid; I didn't know what that was. So we went over into Michael's garage -- his dad had all kinds of stuff, and we put a pipe in the vice there, and screwed a cap on the end of the pipe, drilled a hole in the back of the pipe, took some of our firecrackers, pulled out the fuses, tied them together, put them in the back there, and -- down in that hole -- and then stuffed some of our gunpowder down that pipe and put three ball bearings on the top, in the garage. (Laughter) So we made them a big batch, and it was in my -- now, we'd just moved here.","""i didn't know it was going to make you fall in love with music though,"" he says. he was a little 10-year-old kid; he didn't know what that was. in 1957, he made a big batch of gunpowder firecrackers.","Folk musician and storyteller David Holt plays the banjo and shares photographs and old wisdom from the Appalachian Mountains. He also demonstrates some unusual instruments like the mouth bow -- and a surprising electric drum kit he calls ""thunderwear."""
341,"And what I want to talk to you about today is what that gift is, and I also want to explain to you why it is that it hasn't made a damn bit of difference. Here's an example: if I were to tell you, let's play a little coin toss game, and I'm going to flip a coin, and if it comes up heads, I'm going to pay you 10 dollars, but you have to pay four dollars for the privilege of playing with me, most of you would say, sure, I'll take that bet. Because you know that the odds of you winning are one half, the gain if you do is 10 dollars, that multiplies to five, and that's more than I'm charging you to play. The reason is, this isn't how people do odds. The expected value of this lottery is two dollars; this is a lottery in which you should invest your money. Most of you have the intuition that it's not -- you wouldn't pay that for it. And I'm going to show you one or two of them. Now, you can see, this is the problem of shifting comparisons, because what you're doing is, you're comparing the 100 bucks to the purchase that you're making, but when you go to spend that money you won't be making that comparison. What is it? That's what you think it is.","the odds of you winning are one half, the gain if you do is 10 dollars. the expected value of this lottery is two dollars; this is a lottery in which you should invest your money. most of you have the intuition that it's not -- you wouldn't pay that for it.",Dan Gilbert presents research and data from his exploration of happiness -- sharing some surprising tests and experiments that you can also try on yourself. Watch through to the end for a sparkling Q&A with some familiar TED faces.
342,"And so, in my life, you know, I was in the tofu;    it was a family business. And when I was making icons, I was, like,    the icon master, and I was, like, yeah, I'm really good at this, you know. So, I was published, you know,    so, wow, my design's in a book, you know? And so I began to sort of mess with the computer at the time. And this is in 1993. And so, for three years he was out, and he could only blink,    and so I realized at this moment, I thought, wow --   how fragile is this thing we're wearing,    this body and mind we're wearing,    and so I thought, How do you go for it more? So, if you can see here, you know,    that program you're seeing in the corner, if you spread it out, it's all these things all at once. And also, at the same time I was frustrated,    because I would go to all these art and design schools everywhere,    and there were these, like, ""the computer lab,"" you know,    and this is, like, in the late 1990s,    and this is in Basel,  a great graphic design school. They're paintings I made and put a PalmPilot in the middle    as a kind of display that's sort of thinking,    I'm abstract art. However, recently this RISD opportunity kind of arose --   going to RISD -- and I couldn't reconcile this real easy,   because the letters had told me, MIT forever.","the icon master was published in 1993, and he couldn't blink for three years. at the same time, he was frustrated because he would go to all these art and design schools. recently, he went to RISD, and he couldn't reconcile this real easy.","Designer John Maeda talks about his path from a Seattle tofu factory to the Rhode Island School of Design, where he became president in 2008. Maeda, a tireless experimenter and a witty observer, explores the crucial moment when design met computers."
343,"I think they wanted to believe that the most expensive bottle of wine in the world must be the best bottle of wine in the world, must be the rarest bottle of wine in the world. And then I was left with these little ugly flakes on my pasta that, you know, their purpose had been served, and so I'm afraid to say that this was also a disappointment to me. These ones GQ did spring for -- I own these -- but I will tell you,    not only did I not get a compliment from any of you, I have not gotten a compliment from anybody   in the months that I have owned and worn these. (Laughter) There is now a toilet that has an MP3 player in it. (Laughter) To try this one, the maker of it let me and my wife spend the night in the Manhattan showroom. And I had no idea that I was one of those obnoxious people you occasionally see weaving in and out of traffic, because it was just that smooth. There was one object that I could not get my hands on, and that was the 1947 Cheval Blanc. What there is of it left you don't know if it's real -- it's considered to be the most faked wine in the world. And then I tasted it, and it, you know, had this kind of unctuous, porty richness, which is characteristic of that wine -- that it sort of resembles port in a lot of ways. And it wasn't just to that wine.",the 1947 Cheval Blanc is considered to be the most faked wine in the world. it's considered to be the most expensive bottle of wine in the world. it's considered to be the most faked wine in the world.,"Can happiness be bought? To find out, author Benjamin Wallace sampled the world's most expensive products, including a bottle of 1947 Chateau Cheval Blanc, 8 ounces of Kobe beef and the fabled (notorious) Kopi Luwak coffee. His critique may surprise you."
344,"If you look at this picture, what you will see is a lot of dark with some light objects in it. And you'll see, first, the structure of the survey, and then you'll start seeing the structure of the galaxies that we see out there. How are you going to put galaxies out there in a pattern like that? So I'm going to show you the results of a very large-scale simulation of what we think the universe might be like, using, essentially, some of the play principles and some of the design principles that, you know, humans have labored so hard to pick up, but apparently nature knew how to do at the beginning. We're going to zoom in, but this is a plot of what it is. Now we're going to zoom back out, and you can see this structure that, when we get very far out, looks very regular, but it's made up of a lot of irregular variations. It's only when you look at it at a very large scale, and explore it and so forth, you realize it's a very intricate, complicated kind of a design, right? And so here we are. So there it is. So we're just seeing as large a scale structure as we can see, and then only things that have started forming already are going to form, and then from then on it's going to go on.","we're going to zoom in, but this is a plot of what it is. we're going to zoom back out, and you can see this structure at a very large scale. it's only when you look at it at a very large scale, and explore it and so forth.","At Serious Play 2008, astrophysicist George Smoot shows stunning new images from deep-space surveys, and prods us to ponder how the cosmos -- with its giant webs of dark matter and mysterious gaping voids -- got built this way."
345,"And so, if you'll put up with this, I would like to enlist your help with a first experiment today. I would like to see if this audience would -- no, you haven't practiced, as far as I know -- can you get it together to clap in sync? Now, to get into that, let me begin with what might have occurred to you immediately when you hear that we're talking about synchrony in nature, which is the glorious example of birds that flock together, or fish swimming in organized schools. Okay, well, the issue then is, do we need to be alive to see this kind of spontaneous order, and I've already hinted that the answer is no. So here it is. Let's see if we can get this to work. So they built the blade of light, and it's a very thin ribbon of steel, the world's -- probably the flattest and thinnest suspension bridge there is, with cables that are out on the side. Interviewer: So just show me how you walk normally. And then show me what it was like when the bridge started to go. But also, after you see the bridge on opening day, you'll see an interesting clip of work done by a bridge engineer at Cambridge named Allan McRobie, who figured out what happened on the bridge, and who built a bridge simulator to explain exactly what the problem was.","the blade of light is the world's thinnest suspension bridge. it's a very thin ribbon of steel, with cables that are out on the side. engineers built a bridge simulator to explain exactly what the problem was.","Mathematician Steven Strogatz shows how flocks of creatures (like birds, fireflies and fish) manage to synchronize and act as a unit -- when no one's giving orders. The powerful tendency extends into the realm of objects, too."
346,"Unless we do something to prevent it, over the next 40 years we’re facing an epidemic of neurologic diseases on a global scale. And this is why that’s not entirely a good thing: because over the age of 65, your risk of getting Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease will increase exponentially. By 2050, there’ll be about 32 million people in the United States over the age of 80, and unless we do something about it, half of them will have Alzheimer’s disease and three million more will have Parkinson’s disease. Interestingly enough, other neurologic diseases which affect very different parts of the brain also show tangles of misfolded protein, which suggests that the approach might be a general one, and might be used to cure many neurologic diseases, not just Alzheimer’s disease. Most of the important and all of the creative work in this area is being funded by private philanthropies. As far as protecting yourself against Alzheimer’s disease, well, it turns out that fish oil has the effect of reducing your risk for Alzheimer’s disease. It’s also the biggest risk factor for glaucoma, which is just Alzheimer’s disease of the eye. And of course, when it comes to cognitive effects, ""use it or lose it"" applies, so you want to stay mentally stimulated. But hey, you’re listening to me. Thank you.",fish oil has the effect of reducing your risk for Alzheimer’s disease. fish oil is also the biggest risk factor for glaucoma.,"Biochemist Gregory Petsko makes a convincing argument that, in the next 50 years, we'll see an epidemic of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's, as the world population ages. His solution: more research into the brain and its functions."
347,"-- they will not say children at first. (Video): We're traveling today with the Minister of Defense of Colombia, head of the army and the head of the police, and we're dropping off 650 laptops today to children who have no television, no telephone and have been in a community cut off from the rest of the world for the past 40 years. There are one billion children in the world, and 50 percent of them don't have electricity at home or at school. It's the Minister of Defense with whom we're working, not the Minister of Education, because it is seen as a strategic defense issue in the sense of liberating these zones that had been completely closed off, in which the people who had been causing, if you will, 40 years' worth of bombings and kidnappings and assassinations lived. They own the laptops. And so when I met with three children from the schools, who had traveled all day to come to Bogota, one of the three children brought her mother. And then, just think -- they can have, let's say, 100 books. You and I didn't have 10,000 books when we went to primary school. And by being a zero-dollar laptop, we can go to countries that can't afford it at all. And think of the laptop as a vaccine.","there are one billion children in the world, and 50 percent of them don't have electricity. 50 percent of them don't have electricity at home or at school. laptops can go to countries that can't afford it at all.","TED follows Nicholas Negroponte to Colombia as he delivers laptops inside territory once controlled by guerrillas. His partner? Colombia's Defense Department, who see One Laptop per Child as an investment in the region. (And you too can get involved.)"
348,"And when the printing press was invented what they found was they could print indulgences, which was the equivalent of printing money. We’re going to have some tomorrow. You’re going to find out why in a minute, because when I went to see Eileen, this is what I said I wanted to build. This is the Library of Human Imagination. You can see exactly how many of these types of items would fit in a room. (Laughter) So you can see here in the lower level of the library the books and the objects. So hopefully tomorrow I’ll show one or two more objects from the stage, but for today I just wanted to say thank you for all the people that came and talked to us about it. And that’s really what discovery and imagination is all about. You see, this is a human brain model, OK? All of imagination -- everything that we think, we feel, we sense -- comes through the human brain.","when the printing press was invented what they found was they could print indulgences. all of imagination -- everything that we think, we feel, we sense -- comes through the human brain.","Jay Walker, curator of the Library of Human Imagination, conducts a surprising show-and-tell session highlighting a few of the intriguing artifacts that backdropped the 2008 TED stage."
349,"Which, of course, I am not agreeing with because,  although I am 94, I am not still working. I want to show you my work so you know what I am doing and why I am here. (Applause) These were just some of the things I've made. The word, ""playful"" is a necessary aspect of our work because, actually, one of our problems is that we have to make, produce, lovely things throughout all of life, and this for me is now 75 years. This is not that they took me -- the work didn't take me -- I made the things particularly because I wanted to use them to see the world. The guild system: that means when I was an apprentice, I had to apprentice myself in order to become a pottery master. Then I first took this job in Hamburg, at an art pottery where everything was done on the wheel, and so I worked in a shop where there were several potters. The first day I came to work in this shop there was on my wheel a surprise for me. (Laughter) (Applause) So I will try speed it up a little (Laughter) Moderator: Eva, we have about five minutes. And if this is the end of my five minutes, I want to tell you that I actually did survive, which was a surprise.","bob greene: although 94, he is not still working, he wants to show you his work. he says the first day he came to work in a shop there was a surprise for him. greene: if this is the end of my five minutes, i want to tell you that I actually did survive.","The ceramics designer Eva Zeisel looks back on a 75-year career. What keeps her work as fresh today (her latest line debuted in 2008) as in 1926? Her sense of play and beauty, and her drive for adventure. Listen for stories from a rich, colorful life."
350,"And that is a wonderful stepping away in perspective, to try to then think about the way our planet behaves, as a planet, and with the life that's on it. So, what about life on Mars? And so where there is water, there is a very high chance of our kind of life. How do you know it when you find it? But the real issue is that we are guided by our limited experience, and until we can think out of the box of our cranium and what we know, then we can't recognize what to look for, or how to plan for it. And every time they do that, they get a tiny little packet of energy. These organisms we now bring into the lab, and you can see some of them growing on Petri plates, and get them to reproduce the precise biominerals that we find on the walls of these caves. And the future is there for us to use these lava-tube caves on Mars. The question as to whether there is life on Mars that is related to life on Earth has now been very muddied, because we now know, from Mars meteorites that have made it to Earth, that there's material that can be exchanged between those two planets. One of the burning questions, of course, is if we go there and find life in the sub-surface, as I fully expect that we will, is that a second genesis of life?","john avlon: we are guided by our limited experience. avlon: until we can think out of the box, we can't recognize what to look for. he says the future is there for us to use lava-tube caves on Mars. avlon: if we go there and find life in the sub-surface, is that a second genesis of life?","So the Mars Rovers didn't scoop up any alien lifeforms. Scientist Penelope Boston thinks there's a good chance -- a 25 to 50 percent chance, in fact -- that life might exist on Mars, deep inside the planet's caves. She details how we should look and why."
351,"(Laughter) [What is this?] [It's a fortune!] So where are they from? I showed them the pictures of General Tso Chicken, and they were like, ""We don't know this dish. Is this Chinese food?"" So, you know, I realized when I was there, General Tso is kind of a lot like Colonel Sanders in America, in that he's known for chicken and not war. And the way he tells it, there was a famous Chinese diplomat that showed up, and he was told to make a dish that looked very popular and could, quote, ""pass"" as Chinese. There is Italian Chinese food, where they don't have fortune cookies, so they serve fried gelato. I went across the country, looking for these restaurants where these people had gotten their fortune cookies from. The trick was, they were able to remove the chicken from the bone in a cost-efficient manner, which is why it took so long for people to copy them -- 10 years, then within a couple months, it was such a hit, they introduced it across the entire McDonald's system in the country.","general Tso chicken is a lot like Colonel Sanders in that he's known for chicken. there is Italian Chinese food, where they don't have fortune cookies. within a couple months, it was such a hit, they introduced it across the entire McDonald's system.",Reporter Jennifer 8. Lee talks about her hunt for the origins of familiar Chinese-American dishes -- exploring the hidden spots where these two cultures have (so tastily) combined to form a new cuisine.
352,"(Laughter) Which was -- back then it was sort of, you know, well, you know -- if you made this thing -- he made this little device, like kind of like a bicycle pump in reverse that could suck all the air out of -- you know what a bell jar is? And, I mean -- this kind of stuff, you know, all this stuff came from that separation of this little sort of thing that we do -- now I, when I was a boy was born sort of with this idea that if you want to know something -- you know, maybe it's because my old man was gone a lot, and my mother didn't really know much science, but I thought if you want to know something about stuff, you do it -- you make an experiment, you know. (Laughter) You sort of -- now you say, well, let's see if I can get hold of some potassium chlorate and sugar, perchlorate and sugar, and heat it; it would be interesting to see what it is they don't want me to do, and what it is going to -- and how is it going to work. And like -- (Laughter) But then it wasn't -- they didn't have any, but the guy had -- I said, what kind of salts of potassium do you have? I hadn't heard about the 10 ways that we should be afraid of the -- By the way, I could have thought, I'd better not do this because they say not to, you know. But in the actual process, you get an idea -- like, when I got the idea one night that I could amplify DNA with two oligonucleotides, and I could make lots of copies of some little piece of DNA, you know, the thinking for that was about 20 minutes while I was driving my car, and then instead of going -- I went back and I did talk to people about it, but if I'd listened to what I heard from all my friends who were molecular biologists -- I would have abandoned it. I mean, it's all -- you've got to be very honest with what you're doing if it really is going to work. Now, people like things that have, like, names like that, that they can envision it, right? You know, if they said, you know what? And there's a lot of things like global warming, and ozone hole and you know, a whole bunch of scientific public issues, that if you're interested in them, then you have to get down the details, and read the papers called, ""Large Decadal Variability in the..."" You have to figure out what all those words mean.",molecular biologists say they've got to be very honest with what they're doing. they say they've got to be very honest with what they're doing if it really is going to work. they say they've got to be very honest with what they're doing if it really is going to work.,"Biochemist Kary Mullis talks about the basis of modern science: the experiment. Sharing tales from the 17th century and from his own backyard-rocketry days, Mullis celebrates the curiosity, inspiration and rigor of good science in all its forms."
353,"And this speed, combined with today's high-performance micro-controllers, allows us to actually simulate, in this piece, over 17,000 LEDs -- using just 64. And so you could see that as this disc rotates about this axis, it will create a disc of light that we can control. But what is new is that, when we rotate this disc about this axis, this disc of light actually becomes a sphere of light. And so we can control that with micro-controllers and create a fully volumetric, three-dimensional display with just 256 LEDs. Now this piece is currently in process -- due out in May -- but what we've done is we've put together a small demo, just to show the geometric translation of points into a sphere. I've got a little video to show you, but keep in mind that this is with no electronic control, and this is also with only four LEDs. This is actually only about 1.5 percent of what the final display will be in May. And here you can see it's rotating about the vertical axis only, creating circles. It'll be on display at the Interactive Telecommunications Spring Show in Greenwich Village in New York City -- that's open to the public, definitely invite you all to come and attend -- it's a fantastic show. This piece, actually, will be on display down in the Sierra Simulcast Lounge in the breaks between now and the end of the show.","micro-controllers can create a fully volumetric, three-dimensional display with just 256 LEDs. this is only about 1.5 percent of what the final display will be in may. it will be on display at the Interactive Telecommunications Spring Show in new york city.","Inventor Nick Sears demos the first generation of the Orb, a rotating persistence-of-vision display that creates glowing 3D images. A short, cool tale of invention."
354,"Till a couple months later, I went back to the same airport -- same plane, I think -- and looked up, and it said C. (Laughter) It was only then that I realized it was simply a gate that I was coming into. You know, you get the message. That was it. I was, O.K. And I thought, you know, what were they thinking? And it was interesting to me -- my background is in sociology; I had no design training, and sometimes people say, well, that explains it -- but it was a very interesting experiment because there's no product that I had to sell; it was simply the image of Microsoft they were trying to improve. But anyway, this is one of the ads I was most pleased with, because they were all elaborately art-directed, and this one I thought actually felt like the girl was looking at the computer. And -- I gave a talk in New York a couple months after this, and afterwards somebody came up to me and they said that -- they actually emailed me -- and they said that they appreciated the talk, and when they got back to their car, they found a note on their car that made them think maybe New York was getting back to being New York again after this event -- it had been a few months. I'm not sure this is an improvement, or a good idea, because, like, if you don't spend quite enough time in front of your computer, you can now get a plate in the keyboard, so there's no more faking it -- that you don't really sit at your desk all day and eat and work anyway. And the best one I've heard -- I'm sure some of you have heard this -- the definition of a good job is: If you could afford to -- if money wasn't an issue -- would you be doing that same work?","bob greene: a few months ago, he saw an ad that looked like the girl was looking at the computer. he says it was a very interesting experiment because there's no product that he had to sell. greene: if money wasn't an issue, would you be doing that same work?",Great design is a never-ending journey of discovery -- for which it helps to pack a healthy sense of humor. Sociologist and surfer-turned-designer David Carson walks through a gorgeous (and often quite funny) slide deck of his work and found images.
355,"Dad wasn't a real militaristic kind of guy; he just felt bad that he wasn't able to fight in World War II on account of his handicap, although they did let him get through the several-hour-long army physical exam before they got to the very last test, which was for vision. Same thing: he understood the shape of the future, even though it was something that would only be implemented by people much later. I think these are the four principles that go into this. Also, another sense which comics' vision represents, and that's time. So I wrote a book about this in '93, but as I was finishing the book, I had to do a little bit of typesetting, and I was tired of going to my local copy shop to do it, so I bought a computer. The problem was that if you go with this basic idea that space equals time in comics, what happens is that when you introduce sound and motion, which are temporal phenomena that can only be represented through time, they break with that continuity of presentation. Each of them has a single unbroken reading line, whether it's going zigzag across the walls or spiraling up a column or just straight left to right, or even going in a backwards zigzag across those 88 accordion-folded pages, the same thing is happening; that is, that the basic idea that as you move through space you move through time, is being carried out without any compromise, but there were compromises when print hit. This was back in the late '90s, and other people in my business thought I was pretty crazy, but a lot of people then went on and actually did it. But even though we're only experiencing it one piece at a time, that's just where the technology is right now. See what's going on here as we draw these stories on an infinite canvas is you're creating a more pure expression of what this medium is all about.","bob greene: comics' vision is that space equals time. he says sound and motion are temporal phenomena that can only be represented through time. greene: we're only experiencing it one piece at a time, but that's just where the technology is.","In this unmissable look at the magic of comics, Scott McCloud bends the presentation format into a cartoon-like experience, where colorful diversions whiz through childhood fascinations and imagined futures that our eyes can hear and touch."
356,"And I used three criteria: the first was, I thought I'd talk about real design within reach, design that's free, not design not quite within reach, as we're fondly known by our competition and competitors, but stuff that you can find on the streets, stuff that was free, stuff that was available to all people, and stuff that probably contains some other important messages. And I had a bit of a wake-up call in Amsterdam: I was there going into the design stores, and mixing with our crowd of designers, and I recognized that a whole lot of stuff pretty much looked the same, and the effect of globalization has had that in our community also. I was walking around on the streets of Amsterdam and I recognized, you know, the big story from Amsterdam isn't what's in the design stores, it's what's out on the streets, and maybe it's self-explanatory, but a city that hasn't been taken over by modernism, that's preserved its kind of architecture and character, and where the bicycle plays an important part of the way in which people get around and where pedestrian rights are protected. I then kind of thought about the other cities in Europe where I spend a lot of time looking for design, like Basel, where Vitra is located, or in northern Italy -- all cities where there are a whole lot of bicycles, and where pedestrian areas -- and I came to the conclusion that perhaps there was something about these important design centers that dealt with bicycles and foot traffic, and I'm sure the skeptic eye would say, no, the correlation there is that there are universities and schools where people can't afford cars, but it did seem that in many of these areas pedestrian traffic was protected. And I realized that, you know, Italy is a place where they can accept these different ideologies and deal with diversity and not have the problem, or they can choose to ignore them, but these -- you don't have warring factions, and I think that maybe the tolerance of the absurdity which has made Italy so innovative   and so tolerant. And as I look at it, I sort of say, you know, the publications that report on problems in the urban area also contribute to it, and it's just my call to say to all of us, public policy won't change this at all; private industry has to work to take things like this seriously. Now, this is not going to impress you guys who Photoshop, and can do stuff,  but this was an actual moment when I got off my bike, and I looked and I thought, it's as if all of my biker brethren had kind of gotten together and conspired to make a little statement. And I do think pattern has the capability of eradicating some of the most evil forces of society, such as bad form in restaurants, but quite seriously, it was a statement to me that one thing that you do, sort of, see is the aggressive nature of the industrial world has produced -- kind of, large masses of things, and when you -- in monoculture, and I think the preservation of diversity in culture is something that's important to us. The U.S. is actually becoming a bit of a leader in kind of enlightened urban planning and renewal, and I want to single out a place like Chicago, where I look at some guy like Mayor Daley as a bit of a design hero for being able to work through the political processes and all that to improve an area. And it's a welcoming area, I think, inclusive of diversity, reflective of diversity, and I think this marriage of both technology and art in the public sector is an area where the U.S. can really take a leadership role, and Chicago is one example.","cnn's john sutter says he had a bit of a wake-up call in Amsterdam. he says the big story from Amsterdam isn't what's in the design stores, it's what's out on the streets. sutter: public policy won't change this at all.","Rob Forbes, the founder of Design Within Reach, shows a gallery of snapshots that inform his way of seeing the world. Charming juxtapositions, found art, urban patterns -- this slideshow will open your eyes to the world around you."
357,"So much has that happened that I've developed a fairly praticed response, which is: I point out that first of all, you have to understand that there is no such thing as an inauthentic experience. And now, with the experience economy, it's about rendering authenticity. And of course, if you are both true to yourself, and are what you say you are, then you're real real! All right, now, there is value for fake. (Laughter) Now, the other two sides of the coin are: being a real fake -- is what it says it is, but is not true to itself, or being a fake real: is true to itself, but not what it says it is. It is what it says it is: It's Universal Studio; it's in the city of Los Angeles; you're going to walk a lot. It's not what it says it is. When it comes to being what you say you are, the easiest mistake that companies make is that they advertise things that they are not. So, the number one thing to do when it comes to being what you say you are, is to provide places for people to experience who you are. But surround the brewing of that coffee with the ambiance of a Starbucks, with the authentic cedar that goes inside of there, and now, because of that authentic experience, you can charge two, three, four, five dollars for a cup of coffee.","bob greene says there is no such thing as an inauthentic experience. he says the experience economy is about rendering authenticity. greene: if you are both true to yourself, and are what you say you are, then you're real real.","Customers want to feel what they buy is authentic, but ""Mass Customization"" author Joseph Pine says selling authenticity is tough because, well, there's no such thing. He talks about a few experiences that may be artificial but make millions anyway."
358,"A genome is really a description for  all of the DNA that is in a living organism. In fact, many, many diseases we have struggled with for a long time, like cancer, we haven't been able to cure because we just don't understand how it works at the genomic level. So, up to this point we tried to fix it by using what I call shit-against-the-wall pharmacology, which means, well, let's just throw chemicals at it, and maybe it's going to make it work. And if you think about the computer industry and how we've gone from big computers to little ones and how they get more powerful and faster all the time, the same thing is happening with gene sequencing now: we are on the cusp of being able to sequence human genomes for about 5,000 dollars in about an hour or a half-hour; you will see that happen in the next five years. You will give your genome to the pharmacist, and your drug will be made for you and it will work much better than the ones that were -- you won't have side effects. If you saw the genome for a mouse or for a human it would look no different than this, but what scientists are doing now is they're understanding what these do and what they mean. So, what can we do with genomes now that we can read them, now that we're starting to have the book of life? Now, you have the genome and you say to yourself, So, if I plug this synthetic genome -- if I pull the old one out and plug it in -- does it just boot up and live? Well, you know, we really, we argue and debate about it -- we say it's climate, it's soil, it's this. I just ask the question, if you could cure all disease -- if you could make disease go away, because we understand how it actually works, if we could end hunger by being able to create nutritious, healthy plants that grow in very hard-to-grow environments, if we could create clean and plentiful energy -- we, right in the labs at Synthetic Genomics, have single-celled organisms that are taking carbon dioxide and producing a molecule very similar to gasoline.","gene sequencing is on the cusp of being able to sequence human genomes for about 5,000 dollars. john sutter: we are on the cusp of being able to sequence human genomes for about 5,000 dollars. sutter: if we could cure all disease, if we could make disease go away.","What is genomics? How will it affect our lives? In this intriguing primer on the genomics revolution, entrepreneur Barry Schuler says we can at least expect healthier, tastier food. He suggests we start with the pinot noir grape, to build better wines."
359,"Well, I'm really excited to talk a bit about my own upbringing in music and family and all of that, but I'm even more excited for you people to hear about Donnell's amazing family and maybe even a little bit about how we met, and all that sort of thing, but for those of you that may not be familiar with my upbringing, I'm from Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada, which is a very, very musical island, and its origins come from Scotland with the music and all the traditions, the dancing, the language, which unfortunately is dying out in Cape Breton. Well, cèilidh first of all is Gaelic for party, but kitchen party in Cape Breton is very common, and basically somebody drops into the house, and no matter what house you go to in Cape Breton, there's a fiddle there, guaranteed, and I'd say, well there's first of all more fiddlers per capita in Cape Breton than anywhere in the world, so ten chances to one, the fellow who walked in the door could play it, so you'd have someone come into the house, you'd invite them to play a tune, and lo and behold a little party would start up and somebody would dance, and somebody would sing, and all that sort of thing, so it was a wonderful, wonderful way to grow up, and that is where my beginnings in music come from: my surroundings, my family, just my bloodline in itself, and, oh, I've done lots of things with my music. I was nominated for a Grammy and I've won some awards and stuff like that, so that's awesome, but the best part was meeting my husband, and I've actually known Donnell for probably 12 years now, and I'm going to get into a little bit of, I guess, how music brought us together, but I'm going to introduce you right now to my new husband as of October 5, Donnell Leahy. Years ago, hundreds of men would go up for the winter to the camps in Northern Ontario and in Quebec, and they were all different cultures, and the Irish, the French, Scottish, German, they'd all meet, and of course at night, they'd play cards and step dance and play fiddles, and over the course of many years, the Ottawa Valley fiddling kind of evolved and the Ottawa Valley step dancing evolved, so that's, I kind of started out with that style and I quickly started doing my own thing, and then I met Natalie, and I was exposed to the great Cape Breton fiddling. Well, it's just so interesting that Donnell's upbringing was very similar to mine, and I actually saw Donnell play when I was about 12 years old, and he and his family came to Inverness, which is about 45 minutes from where I lived, and I was just blown away, like, it was just amazing, and you'll find out why pretty soon here, but I couldn't believe the fiddling and Mom was there with me, and she was saying — Donnell's mother came up on stage and danced with her children, and Mom was saying, ""That's Julie MacDonnell, I used to dance with her when we were kids. (Laughter) (Applause) DL: So anyway, we're running out of time, so I'll just get to it. I'm going to play a piece of music for you. I'll quickly play a short part of the air, and then I'm going to get into kind of a crazy tune that is very difficult to play when you're not warmed up, so, if I mess it up, pretend you like it anyway. Before Mom's family had a piano in Cape Breton, she learned to play the rhythms on a piece of board, and the fiddlers would all congregate to play on the cold winter's evenings and Mom would be banging on this board, so when they bought a piano, they bought it in Toronto and had it taken by train and brought in on a horse, a horse and sleigh to the house. (Applause) (Laughter) DL: Oh yeah, okay, in my family we had seven girls, four boys, we had two fiddles and one piano, and of course we were all fighting to play on the instruments, so dad and mom set a rule that you couldn't kick anyone off the instrument.","Donnell Leahy is from Cape Breton Island, a very musical island. he's known Donnell for probably 12 years, and he's now married. he says he's a great musician, but he's also a great songwriter.","Natalie MacMaster and her musical partner Donnell Leahy play several tunes from the Cape Breton tradition -- a sprightly, soulful style of folk fiddling. It's an inspired collaboration that will have you clapping (and maybe dancing) along."
360,"Well, Don Brownlee, my friend, and I finally got to the point where we got tired of turning on the TV and seeing the spaceships and seeing the aliens every night, and tried to write a counter-argument to it, and put out what does it really take for an Earth to be habitable, for a planet to be an Earth, to have a place where you could probably get not just life, but complexity, which requires a huge amount of evolution, and therefore constancy of conditions. It was, ""It burns! And I really do think we have to start thinking about what's a good planet and what isn't. Now, I throw this slide up because it indicates to me that, even if SETI does hear something, can we figure out what they said? Because this was a slide that was passed between the two major intelligences on Earth -- a Mac to a PC -- and it can't even get the letters right -- (Laughter) -- so how are we going to talk to the aliens? And that will happen, paradoxically -- everything you hear about global warming -- when we hit CO2 down to 10 parts per million, we are no longer going to have to have plants that are allowed to have any photosynthesis, and there go animals. The effects of it spread this very thin impact layer all over the planet, and we had very quickly the death of the dinosaurs, the death of these beautiful ammonites, Leconteiceras here, and Celaeceras over here, and so much else. And the what, I think, is that we returned, over and over again, to the Pre-Cambrian world, that first microbial age, and the microbes are still out there. It's been on this planet since the animals first started -- 500 million years. What are you going to do?","don brownlee: i think we have to start thinking about what's a good planet and what isn't. he says if we hit CO2 down to 10 parts per million, we are no longer going to have plants. brownlee: we return to the Pre-Cambrian world, that first microbial age.","Asteroid strikes get all the coverage, but ""Medea Hypothesis"" author Peter Ward argues that most of Earth's mass extinctions were caused by lowly bacteria. The culprit, a poison called hydrogen sulfide, may have an interesting application in medicine."
361,"Chris Anderson: And now we go live to Caracas to see one of Maestro Abreu's great proteges. He's the greatest young conductor in the world. (Applause) (Music) (Applause) Gustavo Dudamel: Hi everybody in L.A. Hi Quincy. Hi Maestro Zander. Hi Mark. We are very happy to have the possibility to be with you in the other side of the world. We are very happy because we have the opportunity to have this angel in the world -- not only in our country, Venezuela, but in our world. We hope to have, our Maestro, to have orchestras in all the countries in all Americas. A Mexican composer: Arturo Marquez. ""Danzon No.","Gustavo Dudamel: ""we are very happy because we have the opportunity to have this angel in the world"" he's the greatest young conductor in the world. dudamel: ""we hope to have, our Maestro, to have orchestras in all the countries in all Americas""","The Teresa Carreño Youth Orchestra contains the best high school musicians from Venezuela's life-changing music program, El Sistema. Led here by Gustavo Dudamel, they play Shostakovich's Symphony No. 10, 2nd movement, and Arturo Márquez' Danzón No. 2."
362,"They like to eat healthy and healthily, but when we think of something as a health food, we think of it as something we eat out of obligation, not out of passion and love for the flavor. We're going to try this at lunch, and I'll explain a bit more about it, but it's made not only with two types of pre-doughs -- this attempt, again, at bringing out flavor is to make a piece of dough the day before that is not leavened. And it's made -- it can be a sourdough starter, or what we call a ""biga"" or any other kind of pre-fermented dough with a little yeast in it, and that starts to develop flavor also. And we're hoping that, sort of, the enzyme piece of dough becomes the fuel pack for the leavened piece of dough, and when we put them together and add the final ingredients, we can create a bread that does evoke the full potential of flavor trapped in the grain. And somehow, this is transformed -- the yeast burps and sweats are later transformed -- and this is really getting to the heart of what makes bread so special is that it is a transformational food, and we're going to explore that in a minute. And at stage nine we get the dough to the final shape, and it goes into the oven -- stage 10. In stage two, we add water and salt to it, mix it together, and we create something that we call ""clay."" But dough is what we're working with, and we take that dough to the oven, and it goes into the oven. And it's what comes out of the oven that is what we call the staff of life. And what we're going to attempt to do with this bread here, again, is to use, in addition to everything we talked about, this bread we're going to call ""spent grain bread"" because, as you know, bread-making is very similar to beer-making.","""spent grain bread"" is a bread made with two types of pre-dough. it's made with a sourdough starter that is not leavened. bread-making is very similar to beer-making.","Batch to batch, crust to crust ... In tribute to the beloved staple food, baking master Peter Reinhart reflects on the cordial couplings (wheat and yeast, starch and heat) that give us our daily bread. Try not to eat a slice."
363,"(Laughter) But of course what we have to remember is this. So what I'm going to try to do in the next 17 and a half minutes is I'm going to talk first about the flames -- where we are in the economy -- and then I'm going to take three trends that have taken place at TED over the last 25 years and that will take place in this conference and I will try and bring them together. And as you think about that, you've got to wonder: so what do banks have in store for you now? And then by 2007 it was 68 percent. And the reason we have to do that in the short term is because we have just run out of cash. (Laughter) Here's what happens if you don't address this stuff. And what's really important in this stuff is, as we cut, we also have to grow. And as you bring these trends together, and as you think of what it means to take people who are profoundly deaf, who can now begin to hear -- I mean, remember the evolution of hearing aids, right? (Laughter) I think what we're going to see is we're going to see a different species of hominid. And I think this isn't 1,000 years out.","by 2007 it was 68 percent, and we have just run out of cash. what's really important in this stuff is, as we cut, we also have to grow. what we're going to see is we're going to see a different species of hominid.","While the mega-banks were toppling in early 2009, Juan Enriquez took the stage to say: The really big reboot is yet to come. But don't look for it on the stock exchange or the political ballot. It'll come from science labs, and it promises keener bodies and minds. Our kids are going to be ... different."
364,"And the second thing I learned was that I knew, with profound certainty, that this is exactly what I was going to do for the rest of my life. The limitation of diving with air is all those dots in your body, all the nitrogen and all the oxygen. But if we want to go deeper, of course, we need another gas supply, and helium is what we really need to go deep. We also have a second oxygen cylinder, solely as a backup; if there's a problem with our first oxygen supply, we can continue to breathe. I'm going to take you on a deep dive, and show you what it's like to do one. (Laughter) So we're down there -- this is at 400 feet. And if you're a biologist and know about sharks, and you want to assess, how much jeopardy am I really in here, there's one question that sort of jumps to the forefront of your mind immediately, which is -- (Video) Diver 1: What kind of sharks? When we first found it, we weren't even sure what family it belonged to, so we just called it the Dr. Seuss fish, since it looked like something from one of those books. What's extraordinary is not just the number of species we're finding -- though as you can see, that's pretty amazing; this is only half of what we've found -- what's extraordinary is how quickly we find them. The reason I show this -- not to put a downer on everything -- but I just want to use it to key off my philosophy of life in general, which is that we all have two goals.","diving with air is a limitation, but if we want to go deeper, we need another gas supply. we also have a second oxygen cylinder, solely as a backup. diving with helium is the best way to go deep, says dr. seuss.","In this illuminating talk, Richard Pyle shows us thriving life on the cliffs of coral reefs and groundbreaking diving technologies he has pioneered to explore it. He and his team risk everything to reveal the secrets of undiscovered species."
365,"And David and I discovered that we had a question in common, that we really wanted the answer to, and that was, ""Why hasn't anybody built any computer games for little girls?"" So David and I decided to go find out, through the best research we could muster, what it would take to get a little girl to put her hands on a computer, to achieve the level of comfort and ease with the technology that little boys have because they play video games. They taught me how to look and see, and they did not do the incredibly stupid thing of saying to a child, ""Of all these things we already make you, which do you like best?"" After we had done that with a pretty large team of people and discovered what we thought the salient issues were with girls and boys and playing -- because, after all, that's really what this is about -- we moved to the second phase of our work, where we interviewed adult experts in academia, some of the people who'd produced the literature that we found relevant. We launched two titles in October -- ""Rockett's New School"" -- the first of a series of products -- is about a character called Rockett beginning her first day of school in eighth grade at a brand new place, with a blank slate, which allows girls to play with the question of, ""What will I be like when I'm older?"" I want to talk about the other, because the politics of this enterprise, in a way, have been the most fascinating part of it, for me. These are pictures the girls themselves never saw, but they gave to us This is the stuff those reviewers don't know about and aren't listening to and this is the kind of research I recommend to those who want to do humanistic work. What's going on? Rockett: Really? BL: I'm going to fast-forward to the decision point because I know I don't have a lot of time.","""Rockett's New School"" is about a character called Rockett beginning her first day of school. the game allows girls to play with the question of, ""What will I be like when i'm older?"" ""they taught me how to look and see and they did not do the incredibly stupid thing of saying to a child, ""oh, which do you like best?""","At TED in 1998, Brenda Laurel asks: Why are all the top-selling videogames aimed at little boys? She spent two years researching the world of girls (and shares amazing interviews and photos) to create a game that girls would love."
366,"I'm going to play it for you in a couple minutes,   but I want to make an analogy before I do  to this. Now, think about where the world would be today   if we had the light bulb, but you couldn't focus light; if when you turned one on it just went wherever it wanted to. Now, after almost 80 years of having sound, I thought it was about time that we figure out a way to put sound where you want to. (Applause) Because I have some limited time, I'll cut it off for a second, and tell you about how it works and what it's good for. And, you know, if the sound isn't there, the sale typically isn't made. But what's great about it, from the tests that have been done, is, if you don't want to hear it, you take about one step to the side and you don't hear it. And the sound that you're hearing, unlike a regular speaker on which all the sound is made on the face, is made out in front of it, in the air. So, again, this idea of being able to put sound anywhere you want to is really starting to catch on. We put it on a turret with a camera, so that when they shoot at you, you're over there, and it's there. I usually figure out what my talk is when I get up in front of a group.","bob greene: after 80 years of having sound, it's about time that we figure out a way to put sound where you want to. he says we put it on a turret with a camera so that when they shoot at you, it's there. greene: if you don't want to hear it, you take about one step to the side and you don't hear it.","Woody Norris shows off two of his inventions that use sound in new ways, including the Long Range Acoustic Device, or LRAD. He talks about his untraditional approach to inventing and education, because, as he puts it: ""Almost nothing has been invented yet."" So -- what's next?"
367,"And I heard that they do these track meets with all disabled runners, and I figured, ""Oh, I don't know about this, but before I judge it, let me go see what it's all about."" AM: Yes, well, you know, I'd won everything as far as the disabled meets -- everything I competed in -- and, you know, training in Georgetown and knowing that I was going to have to get used to   seeing the backs of all these women's shirts -- you know, I'm running against the next Flo-Jo -- and they're all looking at me like, ""Hmm, what's, you know, what's going on here?"" And it's the first -- I had just gotten these new sprinting legs that you see in that bio, and I didn't realize at that time that the amount of sweating I would be doing in the sock -- it actually acted like a lubricant and I'd be, kind of, pistoning in the socket. So, here we are, a week after the Olympics and down at Atlanta, and I'm just blown away by the fact that just a year ago, I got out on a gravel track and couldn't run 50 meters. ""Oh, Aimee, we'll have to get back to you on that one."" (Laughter) So, I'm just, like -- they're all looking at me like 'which one of these is not like the other,' you know? And I'm like, ""I know! I mean, the fact that I set my sights, just a year and three months before, on becoming an Olympic athlete and saying, ""Here's my life going in this direction -- and I want to take it here for a while, and just seeing how far I could push it."" AM: I don't know. I don't know how good you can see it, but, like, it really is.","a year ago, i couldn't run 50 meters on a gravel track. ""i don't know how good you can see it, but, like, it really is,"" she says. ""i'm just blown away by the fact that just a year and three months before,"" she says.","In this TED archive video from 1998, paralympic sprinter Aimee Mullins talks about her record-setting career as a runner, and about the amazing carbon-fiber prosthetic legs (then a prototype) that helped her cross the finish line."
368,"A goal I had there was to draw more people in to work on those problems, because I think there are some very important problems that don't get worked on naturally. And only by paying attention to these things and having brilliant people who care and draw other people in can we make as much progress as we need to. And the disease was all over the world. And this is: How do you make a teacher great? That bottom thing, which says there's no effect at all, is a master's degree. There are some people who are very good at this. So imagine running a factory where you've got these workers, some of them just making crap and the management is told, ""Hey, you can only come down here once a year, but you need to let us know, because we might actually fool you, and try and do a good job in that one brief moment."" (Applause) Now, we put a lot of money into education, and I really think that education is the most important thing to get right for the country to have as strong a future as it should have. In fact we have in the stimulus bill -- it's interesting -- the House version actually had money in it for these data systems, and it was taken out in the Senate because there are people who are threatened by these things. And with that, I think there's some great things that will come out of it.","david frum: there are some very important problems that don't get worked on naturally. frum: only by having brilliant people who care and draw other people in can we make progress. he says we put a lot of money into education, and it's the most important thing to get right. frum: education is the most important thing to get right for the country to have a strong future.","Bill Gates hopes to solve some of the world's biggest problems using a new kind of philanthropy. In a passionate and, yes, funny 18 minutes, he asks us to consider two big questions and how we might answer them. (And see the Q&A on the TED Blog.)"
369,"(Music) Jose Antonio Abreu: My dear friends, ladies and gentlemen, I am overjoyed today at being awarded the TED Prize on behalf of all the distinguished music teachers, artists and educators from Venezuela who have selflessly and loyally accompanied me for 35 years in founding, growing and developing in Venezuela the National System of Youth and Children's Orchestras and Choirs. I decided to face the challenge, and on that same night, I promised those 11 children I'd turn our orchestra into one of the leading orchestras in the world. Child: After all this time here, music is life. Music is life. With his effort, and the support of his mother, his family and his community, he became a principal member in the double bass segment of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. He was the conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra, and he's an unbeatable example for young musicians in Latin America and the world. In the personal/social circle, the children in the orchestras and choirs develop their intellectual and emotional side. The child becomes a role model for both his parents, and this is very important for a poor child. Not an economic or social crisis, but a spiritual one. We hope that TED can contribute in a full and fundamental way to the building of this new era in the teaching of music, in which the social, communal, spiritual and vindicatory aims of the child and the adolescent become a beacon and a goal for a vast social mission.","abreu: i'm overjoyed at being awarded the TED Prize on behalf of all the distinguished music teachers, artists and educators from Venezuela. he says he promised those 11 children he'd turn our orchestra into one of the leading orchestras in the world. he says he's an unbeatable example for young musicians in Latin America and the world.",José Antonio Abreu is the charismatic founder of a youth orchestra system that has transformed thousands of kids' lives in Venezuela. He shares his amazing story and unveils a TED Prize wish that could have a big impact in the US and beyond.
370,"I want to share with you my personal view of changes in the sea that affect all of us, and to consider why it matters that in 50 years, we've lost -- actually, we've taken, we've eaten -- more than 90 percent of the big fish in the sea; why you should care that nearly half of the coral reefs have disappeared; why a mysterious depletion of oxygen in large areas of the Pacific should concern not only the creatures that are dying, but it really should concern you. We need to learn everything we can about it and do everything we can to take care of it. Yet we have this idea, we humans, that the Earth -- all of it: the oceans, the skies -- are so vast and so resilient it doesn't matter what we do to it. Since then, I've had the great pleasure of working with the Googlers, with DOER Marine, with National Geographic, with dozens of the best institutions and scientists around the world, ones that we could enlist, to put the ocean in Google Earth. All of these parts are part of our life support system. This is the consequence of not knowing that there are limits to what we can take out of the sea. There are still some blue whales. Imagine what that means to our life support system. The good news is that there are now more than 4,000 places in the sea, around the world, that have some kind of protection. With scientists around the world, I've been looking at the 99 percent of the ocean that is open to fishing -- and mining, and drilling, and dumping, and whatever -- to search out hope spots, and try to find ways to give them and us a secure future.","in 50 years, we've lost -- actually, we've taken, we've eaten -- more than 90 percent of the big fish in the sea. a mysterious depletion of oxygen in large areas of the Pacific should concern you, he says. he says we humans think the oceans are so vast and so resilient it doesn't matter what we do to them. he says there are now more than 4,000 places in the sea that have some kind of protection.",Legendary ocean researcher Sylvia Earle shares astonishing images of the ocean -- and shocking stats about its rapid decline -- as she makes her TED Prize wish: that we will join her in protecting the vital blue heart of the planet.
371,"And I'm like, ""I don't know what just happened, but there are testicles in this bucket, and that's not how we do it."" We're on twice a day on the Discovery -- we can't do this."" He's like, ""A day?"" And I can't get this thought out of my head, and I can't get that vision out of my sight, so I did what I had to do. And this metaphor in my head -- I've got anagnorisis and peripeteia on my chin -- (Laughter) I've got to tell you, it's such a great device, though. And I've been having them, over 200 dirty jobs, I have them all the time, but that one -- that one drilled something home in a way that I just wasn't prepared for. I didn't know what to do with my life, but I was told if you follow your passion, it's going to work out. What I mean to say is: I value my safety on these crazy jobs as much as the people that I'm working with, but the ones who really get it done -- they're not out there talking about safety first. We try hard on ""Dirty Jobs"" not to do that, which is why I do the work and I don't cheat. And to me, the most important thing to know and to really come face to face with, is that fact that I got it wrong about a lot of things, not just the testicles on my chin.","""i got it wrong about a lot of things, not just the testicles on my chin,"" he says. he says he didn't know what to do, but he was told if you follow your passion, it's going to work out.","Mike Rowe, the host of ""Dirty Jobs,"" tells some compelling (and horrifying) real-life job stories. Listen for his insights and observations about the nature of hard work, and how it's been unjustifiably degraded in society today."
372,"I'm not going to talk too long about it, but there are so many of the family of Uce, which are not so fortunate to live out there in the forest, that still have to go through that process. So I decided that I had to come up with a solution for her but also a solution that will benefit the people that are trying to exploit those forests, to get their hands on the last timber and that are causing, in that way, the loss of habitat and all those victims. So I created the place Samboja Lestari, and the idea was, if I can do this on the worst possible place that I can think of where there is really nothing left, no one will have an excuse to say, ""Yeah, but ..."" No. Still, in this place, in this grassland where you can see our very first office there on that hill, four years later, there is this one green blop on the Earth's surface ... (Applause) And there are all these animals, and all these people happy, and there's this economic value. If you can drop this recipe on the map on a sandy soil, on a clay soil, on a steep slope, on flat soil, you put those different recipes; if you combine them, out of that comes a business plan, comes a work plan, and you can optimize it for the amount of labor you have available or for the amount of fertilizer you have, and you can do it. So you have to do it with the local people. It's not that simple, and you have to work with the people. That you can go from this zero situation, by planting the vegetables and the trees, or directly, the trees in the lines in that grass there, putting up the buffer zone, producing your compost, and then making sure that at every stage of that up growing forest there are crops that can be used. In summary, if you look at it, in year one the people can sell their land to get income, but they get jobs back in the construction and the reforestation, the working with the orangutans, and they can use the waste wood to make handicraft. They also get free land in between the trees, where they can grow their crops.","a reforestation project has been started in a forest in samboja lestari, sri lanka. the idea is to plant vegetables and trees, or directly in the lines in that grass. it's not that simple, and you have to work with the people.","By piecing together a complex ecological puzzle, biologist Willie Smits believes he has found a way to re-grow clearcut rainforest in Borneo, saving local orangutans — and creating a thrilling blueprint for restoring fragile ecosystems. NOTE: The core content of this talk has been challenged on a number of grounds. For details, and Willie Smits' response, please see ""A challenge to Willie Smits' talk"" below."
373,"Now, by the time we get out here to, let's say, acute bee paralysis virus -- probably a bad one to have if you're a bee --- this virus shares almost no similarity to coxsackievirus, but I can guarantee you that the sequences that are most conserved  among these viruses on the right-hand of the screen are in identical regions right up here. OK, so that's what we did, but how are we going to do that? (Laughter) And so what we did -- and this is a really cool project -- we just started by making a respiratory virus chip. Well, we just put basically all the human respiratory viruses on one chip, and we threw in herpes virus for good measure -- I mean, why not? Now, this is kind of a cheap shot, because I know what the genetic sequence of all these rhinoviruses is, and I in fact designed the chip expressly to be able to tell them apart, but what about rhinoviruses that have never seen a genetic sequencer? Well, first of all, when you have a big chip like this, you need a little bit more informatics, so we designed the system to do automatic diagnosis. But we can get virtual patterns, and compare them to our observed result -- which is a very complex mixture -- and come up with some sort of score of how likely it is this is a rhinovirus or something. We put it on the chip; what do we see? What is that? What is it?",cnn's john defterios and his team are making a respiratory virus chip. they put basically all the human respiratory viruses on one chip. they also threw in herpes virus for good measure.,"Biochemist Joe DeRisi talks about amazing new ways to diagnose viruses (and treat the illnesses they cause) using DNA. His work may help us understand malaria, SARS, avian flu -- and the 60 percent of everyday viral infections that go undiagnosed."
374,"And it was very difficult for me to imagine how to paint pictures that were based on Piero until I realized that I could look at Piero as nature -- that I would have the same attitude towards looking at Piero della Francesca as I would if I were looking out a window at a tree. Perhaps it's not a very insightful observation, but that really started me on a path to be able to do a kind of theme and variations based on a work by Piero, in this case that remarkable painting that's in the Uffizi, ""The Duke of Montefeltro,"" who faces his consort, Battista. I said, ""Well, it's so persuasive, because the purpose of that sign is to get you into the garage, and since most people are so suspicious of garages, and know that they're going to be ripped off, they use the word 'reliable.' And the first thing I did, which was sort of in the absence of another idea, was say I'll sort of write it out and make some words big, and I'll have some kind of design on the back somehow, and I was hoping -- as one often does -- to stumble into something. And then I did some variations of it, but it still wasn't coalescing graphically at all. (Laughter) So here's what it says in my explanation at the bottom left. One is the sort of willingness to expose myself to a critical audience, and not to suggest that I am confident about what I'm doing. And as you know, you have to have a front. The other thing is to actually give you two solutions for the price of one; you get the big one and if you don't like that, how about the little one? There were 10 artists invited to participate in it, and it was one of those things where it was extremely competitive and I didn't want to be embarrassed, so I worked very hard on this.","""the Duke of Montefeltro"" is based on a work by Piero della Francesca. the painting is in the uffizi, and it's one of 10 artists invited to participate. ""i did some variations of it, but it still wasn't coalescing graphically at all""","From the TED archives: The legendary graphic designer Milton Glaser dives deep into a new painting inspired by Piero della Francesca. From here, he muses on what makes a convincing poster, by breaking down an idea and making it new."
375,"For many millennia, humans have been on a journey to find answers, answers to questions about naturalism and transcendence, about who we are and why we are, and of course, who else might be out there. (Laughter) But, what if we're not? Our sun is one of 400 billion stars in our galaxy, and we know that many other stars have planetary systems. Well, what about 10^22? And the other thing that one should take away from this chart is the very narrow range of time over which humans can claim to be the dominant intelligence on the planet. We are a small part of the story of cosmic evolution, and we are going to be responsible for our continued participation in that story, and perhaps SETI will help as well. If you look very hard here you can see the signal from the Voyager 1 spacecraft, the most distant human object in the universe, 106 times as far away from us as the sun is. In 2009, the U.N. has declared it to be the International Year of Astronomy, a global festival to help us residents of Earth rediscover our cosmic origins and our place in the universe. We need bigger glasses and more hands in the water, and then working together, maybe we can all live to see the detection of the first extraterrestrial signal. If SETI does nothing but change the perspective of humans on this planet, then it will be one of the most profound endeavors in history.",the signal from the Voyager 1 spacecraft is 106 times as far away from us as the sun is. john sutter: if SETI does nothing but change the perspective of humans on this planet. he says it will be one of the most profound endeavors in history. sutter: we need bigger glasses and more hands in the water.,"The SETI Institute's Jill Tarter makes her TED Prize wish: to accelerate our search for cosmic company. Using a growing array of radio telescopes, she and her team listen for patterns that may be a sign of intelligence elsewhere in the universe."
376,"At the same time, I fell in love with New York City. Then I started going into the tunnels, which made me realize that there's a whole new dimension to the city that I never saw before and most people don't get to see. So I wanted to create a fictional character or an animal that dwells in these underground spaces, and the simplest way to do it, at the time, was to model myself. I was very fond of this space because it's the first massive industrial complex I found on my own that is abandoned. And, in a way, I wanted the human figure in the picture to become a part of that nature. Walking in this tunnel is very peaceful. This is the same tunnel. I was really frightened at first, but I calmly explained to him that I was working on an art project and he didn't seem to mind and so I went ahead and put my camera on self-timer and ran back and forth. So the bones were moved from the cemeteries into the quarries, making them into the catacombs. And I saw a lot of graffiti from the 1800s, like this one.","the bones were moved from the cemeteries into the quarries, making them into the catacombs. the bones were moved from the cemeteries into the quarries, making them into the catacombs. the bones were moved from the cemeteries into the quarries.","At the 2008 EG Conference, artist Miru Kim talks about her work. Kim explores industrial ruins underneath New York and then photographs herself in them, nude -- to bring these massive, dangerous, hidden spaces into sharp focus."
377,"I'd like to take you all on a journey up to the forest canopy, and share with you what canopy researchers are asking and also how they're communicating with other people outside of science. (Music) (Growling) (Rustling) So what you'll see up there is that it's really like the atmosphere of an open field, and there are tremendous numbers of plants and animals that have adapted to make their way and their life in the canopy. Up in the canopy, if you were sitting next to me and you turned around from those primary forest ecosystems, you would also see scenes like this. And I'd like to just tell you one of our projects, which is the generation of Canopy Confluences. What I do is I bring together scientists and artists of all kinds, and we spend a week in the forest on these little platforms; and we look at nature, we look at trees, we look at the canopy, and we communicate, and exchange, and express what we see together. What can I, as an ecologist, do about that? Well, my thought was that I could learn how to grow mosses, and that way we wouldn't have to take them out of the wild. And I thought, if I had some partners that could help me with this, that would be great. Because the prison wardens were very enthusiastic about this as well, I started a Science and Sustainability Seminar in the prisons. Finally, as a scientist and as a person and now, as part of the TED community, I feel that I have better tools to go out to trees, to go out to forests, to go out to nature, to make new discoveries about nature -- and about humans' place in nature wherever we are and whomever you are.","scientists and artists of all kinds spend a week in the forest on platforms. they look at nature, look at trees, we look at the canopy, and we communicate. ecologist: ""i feel that as a scientist, i have better tools to go out to trees""","A unique ecosystem of plants, birds and monkeys thrives in the treetops of the rainforest. Nalini Nadkarni explores these canopy worlds -- and shares her findings with the world below, through dance, art and bold partnerships."
378,"And the reason that that was the model    of beauty and of nature was because the decimal point had not been invented yet --    it wasn't the 16th century -- and everybody had to dimension a building    in terms of fractions, so a room would be dimensioned    as one-fourth of a facade; the structural dais of that might be dimensioned as 10 units, and you would get down to the small elements    by fractional subdivision:    finer and finer and finer. So, what's going on today    is that there's a model of natural form which is calculus-based    and which is using digital tools, and that has a lot of implications    to the way we think about beauty and form,    and it has a lot of implications in the way we think about nature. But what was important is,    the Gothic moment in architecture was the first time    that force and motion was thought of in terms of form. In all these examples,   there's one ideal form,   because these are thought in terms of structure. To just talk for a minute about the    digital mediums that we're using now    and how they integrate calculus: the fact that they're calculus-based    means that we don't have to think about dimension   in terms of ideal units    or discreet elements. That's because we're all using calculus tools    for manufacturing and for design. It also is much more dynamic,    so that you can see that the same form opens and closes    in a very dynamic way as you move across it,    because it has this quality of vector in motion   built into it. I think that's one of the main changes,    also, in architecture:    that we're starting to look now not for some ideal form, like a Latin cross for a church,    but actually all the traits of a church:   so, light that comes from behind from an invisible source,   directionality that focuses you towards an altar. So, for me, what was important is that    this coffee set -- which is just a coffee pot, a teapot,    and those are the pots sitting on a tray --    that they would have a coherence --   so, they would be Greg Lynn Alessi coffee pots --    but that everyone who bought one    would have a one-of-a-kind object that was unique in some way. So, the pattern and the form aren't the same thing,    but they really work together and are fused   in some way.",the Gothic moment in architecture was the first time force and motion was thought of in terms of form. the Gothic moment in architecture was the first time that force and motion was thought of in terms of form. the Gothic moment in architecture was the first time that force and motion was thought of in terms of form.,Greg Lynn talks about the mathematical roots of architecture -- and how calculus and digital tools allow modern designers to move beyond the traditional building forms. A glorious church in Queens (and a titanium tea set) illustrate his theory.
379,"And so the next -- over the next six decades, believe it or not, I've built a number of aircraft, with the goal of creating something that could do for you, or me, what the hummingbird does, and give you that flexibility. When you get in the Skycar -- and I can tell you, there's only one other person that's flown it, but he had the same sensation -- you really feel like you're being lifted up by a magic carpet, without any vibration whatsoever. I only get to fly this vehicle occasionally, and only when I can persuade my stockholders to let me do so, but it's still one of those wonderful experiences that reward you for all that time. If we can get rid of that, then the highways will now be useful to you, as contrasted by what's happening in many parts of the world today. On this next slide, is an interesting history of what we really have seen in infrastructure, because whether I give you a perfect Skycar, the perfect vehicle for use, it's going to have very little value to you unless you've got a system to use it in. You're not going to be a pilot, you're going to be a passenger. Because if you're in this world, where computers are controlling what you're doing, it's going to be very critical that something can't fail on you. After all, if you can fly like that, why are you going to drive around on a highway? And I know the pilots in the audience aren't going to like that --  and I've had a lot of bad feedback from people who want to be up there, flying around and experiencing that. (Laughter) I'd like to show you an animation in this next one, which is one element of the Skycar's use, but it's one that demonstrates how it could be used.","the skycar is a vehicle that could do for you, or me, what the hummingbird does. bob greene: it's still one of those wonderful experiences that reward you for all that time. greene: if we can get rid of that, highways will now be useful to you. greene: if we can get rid of that, highways will be useful to you.",Paul Moller talks about the future of personal air travel -- the marriage of autos and flight that will give us true freedom to travel off-road. He shows two things he's working on: the Moller Skycar (a jet + car) and a passenger-friendly hovering disc.
380,"But it would be worse, except for that I happen to remember that over 20 years ago, when I was a teenager, when I first started telling people that I wanted to be a writer, I was met with this same sort of fear-based reaction. It just didn't come up like that, you know? I have to sort of find some way to have a safe distance between me, as I am writing, and my very natural anxiety about what the reaction to that writing is going to be, from now on. They believed that a genius was this, sort of magical divine entity, who was believed to literally live in the walls of an artist's studio, kind of like Dobby the house elf, and who would come out and sort of invisibly assist the artist with their work and would shape the outcome of that work. You know, I think that allowing somebody, one mere person to believe that he or she is like, the vessel, you know, like the font and the essence and the source of all divine, creative, unknowable, eternal mystery is just a smidge too much responsibility to put on one fragile, human psyche. (Laughter) So when I heard that I was like -- that's uncanny, that's exactly what my creative process is like. (Laughter) That's not at all what my creative process is -- I'm not the pipeline! It saved me when I was in the middle of writing ""Eat, Pray, Love,"" and I fell into one of those sort of pits of despair that we all fall into when we're working on something and it's not coming and you start to think this is going to be a disaster, the worst book ever written. But if you don't do that, you know what, the hell with it. And I know you know what I'm talking about, because I know you've all seen, at some point in your life, a performance like this.","lz granderson: when i first started telling people that i wanted to be a writer, i was met with a fear-based reaction. granderson: allowing someone to believe that he or she is a genius is just a smidge too much responsibility. he says it saved me when i was in the middle of writing ""Eat, Pray, Love"" granderson: if you don't do that, you know what, the hell with it.","Elizabeth Gilbert muses on the impossible things we expect from artists and geniuses -- and shares the radical idea that, instead of the rare person ""being"" a genius, all of us ""have"" a genius. It's a funny, personal and surprisingly moving talk."
381,"These janitors have the moral will to do right by other people. When you ask the janitors who behaved like the ones I described how hard it is to learn to do their job, they tell you that it takes lots of experience. If you have one reason for doing something and I give you a second reason for doing the same thing, it seems only logical that two reasons are better than one and you're more likely to do it. but 'Is it right?'"" It is obvious that this is not the way people want to do their work. Because it would have been a disaster for them and for the community if he had let them go. Because it was the right thing to do. And I think he was right. And the virtue I think we need above all others is practical wisdom, because it's what allows other virtues -- honesty, kindness, courage and so on -- to be displayed at the right time and in the right way. Paying attention to what we do, to how we do it, and, perhaps most importantly, to the structure of the organizations within which we work, so as to make sure that it enables us and other people to develop wisdom rather than having it suppressed.","frida ghitis: janitors have moral will to do right by other people. ghitis: it's obvious that this is not the way people want to do their work. ghitis: we need practical wisdom to display other virtues in the right way. she says we need to pay attention to what we do, how we do it.","Barry Schwartz makes a passionate call for ""practical wisdom"" as an antidote to a society gone mad with bureaucracy. He argues powerfully that rules often fail us, incentives often backfire, and practical, everyday wisdom will help rebuild our world."
382,"I'm hired to be solemn, but I find more and more that I'm solemn when I don't have to be. And to do stuff that wasn't made out of Helvetica was actually kind of hard because you had to find it. And first I was praised for it, then criticized for it, but the fact of the matter was, I had become solemn. I didn't do what I think was a piece of serious work again for about 14 years. I spent most of the '80s being quite solemn, turning out these sorts of designs that I was expected to do because that's who I was, and I was living in this cycle of going from serious to solemn to hackneyed to dead, and getting rediscovered all over again. And I think that you know when you're going to be given this position, and it's rare, but when you get it and you have this opportunity, it's the moment of serious play. So, I changed it so that every season was different, and I continued to do these posters, but they never had the seriousness of the first identity because they were too individual, and they didn't have that heft of everything being the same thing. I didn't know how to read an architectural plan, I didn't know what they were talking about, and I really couldn't handle the fact that a job -- a single job -- could go on for four years because I was used to immediacy in graphic design, and that kind of attention to detail was really bad for somebody like me, with ADD. And it was serious play. They used to climb up on the building and call me and tell me that they had to correct my typography -- that my spacing was wrong, and they moved it, and they did wonderful things with it.","bob greene says he spent most of the '80s being solemn. he says he didn't do what he thought was a piece of serious work again for about 14 years. greene: when you get it and you have this opportunity, it's the moment of serious play.","Paula Scher looks back at a life in design (she's done album covers, books, the Citibank logo ...) and pinpoints the moment when she started really having fun. Look for gorgeous designs and images from her legendary career."
383,"We want to offer people an idea of what they can do about it. The truth is, we can build a better world, and we can do so right now. Most importantly, we have the motive: we have a world that needs fixing, and nobody's going to do it for us. (Laughter) For many of us, cell phones have really become almost an extension of ourselves, and we're really now beginning to see the social changes that mobile phones can bring about. And I'm just incredibly happy to see the news that Witness is going to be opening up a Web portal to enable users of digital cameras and camera phones to send in their recordings over the Internet, rather than just hand-carrying the videotape. It would highlight the changes that are underway, but would more importantly give voice to the people who are willing to work to see a new world, a better world, come about. It would be, in essence, an ""Earth Witness"" project. But the Earth Witness project wouldn't need to be limited to problems. And for a lot of us, they're as close as we have yet to always-on, widely available information tools. We have at our fingertips a cornucopia of compelling models, powerful tools, and innovative ideas that can make a meaningful difference in our planet's future.","we can build a better world right now, and we can do so right now. john sutter: we have a world that needs fixing, and nobody's going to do it for us. sutter: we have a cornucopia of compelling models, powerful tools, and innovative ideas.",We all want to make the world better -- but how? Jamais Cascio looks at some specific tools and techniques that can make a difference. It's a fascinating talk that might just inspire you to act.
384,"I've heard what I consider an extraordinary thing that I've only heard a little bit in the two previous TEDs, and what that is is an interweaving and an interlarding, an intermixing, of a sense of social responsibility in so many of the talks -- global responsibility, in fact, appealing to enlightened self-interest, but it goes far beyond enlightened self-interest. One of the most impressive things about what some, perhaps 10, of the speakers have been talking about is the realization, as you listen to them carefully, that they're not saying: Well, this is what we should do; this is what I would like you to do. And the only explanation I can have for some of what you've been hearing in the last four days is that it arises, in fact, out of a form of love. So, Sarah and I -- my wife -- walked over to the public library, which is four blocks away, on Pacific Street, and we got the OED, and we looked in there, and there are 14 definitions of hope, none of which really hits you between the eyes as being the appropriate one. And I find that very interesting and very provocative, because what you've been hearing in the last couple of days is the sense of going in different directions: directions that are specific and unique to problems. He was talking to a very large man, but I didn't care. Do you know what the world will be saved by? And I think that it's going to be, in time, the elements of the human spirit that we've been hearing about bit by bit by bit from so many of the speakers in the last few days. What is it that we have every right to ask of ourselves, out of our shared humanity and out of the human spirit? Now, if we're talking about medicine, and we're talking about healing, I'd like to quote someone who hasn't been quoted.","john avlon: i've heard an interweaving and an interlarding of a sense of social responsibility. avlon: what you've been hearing in the last four days is the sense of going in different directions. he says we have every right to ask ourselves out of our shared humanity and out of the human spirit. avlon: if we're talking about medicine, we're talking about healing.","Sherwin Nuland, a surgeon and a writer, meditates on the idea of hope -- the desire to become our better selves and make a better world. It's a thoughtful 12 minutes that will help you focus on the road ahead."
385,"Right when I was 15 was when I first got interested in solar energy. What if we collect the sun with a large reflector -- like I had been thinking about in high school, but maybe with modern technology we could make it cheaper -- concentrate it to a small converter, and then the conversion device wouldn't have to be as expensive, because it's much smaller, rather than solar cells, which have to cover the entire surface that you want to gather sun from. So we tried to look at all the different heat engines that have been used in history to convert sunlight or heat to electricity, And one of the great ones of all time, James Watt's steam engine of 1788 was a major breakthrough. So we tried to look at the Stirling engine in a new way, because it was practical -- weight no longer mattered for our application. So this is the engine. So you have the engine. This is what the first prototype of our system looked like with the petals and the engine in the center. But you can use it to optionally heat hot water and that brings the efficiency up even higher because some of the heat that you'd normally be rejecting, you can now use as useful energy, whether it's for a pool or hot water. So you don't have to just have a feel-good attitude about energy to want to have one of these. And it would be great if we could make our energy usage renewable, where as we're using the energy, we're creating it at the same pace, and I really hope we can get there.",solar energy is a renewable energy source that can be used to heat hot water. the engine can be used to convert sunlight or heat to electricity. the engine can also be used to heat a pool or hot water.,"Bill Gross, the founder of Idealab, talks about his life as an inventor, starting with his high-school company selling solar energy plans and kits. Learn here about a groundbreaking system for solar cells -- and some questions we haven't yet solved."
386,"Many of you, maybe you've seen it or you've heard of the story, but what you might not know is that for nearly the first hour of the film, the main character, Benjamin Button, who's played by Brad Pitt, is completely computer-generated from the neck up. So we decided to cast a series of little people that would play the different bodies of Benjamin at the different increments of his life and that we would in fact create a computer-generated version of Brad's head, aged to appear as Benjamin, and attach that to the body of the real actor. And it's not a special effects film; it has to be a man. (Laughter) So we had a big problem: we didn't know how we were going to do this. And then animators can take the data of the motion of those markers and apply them to a computer-generated character. And if you look in a comparison, on the left, we see what volumetric data gives us and on the right you see what markers give us. was, what if we could take Brad Pitt, and we could put Brad in this device, and use this Contour process, and we could stipple on this phosphorescent makeup and put him under the black lights, and we could, in fact, scan him in real time performing Ekman's FACS poses. So, in the spirit of ""The Great Unveiling"" -- I had to do this -- I had to unveil something. So now, we had a 3D database of everything Brad Pitt's face can do at age 87, in his 70s and in his 60s. But, that is Benjamin.","a computer-generated version of Brad Pitt's head is attached to the real actor's body. ""the great unveiling"" is about a computer-generated version of a man's face. the character, Benjamin, is computer-generated from the neck up.","Ed Ulbrich, the digital-effects guru from Digital Domain, explains the Oscar-winning technology that allowed his team to digitally create the older versions of Brad Pitt's face for ""The Curious Case of Benjamin Button."""
387,"Plastics are also hard to recycle. Now, melting point has a lot to do with this. In spite of deposit fees, much of this trash leading out to the sea will be plastic beverage bottles. Notice that the bottles here have caps on them. Let's trace the journey of the millions of caps that make it to sea solo. After 20 years, we see emerging the debris accumulation zone of the North Pacific Gyre. I wanted to see what my home town of Long Beach was contributing to the problem, so on Coastal Clean-Up Day in 2005 I went to the Long Beach Peninsula, at the east end of our long beach. Here are the 1,100 bottle caps they collected. I separated them by color and put them on display the next Earth Day at Cabrillo Marine Aquarium in San Pedro. And this.",cnn's john sutter went to long beach in 2005 to collect bottle caps. the caps were collected on Coastal Clean-Up Day. sutter: plastics are hard to recycle.,"Capt. Charles Moore of the Algalita Marine Research Foundation first discovered the Great Pacific Garbage Patch -- an endless floating waste of plastic trash. Now he's drawing attention to the growing, choking problem of plastic debris in our seas."
388,"One of the guys I hired was an engineer named Jack Dorsey, and a year later, when we were trying to decide which way to go with Odeo, Jack presented an idea he'd been tinkering around with for a number of years that was based around sending simple status updates to friends. Now, it's hard to justify doing a side project at a startup, where focus is so critical, but I had actually launched Blogger as a side project to my previous company, thinking it was just a little thing we'd do on the side, and it ended up taking over not only the company, but my life for the next five or six years. You say what you're doing in 140 characters or less, and people who are interested in you get those updates. And in my case, when I hit send, up to 60,000 people will receive that message in a matter of seconds. At this event, dozens of people here are Twittering and thousands of people around the world are following along because they want to know what it feels like to be here and what's happening. As have this guy's. And they tapped into the fact that, if you have millions of people around the world talking about what they're doing and what's around them, you have an incredible resource to find out about any topic or event while it's going on. This is another way that our mind was shifted, and Twitter wasn't what we thought it was. This not only lets you view Twitters in different ways, but it introduces new use cases as well. So, thank you very much, Evan.",blogger is a side project to a startup that lets users send status updates to friends. thousands of people around the world are following along because they want to know what's happening. dozens of people here are twittering and thousands of people around the world are following along.,"In the year leading up to this talk, the web tool Twitter exploded in size (up 10x during 2008 alone). Co-founder Evan Williams reveals that many of the ideas driving that growth came from unexpected uses invented by the users themselves."
389,"So, as a computer scientist inspired by this utility of our interactions with physical objects -- along with my adviser Pattie, and my collaborator Jeevan Kalanithi -- I started to wonder -- what if when we used a computer, instead of having this one mouse cursor that was a like a digital fingertip moving around a flat desktop, what if we could reach in with both hands and grasp information physically, arranging it the way we wanted? And as these tools become more physical, more aware of their motion, aware of each other, and aware of the nuance of how we move them, we can start to explore some new and fun interaction styles. This Siftable is configured to show video, and if I tilt it in one direction, it'll roll the video this way; if I tilt it the other way it rolls it backwards. So here I'm -- (Applause) This is a Fibonacci sequence that I'm making with a simple equation program. (Applause) So these are some kids that came on a field trip to the Media Lab, and I managed to get them to try it out, and shoot a video. And, one of the interesting things about this kind of application is that you don't have to give people many instructions. And you can inject these sounds into a sequence that you can assemble into the pattern that you want. You attach it to a particular sound and then tilt to adjust it. Video: (Music) DM: And now I'll attach the filter to the bass for some more expression. So the thought I want to leave you with is that we're on the cusp of this new generation of tools for interacting with digital media that are going to bring information into our world on our terms.","computer scientists wonder what if we could grasp information with both hands. if we could use a computer, we could grasp it physically, arranging it the way we wanted. we're on the cusp of a new generation of tools for interacting with digital media.","MIT grad student David Merrill demos Siftables -- cookie-sized, computerized tiles you can stack and shuffle in your hands. These future-toys can do math, play music, and talk to their friends, too. Is this the next thing in hands-on learning?"
390,"(Laughter) Yeah, people used to say, ""Norman's OK, but if you followed what he said, everything would be usable but it would be ugly."" This is neat. And I haven't the slightest idea of what it does or what it's good for, but I want it. And I can tell you stories about it, which makes it reflective, and so you'll see I have a theory of emotion. And if you look at the inside of the car -- I mean, I loved it, I wanted to see it, I rented it, this is me taking a picture while my son is driving -- and the inside of the car, the whole design is fun. But in fact, if that's how you always were you'd never get any work done because you'd be working along and say, ""Oh, I got a new way of doing it."" Most of what we do is subconscious. That's kind of what the teapot looks like but the way you use it is you lay it on its back, and you put tea in, and then you fill it with water. Cognition is about understanding the world, emotion is about interpreting it -- saying good, bad, safe, dangerous, and getting us ready to act, which is why the muscles tense or relax. And the third level is reflective, which is, if you like the superego, it's a little part of the brain that has no control over what you do, no control over the -- doesn't see the senses, doesn't control the muscles.",most of what we do is subconscious. the superego is a part of the brain that has no control over what you do. the superego is a little part of the brain that has no control over the senses.,"In this talk from 2003, design critic Don Norman turns his incisive eye toward beauty, fun, pleasure and emotion, as he looks at design that makes people happy. He names the three emotional cues that a well-designed product must hit to succeed."
391,"Or when you go to the supermarket and you're standing there in that huge aisle of different types of toilet papers, you don't take out your cell phone, and open a browser, and go to a website to try to decide which of these different toilet papers is the most ecologically responsible purchase to make. And in the video here we see my student Pranav Mistry, who's really the genius who's been implementing and designing this whole system. And we see how this system lets him walk up to any surface and start using his hands to interact with the information that is projected in front of him. And the camera basically tracks these four fingers and recognizes any gestures that he's making so he can just go to, for example, a map of Long Beach, zoom in and out, etc. Another even more important difference is that in mass production, this would not cost more tomorrow than today's cell phones and would actually not sort of be a bigger packaging -- could look a lot more stylish than this version that I'm wearing around my neck. But other than letting some of you live out your fantasy of looking as cool as Tom Cruise in ""Minority Report,"" the reason why we're really excited about this device is that it really can act as one of these sixth-sense devices that gives you relevant information about whatever is in front of you. Some of you may want the toilet paper with the most bleach in it rather than the most ecologically responsible choice. (Laughter) If he picks up a book in the bookstore, he can get an Amazon rating -- it gets projected right on the cover of the book. If he turns to a particular page, he finds an annotation by maybe an expert or a friend of ours that gives him a little bit of additional information about whatever is on that particular page. (Laughter) As you interact with someone at TED, maybe you can see a word cloud of the tags, the words that are associated with that person in their blog and personal web pages.",a TED student has created a system that lets him interact with information projected in front of him. the camera tracks his hands and recognizes any gestures that he's making. it's not going to cost more tomorrow than today's cell phones and would not be bigger packaging.,"This demo -- from Pattie Maes' lab at MIT, spearheaded by Pranav Mistry -- was the buzz of TED. It's a wearable device with a projector that paves the way for profound interaction with our environment. Imagine ""Minority Report"" and then some."
392,"I was speaking to a group of about 300 kids, ages six to eight, at a children's museum, and I brought with me a bag full of legs, similar to the kinds of things you see up here, and had them laid out on a table for the kids. (Laughter) And just like that, I went from being a woman that these kids would have been trained to see as ""disabled"" to somebody that had potential that their bodies didn't have yet. So at the time, it was my opportunity to put a call out to innovators outside the traditional medical prosthetic community to come bring their talent to the science and to the art of building legs. You don't look disabled."" It can transform the thing that might have made people fearful into something that invites them to look, and look a little longer, and maybe even understand. (Laughter) And then another pair of legs we collaborated on were these -- look like jellyfish legs, also polyurethane. Today, I have over a dozen pair of prosthetic legs that various people have made for me, and with them I have different negotiations of the terrain under my feet, and I can change my height -- I have a variable of five different heights. And I had these legs made a little over a year ago at Dorset Orthopedic in England and when I brought them home to Manhattan, my first night out on the town, I went to a very fancy party. Isn't it fun?"" (Laughter) (Applause) And the incredible thing was she really meant it.","""you don't look disabled"" is a call to innovators outside the traditional medical prosthetic community. prosthetic legs can invite people to look, and look a little longer, and maybe even understand. ""i have over a dozen pair of prosthetic legs that various people have made for me""","Athlete, actor and activist Aimee Mullins talks about her prosthetic legs -- she's got a dozen amazing pairs -- and the superpowers they grant her: speed, beauty, an extra 6 inches of height ... Quite simply, she redefines what the body can be."
393,"They're in a state of play. And social play is part of what we're about here today, and is a byproduct of the play scene. So what does play do for the brain? I think we've got a lot of learning to do. He had the expectations of his senatorial father and Washington, D.C. And although I think he certainly had the capacity for play -- because I do know something about that -- he wasn't as empowered, I think, as he now is by paying attention to what is his own passion and his own inner drive, which I think has its basis in all of us in our play history. But it doesn't have to be that way. (Applause) John Hockenberry: So it sounds to me like what you're saying is that there may be some temptation on the part of people to look at your work and go -- I think I've heard this, in my kind of pop psychological understanding of play, that somehow, the way animals and humans deal with play, is that it's some sort of rehearsal for adult activity. If you stop a cat from playing -- which you can do, and we've all seen how cats bat around stuff -- they're just as good predators as they would be if they hadn't played. So it's not just something you do in your spare time. SB: Well, I think the only way I know to do it is to have accumulated the advisers that I have who go from practitioners -- who can establish through improvisational play or clowning or whatever -- a state of play.","play is a byproduct of the play scene, and we've got a lot of learning to do, he says. he says he was not as empowered as he is now by paying attention to his own passion. he says people may be tempted to look at his work and go play as rehearsal for adult activity. he says play is not just something you do in your spare time.","A pioneer in research on play, Dr. Stuart Brown says humor, games, roughhousing, flirtation and fantasy are more than just fun. Plenty of play in childhood makes for happy, smart adults -- and keeping it up can make us smarter at any age."
394,"There is still a huge frustration that people have because we haven't got data on the web as data. So I want us now to think about not just two pieces of data being connected, or six like he did, but I want to think about a world where everybody has put data on the web and so virtually everything you can imagine is on the web and then calling that linked data. Second rule, if I take one of these HTTP names and I look it up and I do the web thing with it and I fetch the data using the HTTP protocol from the web, I will get back some data in a standard format which is kind of useful data that somebody might like to know about that thing, about that event. It's not just a root supplying a plant, but for each of those plants, whatever it is -- a presentation, an analysis, somebody's looking for patterns in the data -- they get to look at all the data and they get it connected together, and the really important thing about data is the more things you have to connect together, the more powerful it is. In fact, I'll just go into one area -- if you're looking at Alzheimer's, for example, drug discovery -- there is a whole lot of linked data which is just coming out because scientists in that field realize this is a great way of getting out of those silos, because they had their genomics data in one database in one building, and they had their protein data in another. Now if I go on like this, you'll think that all the data comes from huge institutions and has nothing to do with you. That's data. And that is what linked data is all about. So, we're at the stage now where we have to do this -- the people who think it's a great idea. And all the people -- and I think there's a lot of people at TED who do things because -- even though there's not an immediate return on the investment because it will only really pay off when everybody else has done it -- they'll do it because they're the sort of person who just does things which would be good if everybody else did them.",a lot of people at TED do things because they think it's a great idea. a lot of people at TED are the sort of person who just does things which would be good if everybody else did them. a lot of people at TED are the sort of person who just does things which would be good if everybody else did them.,"20 years ago, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. For his next project, he's building a web for open, linked data that could do for numbers what the Web did for words, pictures, video: unlock our data and reframe the way we use it together."
395,"I’m going around the world giving talks about Darwin, and usually what I’m talking about is Darwin’s strange inversion of reasoning. It stands to reason that we love chocolate cake because it is sweet. It is. And it’s a good thing that there isn’t, because if there were, then Mother Nature would have a problem: How on earth do you get chimps to mate? That’s all there is to it. What we see with, say, chocolate cake is it’s a supernormal stimulus to tweak our design wiring. But now, if babies didn’t look the way they do -- if babies looked like this, that’s what we would find adorable, that’s what we would find -- we would think, oh my goodness, do I ever want to hug that. But you have to think evolutionarily, you have to think, what hard job that has to be done -- it’s dirty work, somebody’s got to do it -- is so important to give us such a powerful, inbuilt reward for it when we succeed. Now, I think we've found the answer -- I and a few of my colleagues. And what we’re doing is we’re using humor as a sort of neuroscientific probe by switching humor on and off, by turning the knob on a joke -- now it’s not funny ... oh, now it’s funnier ... now we’ll turn a little bit more ... now it’s not funny -- in this way, we can actually learn something about the architecture of the brain, the functional architecture of the brain.","we love chocolate cake because it is sweet. it is. but if there were, Mother Nature would have a problem: how on earth do you get chimps to mate? if babies didn't look the way they do, that's what we would find adorable.","Why are babies cute? Why is cake sweet? Philosopher Dan Dennett has answers you wouldn't expect, as he shares evolution's counterintuitive reasoning on cute, sweet and sexy things (plus a new theory from Matthew Hurley on why jokes are funny)."
396,"And, you know, there's not much -- there wasn't much I could do, and they kept on doing what they were doing. And one of the most interesting lessons I learned was that there is an experimental method that if you have a question you can create a replica of this question in some abstract way, and you can try to examine this question, maybe learn something about the world. So that's what I did. And I would bring people to the lab and I would put their finger in it, and I would crunch it a little bit. And when I finished hurting people a little bit, I would ask them, so, how painful was this? If you were in the experiment, I would pass you a sheet of paper with 20 simple math problems that everybody could solve, but I wouldn't give you enough time. A third of the people we passed it to, they shredded it, they came to us and said, ""Mr. A third of the people, when they finished shredding the piece of paper, they came to us and said, ""Mr Experimenter, I solved X problems. So, what have we learned from this about cheating? But in fact, this is the situation we're all in all the time.","a third of the people in the experiment shredded a piece of paper. they came to us and said, ""Mr Experimenter, I solved X problems"" a third of the people who shredded the paper came to us and said, ""Mr Experimenter, I solved X problems""",Behavioral economist Dan Ariely studies the bugs in our moral code: the hidden reasons we think it's OK to cheat or steal (sometimes). Clever studies help make his point that we're predictably irrational -- and can be influenced in ways we can't grasp.
397,"And I thought to myself, wouldn't it be great if I had my own dodo skeleton? Russian nuclear launch key: The one on the top is the picture of the one I found on eBay; the one on the bottom is the one I made for myself, because I couldn't afford the one on eBay. But in this case, it's not about the author, it's not about the book or the movie or the story, it's about the object in and of itself. And then there is this fourth level, which is a whole new object in the world: the prop made for the movie, the representative of the thing, becomes, in its own right, a whole other thing, a whole new object of desire. I'd bought a replica, a really crappy replica, of the Maltese Falcon on eBay, and had downloaded enough pictures to actually have some reasonable reference. It was made out of resin, which wasn't a common material for movie props about the time the movie was made. It's funny to me that it took a while to authenticate it, because I can see it compared to this thing, and I can tell you -- it's real, it's the real thing, it's made from the exact same mold that this one is. But again, I am not a sculptor, and so I don't know a lot of the tricks, like, I don't know how my friend Mike gets beautiful, shiny surfaces with his Sculpey; I certainly wasn't able to get it. Now, the great thing about getting it to this point was that because in the movie, when they finally bring out the bird at the end, and they place it on the table, they actually spin it. And I can state with authority at this point in time, when I'd finished it, of all of the replicas out there -- and there is a few -- this is by far the most accurate representation of the original Maltese Falcon than anyone has sculpted.","a replica of the maltese Falcon was made out of resin, which wasn't a common material for movie props. it took a while to authenticate it, and it's the exact same mold that this one is. skeleton is the most accurate representation of the original maltese Falcon than anyone has sculpted.","Adam Savage talks about his fascination with the dodo bird, and how it led him on a strange and surprising double quest. It's an entertaining adventure through the mind of a creative obsessive."
398,"My work is so personal and so strange that I have to invent my own lexicon for it. So the Hindenburg wasn't, you know, it was inevitable it was going to go. The auto-gyro couldn't wait for the invention of the helicopter, but it should have -- it wasn't a big success. I do a lot of that. I did that as a quick back page -- I had like four hours to do a back page for an issue of the Lampoon, and I did that, and I thought, ""Well, I'm ashamed. It's the little old lady that lives in a shoe, and then this thing -- the title of that was, ""There Goes the Neighborhood."" I don't know a hell of a lot about fashion -- I was told to do what they call a Mary Jane, and then I got into this terrible fight between the art director and the editor saying: ""Put a strap on it"" -- ""No, don't put a strap on it"" -- ""Put a strap on it -- ""Don't put a strap on it"" -- because it obscures the logo and looks terrible and it's bad and -- I finally chickened out and did it for the sake of the authenticity of the shoe. This is a big joke. You can't see it all together, unfortunately, but if you look at it enough, you can sort of start to see how it actually starts to move. I would just like to add a crass commercial -- I have a kids' book coming out in the fall called ""Marvel Sandwiches,"" a compendium of all the serious play that ever was, and it’s going to be available in fine bookstores, crummy bookstores, tables on the street in October.","""there goes the neighborhood"" is a shoe that has a little old lady that lives in a shoe. ""i finally chickened out and did it for the sake of the authenticity of the shoe"" ""i have a kids' book coming out in the fall called ""Marvel Sandwiches""","Bruce McCall paints a retro-future that never happened -- full of flying cars, polo-playing tanks and the RMS Tyrannic, ""The Biggest Thing in All the World."" At Serious Play '08, he narrates a brisk and funny slideshow of his faux-nostalgic art."
399,"With the help of IIT, TERI, and learnings from NASA, we discovered that there are three basic green plants, common green plants, with which we can grow all the fresh air we need indoors to keep us healthy. Areca palm is a plant which removes CO2 and converts it into oxygen. We need four shoulder-high plants per person, and in terms of plant care, we need to wipe the leaves every day in Delhi, and perhaps once a week in cleaner-air cities. The third plant is money plant, and this is again a very common plant; preferably grows in hydroponics. With these three plants, you can grow all the fresh air you need. In fact, you could be in a bottle with a cap on top, and you would not die at all, and you would not need any fresh air. We have tried these plants at our own building in Delhi, which is a 50,000-square-feet, 20-year-old building. And the study showed that, compared to other buildings, there is a reduced incidence of eye irritation by 52 percent, respiratory systems by 34 percent, headaches by 24 percent, lung impairment by 12 percent and asthma by nine percent. It is also important for the environment, because the world's energy requirements are expected to grow by 30 percent in the next decade. 40 percent of the world's energy is taken up by buildings currently, and 60 percent of the world's population will be living in buildings in cities with a population of over one million in the next 15 years.",the world's energy requirements are expected to grow by 30 percent in the next decade. 40 percent of the world's energy is taken up by buildings currently. 60 percent of the world's population will be living in buildings in cities with a population of over one million.,"Researcher Kamal Meattle shows how an arrangement of three common houseplants, used in specific spots in a home or office building, can result in measurably cleaner indoor air."
400,"And you realize that there is incredible power in the wind, and it can do amazing things. But kites aren't just toys like this. And a fabulous man called Miles Loyd who lives on the outskirts of San Francisco, wrote this seminal paper that was completely ignored in the Journal of Energy about how to use basically an airplane on a piece of string to generate enormous amounts of electricity. And they can now span up to three hundred feet at the hub height, but they can't really go a lot higher, and more height is where the more wind is, and more power -- as much as twice as much. And Al Gore has spoken to why we need to hit one of these targets, and in reality what that means is in the next 30 to 40 years, we have to make 10 trillion watts or more of new clean energy somehow. And here we're actually generating about 10 kilowatts -- so, enough to power probably five United States households -- with a kite not much larger than this piano. So this is the equivalent for a kite flier of peeing in the snow -- that's tracing your name in the sky. And this is where we're actually going. If you give me a 747, I'll make six megawatts, which is more than the largest wind turbines today. With this factory and 100,000 planes a year, we could make all of America's electricity in about 10 years.","kites can span up to three hundred feet at the hub height, but they can't go a lot higher. john avlon: we have to make 10 trillion watts or more of new clean energy somehow. avlon: we could make all of America's electricity in about 10 years.","In this brief talk, Saul Griffith unveils the invention his new company Makani Power has been working on: giant kite turbines that create surprising amounts of clean, renewable energy."
401,"She said, ""I had two. My first dream was to be a doctor, and the second was to marry a good man who would stay with me and my family, because my mother was a single mom, and couldn't afford to pay for school fees. So I had to give up the first dream, and I focused on the second."" It wasn't organized in the way we often think of it. It was the humiliation and the embarrassment of it all."" She lives with all of that insecurity, and in fact, in January, during the ethnic riots, she was chased from her home and had to find a new shack in which she would live. So she has to give 10 percent of the mortgage -- of the total value, or about 400 dollars in savings. Do you think I'll miss not knowing if my children are going to come home at the end of the day?"" She said ""If you gave me 10 minutes my bags would be packed."" But if I think about it, I thought I wanted a husband, but what I really wanted was a family that was loving.",cnn's ireport.com: do you think I'll miss not knowing if my children are going to come home? ireport.com: do you want a family that is loving? ireport.com: do you want a family that is loving?,"Jacqueline Novogratz tells a moving story of  an encounter in a Nairobi slum with Jane, a former prostitute, whose dreams of escaping poverty, of becoming a doctor and of getting married were fulfilled in an unexpected way."
402,"But I'm going to pick the one that interests me most, and that is the completed marriage of the cell phone and the Internet. Is that you?"" This is me with a camcorder on a phone going like this. So what I mean is that you can start a call in your house in the Wi-Fi hotspot, you can get in your car and talk until the battery's dead -- which would be like 10 minutes -- (Laughter) And the call will continue to be free. (Laughter) I have two cell phones, so this going to be very odd, if it works. These are all the different things that you can text to Google and they will -- yeah! I'm like, ""What's the word that means you know, like, when the sun, the moon and the earth are, like, all in a line?"" What is this, 1975? (Laughter) So now I'm going to tell you how to get out of that. So you go and you type in your phone number, and at the exact minute where you want to be called -- (Laughter) And at that moment your phone will ring.",cnn's john sutter has a camcorder on a cell phone. he says you can start a call in your house in the wi-fi hotspot. you can get in your car and talk until the battery's dead.,"In this engaging talk from the EG'08 conference, New York Times tech columnist David Pogue rounds up some handy cell phone tools and services that can boost your productivity and lower your bills (and your blood pressure)."
403,"But they weren't satisfied when their own -- it would make the teacher feel that they had failed, or the youngster had failed. And another one I had was, not one word of profanity. I came up with a pyramid eventually, that I don't have the time to go on that. I think our tendency is to hope things will turn out the way we want them to much of the time, but we don't do the things that are necessary to make those things become reality. Not necessarily what you'd want them to be but they'll be about what they should; only you will know whether you can do that. I think that it is -- it's getting there. (Laughter) I've had some that could and wouldn't, and I've had some that would and could. Not the only one, but he was one that I used in that particular category, because I think he made the effort to become the best. I thought, ""Oh gracious, if these two players, either one of them"" -- they were different years, but I thought about each one at the time he was there -- ""Oh, if he ever makes the varsity, our varsity must be pretty miserable, if he's good enough to make it."" The next year, he was a starting player on the national championship team, and here I thought he'd never play a minute, when he was -- so those are the things that give you great joy, and great satisfaction to see.","donna brazile: we tend to hope things will turn out the way we want them to. but we don't do the things necessary to make those things become reality, she says. brazile: i think he made the effort to become the best.","With profound simplicity, Coach John Wooden redefines success and urges us all to pursue the best in ourselves. In this inspiring talk he shares the advice he gave his players at UCLA, quotes poetry and remembers his father's wisdom."
404,"If this virus was in thousands of individuals at this point, why was it the case that it took us until 1984 to be able to discover this virus? OK, so this is a picture, and I'm going to show you some pictures now from the field. One of the things I want you to note from it is blood -- that you see a tremendous amount of blood contact. And the basic objective of this work is not to just go out once and look at these individuals, but to establish thousands of individuals in these populations that we would monitor continuously on a regular basis. NW: OK, before I continue, I think it's important to take just a moment to talk about bush meat. When your children and grandchildren sort of pose questions to you about this period of time, one of the things they're gonna ask you, is how it was they we allowed some of our closest living relatives, some of the most valuable and endangered species on our planet, to go extinct because we weren't able to address some of the issues of poverty in these parts of the world. Bush meat is one of the central crises, which is occurring in our population right now, in humanity, on this planet. But the reason I like to show the shot is because you can see that he's about to solve this problem. And what we've found is that if you look in the right place, you can actually monitor the flow of these viruses into human populations. So it's not just hunters in Central Africa.","john sutter: it took us until 1984 to be able to discover this virus. sutter: the basic objective of this work is to establish thousands of individuals. he says we allowed some of the most valuable and endangered species to go extinct. sutter: if you look in the right place, you can actually monitor the flow of these viruses.",Virus hunter Nathan Wolfe is outwitting the next pandemic by staying two steps ahead: discovering deadly new viruses where they first emerge -- passing from animals to humans among poor subsistence hunters in Africa -- before they claim millions of lives.
405,"In those days, those days which exist for me only as the most elusive memory now, when often the first sound you'd hear in the morning would be a storm of birdsong, then the soft clop of the hooves of the horse hauling a milk wagon down your block, and the last sound at night as likely as not would be your father pulling up in his car, having worked late again, always late, and going heavily down to the cellar, to the furnace, to shake out the ashes and damp the draft before he came upstairs to fall into bed -- in those long-ago days, women, my mother, my friends' mothers, our neighbors, all the women I knew -- wore, often much of the day, what were called housedresses, cheap, printed, pulpy, seemingly purposefully shapeless light cotton shifts that you wore over your nightgown and, when you had to go look for a child, hang wash on the line, or run down to the grocery store on the corner, under a coat, the twisted hem of the nightgown always lank and yellowed, dangling beneath. More than the curlers some of the women seemed constantly to have in their hair in preparation for some great event -- a ball, one would think -- that never came to pass; more than the way most women's faces not only were never made up during the day, but seemed scraped, bleached, and, with their plucked eyebrows, scarily masklike; more than all that it was those dresses that made women so unknowable and forbidding, adepts of enigmas to which men could have no access, and boys no conception. In those days, one hid much else as well: grown men didn't embrace one another, unless someone had died, and not always then; you shook hands or, at a ball game, thumped your friend's back and exchanged blows meant to be codes for affection; once out of childhood you'd never again know the shock of your father's whiskers on your cheek, not until mores at last had evolved, and you could hug another man, then hold on for a moment, then even kiss (your fathers bristles white and stiff now). (Applause) This is another longish one, about the old and the young. My seeing her, it wasn't her, at the mailbox. She wouldn't have wanted me to, I would think. A student, a young woman in a fourth-floor hallway of her lycee, perched on the ledge of an open window chatting with friends between classes; a teacher passes and chides her, ""Be careful, you might fall,"" almost banteringly chides her, ""You might fall,"" and the young woman, 18, a girl really, though she wouldn't think that, as brilliant as she is, first in her class, and ""Beautiful, too,"" she's often told, smiles back, and leans into the open window, which wouldn't even be open if it were winter -- if it were winter someone would have closed it (""Close it!"") A casual impulse, a fancy, never thought of until now, hardly thought of even now ... No, more than impulse or fancy, the girl knows what she's doing, the girl means something, the girl means to mean, because it occurs to her in that instant, that beautiful or not, bright yes or no, she's not who she is, she's not the person she is, and the reason, she suddenly knows, is that there's been so much premeditation where she is, so much plotting and planning, there's hardly a person where she is, or if there is, it's not her, or not wholly her, it's a self inhabited, lived in by her, and seemingly even as she thinks it she knows what's been missing: grace, not premeditation but grace, a kind of being in the world spontaneously, with grace. But it was like sex, you didn't have to be told. How she incarnates our desperate human need for regard, our passion to live in beauty, to be beauty, to be cherished by glances, if by no more, of something like love, or love.","bob greene: in those days, women wore what were called housedresses, often much of the day. greene: housedresses made women so unknowable and forbidding, adepts of enigmas. he says men didn't embrace one another, unless someone had died, and not always then. greene: today, if you're a woman, you'll be able to hug another, hold on for a moment, kiss.","Poet C.K. Williams reads his work at TED2001. As he colors scenes of childhood resentments, college loves, odd neighbors and the literal death of youth, he reminds us of the unique challenges of living."
406,"So what can we do? I thought ""Oh my God, maybe I can do the same with these boring newspapers."" But it's not only about the front page. And design is responsible for this experience. You can see on a graph, after years of stagnation, the paper started to grow, just after redesign. Design was just a part of the process. But soon they realized that this is the new role of designer: to be in this process from the very beginning to the very end. The first lesson is about that design can change not just your product. It can even change you. You can work for a small company, in a boring branch.","bob greene: design is responsible for newspapers' growth, but it's not just about front page. he says design can change not just your product, it can even change you. he says you can work for a small company, in a boring branch.","Jacek Utko is an extraordinary Polish newspaper designer whose redesigns for papers in Eastern Europe not only win awards, but increase circulation by up to 100%. Can good design save the newspaper? It just might."
407,"In this picture you can see there is a four-way skydive, four people flying together, and on the left hand side it's the camera flier with the camera mounted to his helmet so he can film the whole jump, for the film itself and also for the judging. Wingsuit flying is a suit, that I can make fly, just only with my body. From there with all the skills and knowledge from paragliding and all the different disciplines in skydiving, I went on to BASE jumping. 2005 I did a BASE jump from the Eiger, from the Monk and from the Jungfrau, three very famous mountains in Switzerland. So with some friends we started to do different tricks, like for example this jump here, I jumped from a paraglider. The first one, I want to set a world record in flying from a cliff with my wingsuit. So now, on the following movie you will see that I'm much better in flying a wingsuit than speaking in English. (Laughter) It's not possible to land a wingsuit yet. Do people come to you with projects and say, ""We want you to do this!"" Some people have crazy ideas and -- (Laughter) JC: ...a round of applause... (Applause) UE: Thank you very much.","cnn's jonathan mccarthy filmed a four-way skydive in 2005. mccarthy wanted to set a world record in flying from a cliff with his wingsuit. mccarthy: ""it's not possible to land a wingsuit yet""","Wingsuit jumping is the leading edge of extreme sports -- an exhilarating feat of almost unbelievable daring, where skydivers soar through canyons at over 100MPH. Ueli Gegenschatz talks about how (and why) he does it, and shows jawdropping film."
408,"So looking at their three main markets for their product which were basically transportation design, interiors and furniture, we came up with the solution of taking an old Airstream trailer and gutting it, and trying to portray laminate, and a trailer, in kind of a fresh, new contemporary look. That seemed really like a crisis to me, that they had never been able to develop a vocabulary about escape, and about travel, and modernity in this trailer that was consistent with the shell. We really needed to do some archeology in the trailer itself to figure out what's authentic in an Airstream trailer, and what feels like it has true purpose and utility. The biggest difficulty on one of these trailers is that when you're designing there's actually no logical place to stop and start materials because of the continuous form of the trailer. What I had to devise was a way of fooling the eye into believing that all these panels are curved with the shell. What I came up with was a series of second skins that basically float over the aluminum shell. And what I was trying to do there was direct your eye in the space, so that you would perceive the geometry in a different way, and that the casework wouldn't break up the space. Trailer number two, you have a blank slate, you can to anything you want. They came to me and said, ""Well, what can we do to freshen this thing up? So the problem became -- and they set this dilemma to me -- that you have to design the interior using only our existing technology, and there's no money for tooling or molding.","an old Airstream trailer was gutted to give it a fresh, new contemporary look. a series of second skins float over the aluminum shell, fooling the eye into thinking it's curved with the shell. the interior is done using only our existing technology, and there's no money for tooling or molding.","In this low-key, image-packed talk from 2002, designer Christopher C. Deam talks about his makeover of an American classic: the Airstream travel trailer."
409,"What we're going to do is actually just flash a series of photos behind me that show you the reality of robots used in war right now or already at the prototype stage. We now have 5,300. One of the people that I recently met with was an Air Force three-star general, and he said basically, where we're headed very soon is tens of thousands of robots operating in our conflicts, and these numbers matter, because we're not just talking about tens of thousands of today's robots, but tens of thousands of these prototypes and tomorrow's robots, because of course, one of the things that's operating in technology is Moore's Law, that you can pack in more and more computing power into those robots, and so flash forward around 25 years, if Moore's Law holds true, those robots will be close to a billion times more powerful in their computing than today. I've spent the last several years going around meeting with all the players in this field, from the robot scientists to the science fiction authors who inspired them to the 19-year-old drone pilots who are fighting from Nevada, to the four-star generals who command them, to even the Iraqi insurgents who they are targeting and what they think about our systems, and what I found interesting is not just their stories, but how their experiences point to these ripple effects that are going outwards in our society, in our law and our ethics, etc. So the first is that the future of war, even a robotics one, is not going to be purely an American one. And now we have the fact that we're converting more and more of our American soldiers that we would send into harm's way into machines, and so we may take those already lowering bars to war and drop them to the ground. The typical one that I was sent was an email that had an attachment of video of a Predator strike taking out an enemy site. But we have to remember, these are just the clips. They see an 80-year-old grandmother in a wheelchair the same way they see a T-80 tank: they're both just a series of zeroes and ones. Now, I could be wrong on this, and one Pentagon robot scientist told me that I was.","john avlon: we're going to have 5,300 robots used in war right now or at prototype stage. avlon: the future of war, even a robotics one, is not going to be purely an american one. avlon: we're converting more and more of our american soldiers into machines. avlon: we're going to have more and more robots, and we're going to have more of them.","In this powerful talk, P.W. Singer shows how the widespread use of robots in war is changing the realities of combat. He shows us scenarios straight out of science fiction -- that now may not be so fictitious."
410,"And that ends with a little clip of my father, of Lou, talking about something that is very dear to him, which is the accidents of life. It is the capital of the country, and it took 23 years to build, which is something they seem to be very proud of over there. The building was finished in 1983. Think about that when you see that building, that sometimes the things we strive for so hard in life we never get to see finished. And that really struck me about my father, in the sense that he had such belief that somehow, doing these things giving in the way that he gave, that something good would come out of it, even in the middle of a war, there was a war with Pakistan at one point, and the construction stopped totally and he kept working, because he felt, ""Well when the war is done they'll need this building."" You know he'd be in the office till three in the morning working with us and there was this kind of sense of the nomad in him. In that way it is so relevant. He paid his life for this, and that is why he is great and we'll remember him. In social aspect of his life he was just like a child, he was not at all matured. You see, only that way you can be able to understand him.","cnn's john sutter recalls his father's belief that something good would come out of his work. sutter: ""he paid his life for this, and that is why he is great and we'll remember him"" ""in social aspect of his life he was just like a child, he was not at all matured""","Nathaniel Kahn shares clips from his documentary ""My Architect,"" about his quest to understand his father, the legendary architect Louis Kahn. It's a film with meaning to anyone who seeks to understand the relationship between art and love."
411,"What I'm going to try to do is explain to you quickly how to predict, and illustrate it with some predictions about what Iran is going to do in the next couple of years. In order to look out for what's best for them or what they think is best for them, people have values -- they identify what they want, and what they don't want. Now in order to work out what people are going to do to pursue their interests, we have to think about who has influence in the world. If we're looking at Iran, the president of the United States we would like to think, may have some influence -- certainly the president in Iran has some influence -- but we make a mistake if we just pay attention to the person at the top of the power ladder because that person doesn't know much about Iran, or about energy policy, or about health care, or about any particular policy. There are lots of people shaping decisions and so if we want to predict correctly we have to pay attention to everybody who is trying to shape the outcome, not just the people at the pinnacle of the decision-making pyramid. We need to know what they say they want, not what they want in their heart of hearts, not what they think they can get, but what they say they want, because that is a strategically chosen position, and we can work backwards from that to draw inferences about important features of their decision-making. So with just that little bit of input we can work out what the choices are that people have, what the chances are that they're willing to take, what they're after, what they value, what they want, and what they believe about other people. How they got to where they are may be important in shaping the input information, but once we know where they are we're worried about where they're going to be headed in the future. If they don't know, who are the people trying to influence the decision, how much clout do they have, how much they care about this issue, and what do they say they want, are they experts? BBM: Well, people of Iran, this is what many of you are going to evolve to want, and we could get there a lot sooner, and you would suffer a lot less trouble from economic sanctions, and we would suffer a lot less fear of the use of military force on our end, and the world would be a better place.","john avlon: people have values, they identify what they want, and what they don't want. avlon: we make a mistake if we pay attention to the person at the top of the power ladder. avlon: we need to know what they say they want, not what they think they can get.","Bruce Bueno de Mesquita uses mathematical analysis to predict (very often correctly) such messy human events as war, political power shifts, Intifada ... After a crisp explanation of how he does it, he offers three predictions on the future of Iran."
412,"I know you guys think of yourself as humans, and this is sort of how I think of you. There's about a trillion human cells that make each one of us who we are and able to do all the things that we do. So there's all kinds of bacteria on the earth that have no business being in you or on you at any time, and if they are, they make you incredibly sick. And what we figured out is that the way they do that is they talk to each other, and they talk with a chemical language. But what it does do is to make and secrete small molecules that you can think of like hormones, and these are the red triangles. (Laughter) But then if you think about it, this squid has this terrible problem, because it's got this dying, thick culture of bacteria, and it can't sustain that. Why this is interesting is because in the past decade, we have found that this is not just some anomaly of this ridiculous, glow-in-the-dark bacterium that lives in the ocean -- all bacteria have systems like this. But what they do, we now understand, is they get in you, they wait, they start growing, they count themselves with these little molecules, and they recognize when they have the right cell number that if all of the bacteria launch their virulence attack together, they're going to be successful at overcoming an enormous host. They all have a species-specific system, they have a molecule that says ""me."" What I hope you think is that bacteria can talk to each other, they use chemicals as their words, they have an incredibly complicated chemical lexicon that we're just now starting to learn about.","a trillion human cells make each of us who we are and able to do all the things that we do. bacteria talk to each other, use chemicals as their words, and have an incredibly complicated chemical lexicon. squid has this terrible problem because it's got this dying, thick culture of bacteria.","Bonnie Bassler discovered that bacteria ""talk"" to each other, using a chemical language that lets them coordinate defense and mount attacks. The find has stunning implications for medicine, industry -- and our understanding of ourselves."
413,"(Laughter) I didn't know I was a narcissist actually. You know, because -- and by the way to I was so grateful to Dean Kamen for pointing out that one of the reasons, that there are cultural reasons that women and minorities don't enter the fields of science and technology -- because for instance, the reason I don't do math is, I was taught to do math and read at the same time. (Laughter) I don't know how many of you have read it. I think you can make fun of the have but not the have-nots, which is why you don't see me making fun of Kenneth Lay and his charming wife. And so was humor. You know? And I was sort of, as I was starting to analyze what exactly it is that I do, I read a book called ""Trickster Makes This World,"" by Lewis Hyde. And I said, ""Well, that's how you know only stupid people go into it."" (Laughter) But here's how I think I like to make change, and that is in making connections. I like to think of what I do as a probability wave.","narcissist: ""i didn't know i was a narcissist actually"" ""i think you can make fun of the have but not the have-nots"" ""i like to think of what i do as a probability wave""","Philosopher-comedian Emily Levine talks (hilariously) about science, math, society and the way everything connects. She's a brilliant trickster, poking holes in our fixed ideas and bringing hidden truths to light. Settle in and let her ping your brain."
414,"What I wanted to talk to you about today is two things: one, the rise of a culture of availability; and two, a request. Although you can see the gentleman up on the right is busting him. But the guy, here, on the right, he's doing the stretch. (Laughter) Nothing says ""I love you"" like ""Let me find somebody else I give a damn about."" What this is doing is, we find a -- (Laughter) a direct collision -- we find a direct collision between availability -- and what's possible through availability -- and a fundamental human need -- which we've been hearing about a lot, actually -- the need to create shared narratives. We're very good at creating personal narratives, but it's the shared narratives that make us a culture. And when you're standing with someone, and you're on your mobile device, effectively what you're saying to them is, ""You are not as important as, literally, almost anything that could come to me through this device."" There might be somebody on one right now, participating in multi-dimensional engagement. This one I love. The stories that we tell -- what we push out -- becomes who we are.","we find a direct collision between availability and a need to create shared narratives. we're very good at creating personal narratives, but it's the shared narratives that make us a culture. ""the stories that we tell -- what we push out -- becomes who we are""","In this funny (and actually poignant) 3-minute talk, social strategist Renny Gleeson breaks down our always-on social world -- where the experience we're having right now is less interesting than what we'll tweet about it later."
415,"And then sort of through a process of wandering around, I got to the thought that actually if you could convert an entire country to electric cars, in a way that is convenient and affordable, you could get to a solution. The thought that came to mind is that it needs to be as good as any car that you would have today. How do you do it within the economics that we have today? If you park your car and didn't plug in the heater, when you come back you don't have a car. First he let me go to the prime minister of the country, who told me, if you can find the money you need for this network, 200 million dollars, and if you can find a car company that will build that car in mass volume, in two million cars -- that's what we needed in Israel -- I'll give you country to invest the 200 million into. As we stared scaling it up we looked at what is the problem to come up to the U.S.? By 2015 we would have had at least 250 million new cars even at the pace we're going at right now. The business model in which the money that is actually coming in, to drive the car -- the minutes, the miles if you want, that you are all familiar with -- subsidize the price of the car, just like cellphones. And those are not 20 percent by 2020. And we need to do it not within 20 years or 50 years, but within this presidential term because if we don't, we will lose our economy, right after we'd lost our morality.","by 2015 we would have 250 million new cars even at the pace we're going at right now. if we don't, we will lose our economy, right after we'd lost our morality. if we don't, we will lose our economy, right after we'd lost our morality.","Forget about the hybrid auto -- Shai Agassi says it's electric cars or bust if we want to impact emissions. His company, Better Place, has a radical plan to take entire countries oil-free by 2020."
416,"The future of life, where the unraveling of our biology -- and bring up the lights a little bit. And yet, I don't really think it is because when it comes down to it, it's this larger trajectory that is really what is going to remain -- what people in the future are going to remember about this period. So it's not surprising that some people would wonder whether maybe 30 or 40 years from now, we'll look back at this instant in time, and all of the sort of talk about the Human Genome Project, and what all this is going to mean to us -- well, it will really mean precious little. Because when we talk about our genetics and our biology, and modifying and altering and adjusting these things, we're talking about changing ourselves. And look around you and know that what we really care about is that little bit of difference. And if you don't, who are you going to be? But when something is feasible in thousands of laboratories all over the world, which is going to be the case with these technologies, when there are large numbers of people who see them as beneficial, which is already the case, and when they're almost impossible to police, it's not a question of if this is going to happen, it's when and where and how it's going to happen. In the midst of all this amazing technology, and all these things that are occurring, it's really interesting because there is sort of a counter-revolution that is going on: a resurgence of interest in remedies from the past, in nutraceuticals, in all of these sorts of things that some people, in the pharmaceutical industry particularly, like to brand as non-science. And what's extraordinary is that we're not just observing this, we are the architects of this. It's our health, it's our lives, it's our future, it's our children.","a resurgence of interest in remedies from the past, in nutraceuticals, says nicolaus mills. mills: it's not a question of if this is going to happen, it's when and where it's going to happen. mills: we're not just observing this, we are the architects of this. mills: we're not just observing this, we are the architects of this.","In this prophetic 2003 talk -- just days before Dolly the sheep was stuffed -- biotech ethicist Gregory Stock looked forward to new, more meaningful (and controversial) technologies, like customizable babies, whose adoption might drive human evolution."
417,"Imagine if a team of surgeons could fly into the brain, as though it was a world, and see tissues as landscapes, and hear blood density levels as music. This is some of the research that you're going to see that we're undertaking at the AlloSphere. And our engineering colleagues are making one of the largest dynamically varying computers in the world for this kind of data exploration. I'm going to fly you into five research projects in the AlloSphere that are going to take you from biological macroscopic data all the way down to electron spin. The brain now a world that we can fly through and interact with. You see 12 intelligent computer agents, the little rectangles that are flying in the brain with you. We're going to move now from the biological and the macroscopic world, down into the atomic world, as we fly into a lattice of atoms. You see the electron flow with the streamlines we as artists have generated for the scientists. We're going to actually move even further down as we go from this lattice of atoms to one single hydrogen atom. You're actually seeing and hearing quantum information flow.","a team of surgeons could fly into the brain, as though it was a world, and see tissues as landscapes. we're going to move from the biological and the macroscopic world, down into the atomic world. we're going to actually move even further down as we go from lattice of atoms to one single hydrogen atom.","JoAnn Kuchera-Morin demos the AlloSphere, a new way to see, hear and interpret scientific data. Dive into the brain, feel electron spin, hear the music of the elements ... and detect previously unseen patterns that could lead to new discoveries."
418,"And the turnaround in swimming came when a friend of mine said, ""I will go a year without any stimulants"" -- this is a six-double-espresso-per-day type of guy -- ""if you can complete a one kilometer open water race."" So here are the new rules of swimming, if any of you are afraid of swimming, or not good at it. That's it. My first evening, before my first day of school, I said to my mother, very politely, ""Please wake me up at eight a.m."" So, (Japanese) But I didn't say (Japanese). And so on. Ended up doing translation work at age 16 when I returned to the U.S., and have continued to apply this material over method approach to close to a dozen languages now. So you can have -- and you can do it in a very small space in fact. One of the most elegant dancers of his generation, known for his long steps, and his tempo changes and his pivots. I couldn't develop the attributes in my toes, the strength in my feet, to do that. And if any of you are interested in that, I would love to speak with you.","a friend of mine said, ""i will go a year without any stimulants"" if you can complete a one kilometer open water race. ""i couldn't develop the attributes in my toes, the strength in my feet,"" he says.","From the EG conference: Productivity guru Tim Ferriss' fun, encouraging anecdotes show how one simple question -- ""What's the worst that could happen?"" -- is all you need to learn to do anything."
419,"There are nine, sort of, rules that I discovered after 35 years of rock climbing. The most friction you have is when you first put your hand or your foot on the rock. Don't do it. The interesting thing about this climb is it's not that hard. Beginning guys, it's like, they thrash, they thrash, they get 15 feet up -- and they can do about 15 pull-ups right -- And then they just flame out. Women are much more in balance because they don't have that idea that they're going to be able to do 100 pull-ups. They think about how to get the weight over their feet because it's sort of natural -- they carry you all day long. And of course there is rule number nine. I came up with rule number nine after I actually didn't plan for a fall, and went about 40 feet and cracked a rib. Once you get to that point where you know it's going to happen, you need to start thinking about how you're going to let go because that is the critical piece of not getting hurt -- how you're going to fall onto the rope, or if you're climbing without a rope, fall to a place where you can actually control the fall.","the most friction you have is when you first put your hand or your foot on the rock. rule number nine: don't fall onto the rope, or if you're climbing without a rope, fall to a place where you can control the fall.","In this talk from TED University 2009, veteran rock climber Matthew Childs shares nine pointers for rock climbing. These handy tips bear on an effective life at sea level, too."
420,"And it's a project that we've actually been now joined by hundreds of people around the world, who are doing it with us. It's also a project that in a very beautiful way, the development of this has actually paralleled the evolution of life on earth, which is a particularly lovely thing to be saying right here in February 2009 -- which, as one of our previous speakers told us, is the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles Darwin. And the people in Chicago made a reef of their own. And the only way that mathematicians know how to model this structure is with crochet. But what she was doing was actually making a model of a mathematical structure, that many mathematicians had thought it was actually impossible to model. So what is this impossible hyperbolic structure? To a mathematician if there are two answers, and the first two are zero and one, there is another number that immediately suggests itself as the third alternative. This is what it looks like. And so in some sense they literally, they had such a symbolic view of mathematics, they couldn't actually see what was going on on the lettuce in front of them. One of the ways that we've come to think about this is that what we're trying to do with the Institute for Figuring and projects like this, we're trying to have kindergarten for grown-ups.",hundreds of people around the world are doing this project with us. it's a project that parallels the evolution of life on earth. the only way mathematicians know how to model this structure is with crochet.,"Margaret Wertheim leads a project to re-create the creatures of the coral reefs using a crochet technique invented by a mathematician -- celebrating the amazements of the reef, and deep-diving into the hyperbolic geometry underlying coral creation."
421,"The product was that airplane. So I had to give up the approach of drawing the fantasy shapes and convert it to technical drawings -- the shape of the wing, the shape of the fuselage and so on -- and build an airplane over these drawings that I knew followed some of the principles of flying. And it had, once it was in the air, some of this romance that I was in love with. And the loose ideas had something to do with what I knew happened with people in the office, at the work place -- people who worked, and used task seating, a great many of them sitting in front of a computer all day long. So I took the approach that the chair should do as much for them as humanly possible or as mechanistically possible so that they didn't have to fuss with it. So that if you sit down on my chair, whether you're five feet tall or six foot six, it always deals with your weight and transfers the amount of force required to recline in a way that you don't have to look for something to adjust. (Laughter) So he said, ""Well I'll come over and look at it."" And the more you can recline, in a way, the better it is. The more the angle between here and here opens up -- and nowadays, with a screen in front of you, you don't want to have your eye drop too far in the recline, so we keep it at more or less the same level -- but you transfer weight off your tailbones. But to do that, if you have any amount of recline, it gets to the point where you need a headrest because nearly always, automatically hold your head in a vertical position, see?","the more you can recline, in a way, the better it is. the more the angle between here and here opens up, the better it is. the more you can recline, in a way, the better it is.",Design legend Niels Diffrient talks about his life in industrial design (and the reason he became a designer instead of a jet pilot). He details his quest to completely rethink the office chair starting from one fundamental data set: the human body.
422,"But there is also this part of the country, kind of in the middle region here. And we think people like this probably don't want to vote for people who look like this and are named Barack Obama. Actually we didn't ask them, but when they conducted exit polls in every state, in 37 states, out of the 50, they asked a question, that was pretty direct, about race. So you see big differences in different parts of the country on this question. You kind of see the relationship between the redder states of where more people responded and said, ""Yes, Barack Obama's race was a problem for me."" And so we can look at a bunch of different variables. And there are a couple of these that have strong predictive relationships, one of which is education, where you see the states with the fewest years of schooling per adult are in red, and you see this part of the country, the kind of Appalachians region, is less educated. So it's the combination of these two things: it's education and the type of neighbors that you have, which we'll talk about more in a moment. So what we're going to do now is take the white people in the survey and split them between those who have black neighbors -- or, really, some neighbor of another race -- and people who have only white neighbors. And even some questions about race -- for example affirmative action, which is kind of a political question, a policy question about race, if you will -- not much difference here.","in 37 states, out of the 50, they asked a question about race. john avlon: you see big differences in different parts of the country on this question. he says education and type of neighbors have strong predictive relationships. avlon: we'll talk about more in a moment.","Nate Silver has data that answers big questions about race in politics. For instance, in the 2008 presidential race, did Obama's skin color actually keep him from getting votes in some parts of the country? Stats and myths collide in this fascinating talk that ends with a remarkable insight."
423,"And in that time we prototyped and built, in about three days, a system that would allow anybody with a mobile phone to send in information and reports on what was happening around them. It was a mash-up that used data that we collected from people, and we put it on our map. We needed to take what we had built and create a platform out of it so that it could be used elsewhere in the world. And so there is a team of developers from all over Africa, who are part of this team now -- from Ghana, from Malawi, from Kenya. And so we build for it in Africa first and then we move to the edges. We're seeing this in events like Mumbai recently, where it's so much easier to report now than it is to consume it. There is so much information; what do you do? So what we find is that there is this great deal of wasted crisis information because there is just too much information for us to actually do anything with right now. How do we deal with that information that is coming in? This is the kind of innovation that is, quite frankly -- it's interesting that it's coming from Africa.","a team of developers from all over africa are part of this team. they build for it in Africa first and then we move to the edges. there is a great deal of wasted crisis information, they say.","At TEDU 2009, Erik Hersman presents the remarkable story of Ushahidi, a GoogleMap mashup that allowed Kenyans to report and track violence via cell phone texts following the 2008 elections, and has evolved to continue saving lives in other countries."
424,"These are, most of these are from a monthly page I do in and architecture and design magazine called Metropolis. And the first story is called ""The Faulty Switch."" (Laughter) This sound colors our first impression of any room; it can't be helped. The sound made flicking a wall switch off is of a completely different nature. Children don't like it. That's the end of that. So buried in signage are these structures, that it often takes a moment to distinguish the modern specially constructed taxpayer from its neighbor: the small commercial building from an earlier century, whose upper floors have been sealed, and whose groundfloor space now functions as a taxpayer. (Laughter) And the next story is called, ""On the Human Lap."" You were late for school again this morning. On a crowded bus there was always a lap to sit on.","""on the human lap,"" ""on the human lap,"" ""on the crowded bus"" are some of my favorite stories. the first story is called ""The Faulty Switch,"" ""the sound made flicking a wall switch off"" the next story is called, ""On the Human Lap""","In this captivating talk from the TED archive, cartoonist Ben Katchor reads from his comic strips. These perceptive, surreal stories find the profound hopes and foibles of history (and modern New York) preserved in objects like light switches and signs."
425,"Now all of this has been tremendous for the world. Now this is not new. But what is new is that the greater function of ideas is going to drive growth even more than ever before. But in this century China is coming on line. This is China. Now think what this means. We need a greater demand for ideas -- those larger markets I was talking about earlier -- and a greater supply of ideas for the world. 1500 to 1800: maybe a little bit of economic growth, but less in a century than you expect to see in a year today. Now let's imagine that you were an economist in 1929, trying to forecast future growth for the United States, not knowing that the economy was about to go off a cliff, not knowing that we were about to enter the greatest economic disaster certainly in the 20th century. (Laughter) And there is some truth to this, in the sense that we have something of a finite resource, and increased growth is going to push up demand for that.","david frum: in this century China is coming on line. we need a greater demand for ideas. he says we have something of a finite resource, and increased growth is going to push up demand. frum: we need a greater supply of ideas for the world. we need a greater supply of ideas.","The ""dismal science"" truly shines in this optimistic talk, as economist Alex Tabarrok argues free trade and globalization are shaping our once-divided world into a community of idea-sharing more healthy, happy and prosperous than anyone's predictions."
426,"It's all about change. And so they also account for development of defective processing in a substantial population of children who are more limited, as a consequence, in their language abilities at an older age. You can look down in the brain of an animal that's engaged in a specific skill, and you can witness or document this change on a variety of levels. Monkey has like you have. Think about the changes that occur in the brain of a child through the course of acquiring their movement behavior abilities in general. We now have a large body of literature that demonstrates that the fundamental problem that occurs in the majority of children that have early language impairments, and that are going to struggle to learn to read, is that their language processor is created in a defective form. And the native language for a child with such a brain is degraded. A way to think about this is you can actually re-refine the processing capacity of the machinery by changing it. This is from about 3,000 children. You can see that most of the children on the left side of the distribution are moving into the middle or the right.",children with early language impairments have a defective language processor. re-refine the processing capacity of the machinery by changing it. monkey has like you have.,Neuroscientist Michael Merzenich looks at one of the secrets of the brain's incredible power: its ability to actively re-wire itself. He's researching ways to harness the brain's plasticity to enhance our skills and recover lost function.
427,"And of course, we know it's all because of the -- all the ... Well, I don't know how else to say it to you, so I'll just say it my way: the ganeyvish schticklich coming from the governments and the, you know, the bankers and the Wall Street. You know it. Thank you for all that you do. And I'm just -- I'm so thrilled to be part of like your TED conference that you're doing and everything like that. I'm just trying not to be nervous because this is a very wonderful experience for me and everything. You know, like even, I mean I love like the name, the -- TED. I mean I know it's a real person and everything, but I'm just saying that like, you know, I think it's very cool how it's also an acronym, you know, which is like, you know, is like very high concept and everything like that. I like that. And if everybody, like all people really had access to that, it would be a very different world out there, as I know you know. But when Sarah Jones asked me to please come to TED, I said, well, you know, first, I don't know that, you know -- before two years ago, you would not find me in front of an audience of people, much less like this because I did not like to give speeches because I feel that, as an immigrant, I do not have good English skills for speaking.","john sutter: i'm so thrilled to be part of your TED conference. sutter: if everybody had access to that, it would be a very different world out there. sutter: as an immigrant, i feel that, as an immigrant, i do not have good english skills for speaking.","In this hilariously lively performance, actress Sarah Jones channels an opinionated elderly Jewish woman, a fast-talking Dominican college student and more, giving TED2009 just a sample of her spectacular character range."
428,"But we're now up to 55 countries in the world, have had this virus emerge, in either birds, or people or both. It's not going to do us very much good in a global pandemic. Most of these people don't actually know what their job will be. Most local facilities would all be competing to try and get their hands on their piece of the federal stockpile of a drug called Tamiflu, which may or may not be helpful -- I'll get into that -- of available vaccines, and any other treatments, and masks, and anything that's been stockpiled. Can we figure out a way, since we know we won't have enough masks because we don't make them in America anymore, they're all made in China -- do we need N95? And then you're on your own because the pandemic is going to last for 18 to 24 months. But I guess the other thing to add is, if you do have employees, and you do have a company, I think you have certain responsibilities to demonstrate that you are thinking ahead for them, and you are trying to plan. But we're not there. But we don't really know. But it turns out that in 1918 that was not the case at all.","gene seymour: we're up to 55 countries in the world, have had this virus emerge. he says it's not going to do us very much good in a global pandemic. seymour: most local facilities would all be competing to try and get their piece of stockpile. he says it turns out in 1918 that was not the case at all.","In 2007, as the world worried about a possible avian flu epidemic, Laurie Garrett, author of ""The Coming Plague,"" gave this powerful talk to a small TED University audience. Her insights from past pandemics are suddenly more relevant than ever."
429,"And I promised to come back and give you an update on how that machine worked. So this is it. On the 10th of September last year we turned the machine on for the first time. And this picture was taken by ATLAS. Now the engineers amongst you will look at them and say, ""No they don't. In one of the joints between over 9,000 magnets in LHC, there was a manufacturing defect. We had to take them out, which we did. They're all on their way back underground now. We will switch it on, and we expect to take data in June or July, and continue with our quest to find out what the building blocks of the universe are. I will leave the final word to an English scientist, Humphrey Davy, who, I suspect, when defending his protege's useless experiments -- his protege was Michael Faraday -- said this, ""Nothing is so dangerous to the progress of the human mind than to assume that our views of science are ultimate, that there are no mysteries in nature, that our triumphs are complete, and that there are no new worlds to conquer.""","john sutter: atLAS turned on a machine that had a manufacturing defect. sutter: we expect to take data in June or July, and continue with our quest. he says it's dangerous to assume our views of science are ultimate, that there are no mysteries in nature. sutter: if you want to know more, you need to go to www.atlas.org.","In this short talk from TED U 2009, Brian Cox shares what's new with the CERN supercollider. He covers the repairs now underway and what the future holds for the largest science experiment ever attempted."
430,"If we can get enough of these streams of information together, we can perhaps start to understand the war. So this is exactly what I did. It's all in the streams of information we consume daily, we just have to know how to pull it out. What if we were to look at the distribution of the sizes of attacks? And you can see here on the horizontal axis you've got the number of people killed in an attack or the size of the attack. We looked around the world at all the data we could get our hands on. So what? So what's going on? Either we're back where we started and the surge has had no effect; or finally the groups have been fragmented to the extent that we can start to think about maybe moving out. I don't know what the answer is to that.","bob greene: if we can get enough of these streams of information together, we can perhaps start to understand the war. he says we looked around the world at all the data we could get our hands on. greene: either we're back where we started and the surge has had no effect.","By analyzing raw data on violent incidents in the Iraq war and others, Sean Gourley and his team claim to have found a surprisingly strong mathematical relationship linking the fatality and frequency of attacks."
431,"But I think it does matter which way we go and what road we take, because when I think about design in the near future, what I think are the most important issues, what's really crucial and vital, is that we need to revitalize the arts and sciences right now, in 2002. (Applause) If we describe the near future as 10, 20, 15 years from now, that means that what we do today is going to be critically important, because in the year 2015, in the year 2020, 2025, the world our society is going to be building on, the basic knowledge and abstract ideas, the discoveries that we came up with today, just as all these wonderful things we're hearing about here at the TED conference that we take for granted in the world right now, were really knowledge and ideas that came up in the 50s, the 60s and the 70s. What do we have to do? But I'm going to let you know that some folks in the outside world, believe it or not, think it's neat when they say, ""Scientists and science is not creative. But when I think about the '60s, what I took away from it was that there was hope for the future. But, we've even had that here on stage, so don't act like you don't know what I'm talking about. How does understanding science and the arts fit into our lives and what's going on and the things we're talking about here at the design conference? That doesn't mean that everything has to have one thing that's going to go on, or that we know exactly what's going to be the outcome of it, but that we support the vitality and the intellectual curiosity that goes along [with it]. So we have to really stop and think: What are we trying to do with the sciences and the arts? Here's how you judge what you're doing: I talked about that balance between intuitive, analytical.","designers need to revitalize the arts and sciences in the near future, john sutter says. sutter: ""we have to really stop and think what are we trying to do with the sciences and the arts"" ""we have to really support the vitality and the intellectual curiosity that goes along,"" he says.","Mae Jemison is an astronaut, a doctor, an art collector, a dancer ... Telling stories from her own education and from her time in space, she calls on educators to teach both the arts and sciences, both intuition and logic, as one -- to create bold thinkers."
432,"And then there was a second level to this object, which is that it -- I wanted it to convey some proportions that I was interested in, which is the diameter of the Moon and the diameter of the Earth in proportion to each other. This is sculpture that I made that -- it's magnetically levitated. I have a sort of a collection of videos that I took of different installations, which I could narrate. This is a sculpture of the Sun and the Earth, in proportion. So here is the Earth. And then this is the first part of -- this is 109 spheres, since the Sun is 109 times the diameter of the Earth. And then each of these little spheres is the size of the Earth in proportion to the Sun. This is an idea of moving a sculpture, a ball, that would be directed around the room by a computer. There would be on board a crew of artists, musicians, that would allow the thing to become actually kind of a conscious object that would respond to the moment, and to interact as an entity that was aware, that could communicate. Primarily I would be interested in how it would interact with, say, going to a college campus, and then being used as a way of talking about the earth sciences, the world, the situation of the globe.","sculpture of the Sun and the Earth, in proportion to each other, is magnetically levitated. the object would be directed around a room by a computer. it would interact as an entity that was aware, that could communicate.","Tom Shannon shows off his gravity-defying, otherworldly sculpture -- made of simple, earthly materials -- that floats and spins like planets on magnets and suspension wire. It's science-inspired art at its most heavenly."
433,"Last year I showed these two slides so that demonstrate that the arctic ice cap, which for most of the last three million years has been the size of the lower 48 states, has shrunk by 40 percent. As you see, it expands to the dark blue -- that's the annual ice in winter, and it contracts in summer. In 25 years it's gone from this, to this. Already in some shallow lakes in Alaska, methane is actively bubbling up out of the water. If you look at in the context of history you can see what this is doing. Al Gore: This is the source of much of the coal in West Virginia. (Laughter) Video: Actor: Clean coal -- you've heard a lot about it. And while burning coal is one of the leading causes of global warming, the remarkable clean coal technology you see here changes everything. But now there is a bold new solution to get us out of this mess. Al Gore: This is the last one.",the arctic ice cap has shrunk by 40 percent in 25 years. methane is bubbling up out of the water in some shallow lakes in Alaska. a bold new solution is needed to get us out of this mess.,"At TED2009, Al Gore presents updated slides from around the globe to make the case that worrying climate trends are even worse than scientists predicted, and to make clear his stance on ""clean coal."""
434,"But I do want to talk to you about something that I think is dear to all of us. And I think it is because we feel that this kind of bread really is about authenticity. And while I'm starting to make some bread for you here, it's very important to understand what that revolution did to us. And don't despise the white bread because it really, I think, symbolizes the fact that bread and food have become plentiful and affordable to all. In the U.S. only one percent of the people are actually farmers. What we need to do is to go back to understanding what our food is about. And this is where I have to query all of you. What I want us to do is to keep up the science and even get more science in there but go to a kind of regional scale -- not just in terms of the scale of the fields, but in terms of the entire food network. So we can do that. I want you to think that every bite connects you to the past and the future: to these anonymous farmers, that first bred the first wheat varieties; and to the farmers of today, who've been making this.",white bread symbolizes the fact that bread and food have become plentiful and affordable. in the u.s. only one percent of the people are actually farmers. john sutter: we need to go back to understanding what our food is about.,"Louise Fresco shows us why we should celebrate mass-produced, supermarket-style white bread. She says environmentally sound mass production will feed the world, yet leave a role for small bakeries and traditional methods."
435,"But it got me thinking about the fact that these guys, at least most of them, know what it is that they do for a living. But we don't think about it that way. That's not what this is about. It's easy to look at what I've said so far, and say, ""Wait a minute, I don't have what it takes to be that kind of leader."" But that's about it. But if I can get other people to join my Climb and Ride, then together we can get something that we all want. Because for a lot of people, that's what they're in it for: the connections that are being made, one to the other. They want to be missed the day they don't show up. They commit to the people who are there. Do it.","donna brazile: it's easy to say, ""wait a minute, i don't have what it takes to be that kind of leader"" brazile: if I can get other people to join my Climb and Ride, then we can get something that we all want. brazile: for a lot of people, that's what they're in it for: the connections that are being made.","Seth Godin argues the Internet has ended mass marketing and revived a human social unit from the distant past: tribes. Founded on shared ideas and values, tribes give ordinary people the power to lead and make big change. He urges us to do so."
436,"What we are showing here is -- on this axis here, I'm showing percent of infected adults. Now you have understood the graph and now, in the next 60 seconds, we will play the HIV epidemic in the world. In the last two to three years, we have reached a steady state of HIV epidemic in the world. So, when we look at the pattern, one thing comes out very clearly: you see the blue bubbles and people say HIV is very high in Africa. (Laughter) And so it is in Africa -- it's a lot of difference. See the difference within one African country -- it goes from very low level to very high level, and most of the provinces in Kenya is quite modest. Look, the highly infected are four percent of all population and they hold 50 percent of the HIV-infected. But, there is one part of Africa -- and the difficult thing is, at the same time, not to make a uniform statement about Africa, not to come to simple ideas of why it is like this, on one hand. Vodka -- and it goes on like this, you know? And we hope that when we act on global problems in the future we will not only have the heart, we will not only have the money, but we will also use the brain.","in the last two to three years, we have reached a steady state of HIV epidemic in the world. the highly infected are four percent of all population and they hold 50 percent of the HIV-infected. we hope that when we act on global problems in the future we will have the heart.","Hans Rosling unveils data visuals that untangle the complex risk factors of one of the world's deadliest (and most misunderstood) diseases: HIV. By following the data, he suggests a surprising key to ending the epidemic."
437,"The third set of ideas are what I call as ""ideas that we argue about"" -- those are ideas where we have a fight, an ideological battle about how to do things. Because when you are a developing country in the world where you can see the problems that other countries are having, you can actually anticipate what that did and do things very differently. India is going to have a lot of young people with a demographic dividend for the next 30 years. What is unique about this demographic dividend is that India will be the only country in the world to have this demographic dividend. I believe these six factors -- the rise of the notion of population as human capital, the rise of Indian entrepreneurs, the rise of English as a language of aspiration, technology as something empowering, globalization as a positive factor, and the deepening of democracy -- has contributed to why India is today growing at rates it has never seen before. Therefore we need to create a new set of labor laws, which are not as onerous as they are today. At the same time give a policy for a lot more people to be in the formal sector, and create the jobs for the millions of people that we need to create jobs for. The first thing is, we're very fortunate that technology is at a point where it is much more advanced than when other countries had the development. And it is important to prove that growth and democracy are not incompatible, that you can have a democracy, that you can have an open society, and you can have growth. When India was growing at about three, 3.5 percent and the population was growing at two percent, its per capita income was doubling every 45 years.",india will be the only country in the world to have this demographic dividend for the next 30 years. india is growing at rates it has never seen before. we need to create a new set of labor laws that are not as onerous as they are today.,"Nandan Nilekani, the visionary co-founder of outsourcing pioneer Infosys, explains four brands of ideas that will determine whether India can continue its recent breakneck progress."
438,"♫ ♫ I gotta get up, get up, get up, get up ♫ ♫ Wake up, wake up, wake up, wake up ♫ ♫ I see what you're saying ♫ ♫ We sent a demo to the world, they said it sounds like Take 6 ♫ ♫ I said ""Hold on, wait a minute, I'll be back with the remix"" ♫ ♫ They looking at us funny, we can't make any money ♫ ♫ It took us years to figure out that we was dealing with dummies ♫ ♫ They didn't understand the sound from the Bronx, that's the boogie down ♫ ♫ to Huntsville, Alabama, there's no circles in my planner, so ♫ ♫ It was time to make the product, so we hooked up with Townsend ♫ ♫ Made a deal with John Neal, on the road sold ten thousand ♫ ♫ WBA, that means a trip to Nashville ♫ ♫ Festplatte showed up and said them boys are naturals ♫ ♫ Can you hear what they were hearing? ♫ ♫ Fly baby! This ain't no time to rest ♫ ♫ Come on fly baby, we got work to do ♫ ♫ Here we go, spread my wings and ... ♫ ♫ Fly baby! This ain't no time to rest ♫ ♫ Fly baby! We got work to do ♫ ♫ Here we go, spread my wings and ... ♫ ♫ Fly baby! Fly baby fly ♫ ♫ Fly baby! Fly baby high ♫ ♫ Fly baby! ♫ We're ready to fly! ♫ (Applause) Thank you very much. (Applause)","on the road sold ten thousand   WBA, that means a trip to Nashville. Festplatte showed up and said boys are naturals   Can you hear what they were hearing?","One-of-a-kind R&B group Naturally 7 beatboxes an orchestra's worth of instruments to groove through their smooth single, ""Fly Baby."""
439,"And by the way he convicted me as a plunderer of the earth. And I then challenged the people of Interface, my company, to lead our company and the entire industrial world to sustainability, which we defined as eventually operating our petroleum-intensive company in such a way as to take from the earth only what can be renewed by the earth, naturally and rapidly -- not another fresh drop of oil -- and to do no harm to the biosphere. But I realized, for that to be true -- for theft of our children's future to be a crime -- there must be a clear, demonstrable alternative to the take-make-waste industrial system that so dominates our civilization, and is the major culprit, stealing our children's future, by digging up the earth and converting it to products that quickly become waste in a landfill or an incinerator -- in short, digging up the earth and converting it to pollution. I wanted Interface to rewrite that equation so that it read I equals P times A divided by T. Now, the mathematically-minded will see immediately that T in the numerator increases impact -- a bad thing -- but T in the denominator decreases impact. In the new industrial revolution extractive must be replaced by renewable; linear by cyclical; fossil fuel energy by renewable energy, sunlight; wasteful by waste-free; and abusive by benign; and labor productivity by resource productivity. (Laughter) If we can actually do it, it must be possible. Not I. And when I read it it was one of the most uplifting moments of my life. The way the cost of what I squander, what is lost, if ever I forget that you will someday come and live here too."" Well, every day of my life since, ""Tomorrow's Child"" has spoken to me with one simple but profound message, which I presume to share with you.","""tomorrow's child"" convicted me as a plunderer of the earth. eric liu: for theft of our children's future to be a crime, there must be alternative to take-make-waste. liu: in the new industrial revolution extractive must be replaced by renewable energy. liu: if we can actually do it, it must be possible. not I.","At his carpet company, Ray Anderson has increased sales and doubled profits while turning the traditional ""take / make / waste"" industrial system on its head. In a gentle, understated way, he shares a powerful vision for sustainable commerce."
440,"If you really want to do it, you have to do it."" I said, ""I don't want to write about my research. So I said, ""Okay, if I have to do it --"" I had a sabbatical. I want you to think about illusion as a metaphor. And if we have these predictable repeatable mistakes in vision, which we're so good at, what are the chances we won't make even more mistakes in something we're not as good at, for example, financial decision-making. (Laughter) Something we don't have an evolutionary reason to do, we don't have a specialized part of the brain for, and we don't do that many hours of the day. But if you look at this plot, you can see that countries that we think about as very similar, actually exhibit very different behavior. For example, Sweden is all the way on the right, and Denmark, which we think is culturally very similar, is all the way on the left. And it's so complex that we don't know what to do. And because we have no idea what to do, we just pick whatever it was that was chosen for us.","bob greene: illusion is so complex that we don't know what to do. he says countries that we think about as very similar, actually exhibit very different behavior. he says we don't know what to do because we have no idea what to do. greene: if we don't know what to do, we just pick whatever it was that was chosen for us.","Behavioral economist Dan Ariely, the author of Predictably Irrational, uses classic visual illusions and his own counterintuitive (and sometimes shocking) research findings to show how we're not as rational as we think when we make decisions."
441,"(Laughter) When I was working on the book, I interviewed a woman who can think herself to orgasm. Now in one of these brain-dead people, if you trigger the right spot, you will see something every now and then. (Laughter) I said, ""So, could you conceivably trigger an orgasm in a dead person?"" And they decided, being Masters and Johnson, that they would get to the bottom of it. This is the 1950s. (Laughter) This is it. There is a point in this video, towards the beginning, where they zoom in for a close up of his hand with his wedding ring, as if to say, ""It's okay, it's just his job. And I said, ""So why don't you just stimulate the clitoris of the pig? I have to read you what she said, because I love it. Doctor Kinsey had heard -- and there was a theory going around at the time, this being the 1940s -- that the force with which semen is thrown against the cervix was a factor in fertility.",the force with which semen is thrown against the cervix was a factor in fertility. the force with which semen is thrown against the cervix was a factor in fertility.,"""Bonk"" author Mary Roach delves into obscure scientific research, some of it centuries old, to make 10 surprising claims about sexual climax, ranging from the bizarre to the hilarious. (This talk is aimed at adults. Viewer discretion advised.)"
442,"Two years ago here at TED I reported that we had discovered at Saturn, with the Cassini Spacecraft, an anomalously warm and geologically active region at the southern tip of the small Saturnine moon Enceladus, seen here. This region seen here for the first time in the Cassini image taken in 2005. And I also reported that we'd made this mind-blowing discovery -- this once-in-a-lifetime discovery of towering jets erupting from those fractures at the south pole, consisting of tiny water ice crystals accompanied by water vapor and simple organic compounds like carbon dioxide and methane. And at that time two years ago I mentioned that we were speculating that these jets might in fact be geysers, and erupting from pockets or chambers of liquid water underneath the surface, but we weren't really sure. However, the implications of those results -- of a possible environment within this moon that could support prebiotic chemistry, and perhaps life itself -- were so exciting that, in the intervening two years, we have focused more on Enceladus. While they're not amino acids, we're now finding things like propane and benzene, hydrogen cyanide, and formaldehyde. So we are very encouraged by these results. And we are much more confident now than we were two years ago that we might indeed have on this moon, under the south pole, an environment or a zone that is hospitable to living organisms. But in the meantime I invite you to imagine the day when we might journey to the Saturnine system, and visit the Enceladus interplanetary geyser park, just because we can. (Applause)","two years ago we discovered an anomalously warm and geologically active region at the south pole. we're now finding things like propane and benzene, hydrogen cyanide, and formaldehyde. i invite you to imagine the day when we might journey to the Saturnine system.","Carolyn Porco shares exciting new findings from the Cassini spacecraft's recent sweep of one of Saturn's moons, Enceladus. Samples gathered from the moon's icy geysers hint that an ocean under its surface could harbor life."
443,"And I would like to share with you some of the bits of the conversation that we started with. FN: And I also had an interest in dangerous inventions. YB: To the dismay of my mother, this is dangerous teenage fashion right there. YB: So, wind power, solar power -- we had a lot to talk about. We had a lot that got us excited. YB: And we made a baby. (Laughter) FN: Can you bring out our baby? (Applause) This baby is fully electric. Really the exciting thing about a motorcycle is just the beautiful integration of engineering and design. YB: Thank you.","FN and FN had a lot to talk about. wind power, solar power -- we had a lot that got us excited. FN: this baby is fully electric.","Yves Béhar and Forrest North unveil Mission One, a sleek, powerful electric motorcycle. They share slides from distant (yet similar) childhoods that show how collaboration kick-started their friendship -- and shared dreams."
444,"I'm here because I have a very important message: I think we have found the most important factor for success. Psychology professor took kids that were four years old and put them in a room all by themselves. And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid, ""Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow for 15 minutes. To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes for something that they like, is equivalent to telling us, ""We'll bring you coffee in two hours."" What's interesting is that one out of three would look at the marshmallow and go like this ... Would look at it. They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19. And they found that 100 percent of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful. A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow, they were in trouble. (Spanish) (Laughter) So what happened in Colombia? This is so good that we want a marshmallow book for children.",bob greene: we've found the most important factor for success: a marshmallow. he says 100 percent of kids that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful. greene: we want a marshmallow book for children. it's so good that we want a marshmallow book.,"In this short talk from TED U, Joachim de Posada shares a landmark experiment on delayed gratification -- and how it can predict future success. With priceless video of kids trying their hardest not to eat the marshmallow."
445,"(Recording of crowd cheering) The world has a new mania. A mania for learning English. Students: I want to change my life! S: I don't want to let myself down! If you're a Chinese student, you start learning English in the third grade, by law. Opportunity for a better life, a job, to be able to pay for school, or put better food on the table. The intensity to learn English is almost unimaginable, unless you witness it. English is the world's second language. Not because America is pushing it, but because the world is pulling it. Like the harnessing of electricity in our cities, or the fall of the Berlin Wall, English represents hope for a better future -- a future where the world has a common language to solve its common problems.","the intensity to learn English is almost unimaginable, unless you witness it. like the harnessing of electricity in our cities, or the fall of the Berlin wall, English represents hope for a better future.","Jay Walker explains why two billion people around the world are trying to learn English. He shares photos and spine-tingling audio of Chinese students rehearsing English -- ""the world's second language"" -- by the thousands."
446,"(Applause) And while this is not my first visit to the U.K., I have to say that I am glad that this is my first official visit. And my brother and I were raised with all that you really need: love, strong values and a belief that with a good education and a whole lot of hard work, that there was nothing that we could not do. She's an active presence in their lives, as well as mine, and is instilling in them the same values that she taught me and my brother: things like compassion, and integrity, and confidence, and perseverance -- all of that wrapped up in an unconditional love that only a grandmother can give. And when we first met, one of the things that I remember is that he took me out on a date. He talked about ""the world as it is"" and ""the world as it should be."" And he urged the people in that meeting, in that community, to devote themselves to closing the gap between those two ideas, to work together to try to make the world as it is and the world as it should be, one and the same. That's why all of this that you're going through -- the ups and the downs, the teachers that you love and the teachers that you don't -- why it's so important. That is the reality of the world that we live in. And I hope in pursuing your dreams, you all remain resolute, that you go forward without limits, and that you use your talents -- because there are many; we've seen them; it's there -- that you use them to create the world as it should be. We know you can do it.","cnn's richard quest is on his first official visit to the united kingdom. quest: my brother and i were raised with all that you really need: love, strong values. quest: my grandmother is an active presence in their lives, as well as my brother's. quest: she is instilling in them the same values that only a grandmother can give.","Speaking to an audience of students, US First Lady Michelle Obama reminds each one to take their education seriously -- and never take it for granted. This new, brilliant generation, she tells us, is the one that could close the gap between the world as it is and the world as it should be."
447,"All these things, they come back to plants. And plants sometimes find it rather difficult to move because there might be cities and other things in the way. So if all human life depends on plants, doesn't it make sense that perhaps we should try to save them? So if you're going to build a seed bank, you have to decide what you're going to store in it. And we decided that what we want to store first of all, are the species that are most under threat. And the main thing is that you have to dry them very carefully, at low temperature. And these seeds will be able to germinate, we believe, with many of the species, in thousands of years, and certainly in hundreds of years. That means that we know the right combination of heat and cold and the cycles that you have to get to make the seed germinate. And then we grow these things, and we tell people, back in the countries where these seeds have come from, ""Look, actually we're not just storing this to get the seeds later, but we can give you this information about how to germinate these difficult plants."" So in habitats that have already been damaged, like the tall grass prairie here in the USA, or in mined land in various countries, restoration is already happening because of these species -- and because of this collection.","a seed bank will store the species that are most under threat. the seeds will be able to germinate with many of the species, in thousands of years. restoration is already happening because of these species.","In this brief talk from TED U 2009, Jonathan Drori encourages us to save biodiversity -- one seed at a time. Reminding us that plants support human life, he shares the vision of the Millennium Seed Bank, which has stored over 3 billion seeds to date from dwindling yet essential plant species."
448,"I was thinking about my place in the universe, and about my first thought about what infinity might mean, when I was a child. And I thought that if time could reach forwards and backwards infinitely, doesn't that mean that every point in time is really infinitely small, and therefore somewhat meaningless. So we don't really have a place in the universe, as far as on a time line. But nothing else does either. And so therefore this music you're about to hear is maybe the most important music you'll ever hear in your life. (Laughter) (Applause) (Applause) Thank you. (Applause) (Applause) For those of you who I'll be fortunate enough to meet afterwards, you could please refrain from saying, ""Oh my god, you're so much shorter in real life."" (Laughter) Because it's like the stage is an optical illusion, for some reason. I don't know what it is. I get asked in interviews a lot, ""My god, you're guitars are so gigantic!""","this is the most important music you'll ever hear in your life. it's like the stage is an optical illusion, for some reason. i get asked in interviews a lot, ""my god, you're guitars are so gigantic!""","Kaki King, the first female on Rolling Stone's ""guitar god"" list, rocks out to a full live set at TED2008, including her breakout single, ""Playing with Pink Noise."" Jaw-dropping virtuosity meets a guitar technique that truly stands out."
449,"College presidents are not the first people who come to mind when the subject is the uses of the creative imagination. What kind of a world can we be making?"" We are not even on the list when it comes to our responsibility for the health of this democracy. You are not the first to try to figure this out, just as you are unlikely to be the last. Mediation and improvisation also assume a special place in this new pantheon. As is a capacity to discriminate systematically between what is at the core and what is at the periphery. The most important discovery we made in our focus on public action was to appreciate that the hard choices are not between good and evil, but between competing goods. This is a political education, to be sure. So the challenge for Bennington is to do it. So what do you do when you feel overwhelmed?",david rothkopf: college presidents are not the first to think about creative imagining. he says you are unlikely to be the last when it comes to our responsibility for democracy. rothkopf: the challenge for Bennington is to do it. what do you do when you feel overwhelmed?,"Bennington president Liz Coleman delivers a call-to-arms for radical reform in higher education. Bucking the trend to push students toward increasingly narrow areas of study, she proposes a truly cross-disciplinary education -- one that dynamically combines all areas of study to address the great problems of our day."
450,"But the pace of exponential growth is really what describes information technologies. And that was the end of the shrinking of vacuum tubes, but it was not the end of the exponential growth of computing. I was a little nervous because maybe the data wouldn't be right, but I've done this now for 30 years, and it has stayed on this exponential progression. We've had 18 percent growth in constant dollars in every form of information technology for the last half-century, despite the fact that you can get twice as much of it each year. Because if you double one percent seven more times, which is exactly what happened, you get 100 percent. And we will have plenty of computation as we go through the 21st century to do things like simulate regions of the human brain. But where will we get the software? And all of this has fueled an increase, very smooth and predictable, of productivity. When I was a student it was across campus, now it's in our pockets. Then we are going to apply them to the other areas, like energy, ecology, policy law and ethics, entrepreneurship, so that people can bring these new technologies to the world.","bob greene: we've had 18 percent growth in constant dollars in every form of information technology. he says we will have plenty of computation as we go through the 21st century. greene: when i was a student it was across campus, now it's in our pockets.","Ray Kurzweil's latest graphs show that technology's breakneck advances will only accelerate -- recession or not. He unveils his new project, Singularity University, to study oncoming tech and guide it to benefit humanity."
451,"And you know how coral are very sensitive to temperature, and are very important for the biodiversity of the sea. Today we have 20 million refugees in the world. I'm going to show you this. 12th Man: If I was to go back to Iraq and speak to the people, I'd have to bow down and kiss their feet. At the moment, my family is very poor, my life here in Shenzhen is just about showing myself that I can earn more and to let my parents stay and have something to live on. You don't know me. For the last three years, I was shooting the earth for the movie. It is about the state of the planet. We have to believe what we know. We have all a part of the solutions.","12th man: if i were to go back to Iraq and speak to the people, i'd have to bow down and kiss their feet. he says my family is very poor, my life here in shenzhen is just about showing myself. he says we have to believe what we know. we have all a part of the solutions.","In this image-filled talk, Yann Arthus-Bertrand displays his three most recent projects on humanity and our habitat -- stunning aerial photographs in his series ""The Earth From Above,"" personal interviews from around the globe featured in his web project ""6 billion Others,"" and his soon-to-be-released movie, ""Home,"" which documents human impact on the environment through breathtaking video."
452,"Out in the hall with their crocodile tears; Now that you're out of it, now that you're leaving, Now that they've sealed your arse and your ears, What I've been meaning to tell you for years, And years, and years, and years, old friend ... Is that you were the better man, in the end; You were the better man, My friend. You think we want you to do it, but we don't want you to do it. Lady, this is all in vain. (Applause) And if you would like to know why I am not a father -- I, who by a miracle have 22 godchildren -- the answer is in this poem, which upsets me every time I read it. I was in a clinic. But it's interesting to me. I love to think what they thought, what it was like. Because although many of the speakers and many of the people who are in the audience, although you guys can not only go to the moon, you know, you're going to totally transform everything. All you guys are so clever, and women, you can do it all! I never did anything to anyone that wasn't.","bob greene says he was in a clinic when he heard crocodile tears in the hall. he says he never did anything to anyone that wasn't a father. he says he never did anything to anyone that wasn't a father. greene: all you guys are so clever, and women, you can do it all!","Media big shot Felix Dennis roars his fiery, funny, sometimes racy original poetry, revisiting haunting memories and hard-won battle scars from a madcap -- yet not too repentant -- life. Best enjoyed with a glass of wine."
453,"But I'm moving past Malthus, because I think that we just might be about 150 years from a kind of new enlightenment. This is the U.N.'s population data, you may have seen, for the world. And after that, most likely it's going to begin to decline. But look what happened in Europe after the plague: rising wages, land reform, technological innovation, birth of the middle class; and after that, forward-looking social movements like the Renaissance, and later the Enlightenment. But I think we're in for another change, about two generations after the top of that curve, once the effects of a declining population start to settle in. So why does this matter? Why talk about social-economic movements that may be more than a century away? When land owners start to lose money, and labor demands more pay, there are some powerful interests that are going to fear for the future. If we have a positive view about the future then we may be able to accelerate through that turn, instead of careening off a cliff. And instead, they'll be planning for the future and starting to build the 22nd Century Enlightenment.","john malthus: we're 150 years from a kind of new enlightenment. malthus: we're in for another change, about two generations after the plague. he says land owners start to lose money, labor demands more pay. malthus: if we have a positive view about the future, we may be able to accelerate.","In this short, optimistic talk from TED2009, Pete Alcorn shares a vision of the world of two centuries from now -- when declining populations and growing opportunity prove Malthus was wrong."
454,"This is a world-changing invention. And one of the main causes of all these fires is electricity. What if we could prevent electrical fires before they start? Well, a couple of friends and I figured out how to do this. So what about circuit breakers? This is 130-year-old technology, and this is a problem, because over 80 percent of all home electrical fires start below the safety threshold of circuit breakers. So we considered all of this. We put a 10-cent digital transponder, a data tag, in the appliance plug. Now, besides saving lives, perhaps the greatest benefit of intelligent power is in its energy savings. And I'd like to thank Chris for this opportunity to unveil our technology with you, and soon the world.","a couple of friends and i figured out how to prevent electrical fires before they start. we put a 10-cent digital transponder, a data tag, in the appliance plug. perhaps the greatest benefit of intelligent power is in its energy savings.","John La Grou unveils an ingenious new technology that will smarten up the electrical outlets in our homes, using microprocessors and RFID tags. The invention, Safeplug, promises to prevent deadly accidents like house fires -- and to conserve energy."
455,"So we all look at what we can do. And at that sushi bar we came up with a great idea. So it was a big idea. But our people had to do some 5,000 different mixes to get this right, to hit our targets. We started right there, with absolutely nothing. And they are so excited. Look around the room: chairs, wood, everything around us has to change or we're not going to lick this problem. So what will you do? You did the best you could with the team that you had."" So my hope is that when you leave TED, you will look at reducing your carbon footprint in however you can do it.","john avlon says he hopes to reduce carbon footprint at TED. avlon: ""you did the best you could with the team that you had"" avlon: if you leave TED, you will look at reducing your carbon footprint.","Kevin Surace suggests we rethink basic construction materials -- such as the familiar wallboard -- to reduce the huge carbon footprint generated by the manufacturing and construction of our buildings. He introduces EcoRock, a clean, recyclable and energy-efficient drywall created by his team at Serious Materials."
456,"It isn't just that. We have a system that is really ancient, and really there for physical danger. Absent from this list, and absent from any discussions of happiness, are happiness in another's happiness. There was once a statement made by a psychologist that said that 80 percent of the pursuit of happiness is really just about the genes, and it's as difficult to become happier as it is to become taller. There is a decent contribution to happiness from the genes -- about 50 percent -- but there is still that 50 percent that is unaccounted for. It turned out that it wasn't, that it really is a system of motivation, a system of wanting. And one of them, of course, is biophilia -- that we have a response to the natural world that's very profound. The other thing is, that a piece of evidence is, is if you look at computerized text analysis of people who commit suicide, what you find there, and it's quite interesting, is use of the first person singular -- ""I,"" ""me,"" ""my,"" not ""we"" and ""us"" -- and the letters are less hopeless than they are really alone. And that's clearly the way for us to create many more niches of status so that people don't have to be lower on the status hierarchy as they are in the animal world. ""First, say to yourself what you would be.","frida ghitis: we have a system that is really ancient, and really there for physical danger. ghitis: absence from this list, and absent from any discussions of happiness, are happiness in another's happiness. ghitis: we have a system that is really ancient, and really there for physical danger. ghitis: we have a system that is really ancient, and really there for physical danger.","Cognitive researcher Nancy Etcoff looks at happiness -- the ways we try to achieve and increase it, the way it's untethered to our real circumstances, and its surprising effect on our bodies."
457,"And if you look, you can see that it uses the toe peeling, just like the gecko does. If we can show some of the video, you can see it climbing up the wall. And watch it now slip, and see what it does with its tail. And they do it with their tail. And we're going to attempt the first air-righting response in a tail, with a robot. There it is. (Laughter) So then we wondered, ""Can they actually maneuver with this?"" So we went, ""Oh my god, we have to go to the field, and see if it actually does this."" You see it there? Now watch up there and you can see the landing.","the robot uses the toe peeling, just like the gecko does. we're going to attempt the first air-righting response in a tail, with a robot.","Biologist Robert Full studies the amazing gecko, with its supersticky feet and tenacious climbing skill. But high-speed footage reveals that the gecko's tail harbors perhaps the most surprising talents of all."
458,"So we do everything that leads up to success, but then we get there. And I can tell you this happens, because it happened to me. But then I stopped, because I figured I was this hot-shot guy and I shouldn't have to work at ideas, they should just come like magic. Reaching success, I always focused on clients and projects, and ignored the money. But then I got into stuff that I didn't love, like management. Well, soon a black cloud formed over my head and here I was, outwardly very successful, but inwardly very depressed. So I went back to doing the projects I loved. I had fun again, I worked harder and, to cut a long story short, did all the things that took me back up to success. But it wasn't a quick trip. And if we want to avoid ""success-to-failure-syndrome,"" we just keep following these eight principles, because that is not only how we achieve success, it's how we sustain it.","jeffrey toobin: we do everything that leads up to success, but then we get there. toobin: if we want to avoid ""success-to-failure-syndrome,"" we just keep following these eight principles. he says if we want to avoid ""success-to-failure-syndrome,"" we just keep following these eight principles. toobin: if we want to avoid success, we need to keep","In his typically candid style, Richard St. John reminds us that success is not a one-way street, but a constant journey. He uses the story of his business' rise and fall to illustrate a valuable lesson -- when we stop trying, we fail."
459,"Back then, yes, I guess we all know now that it is essentially the sphere of life around the Earth, right? We also wanted to know so we can understand more about the Earth that we all live in. So, on the top, we had these beautiful rainforests and an ocean, and underneath we had all this technosphere, we called it, which is where all the pumps and the valves and the water tanks and the air handlers, and all of that. And the doctor was, in fact, checking us to make sure we were, in fact, fine. And it was time for us to put oxygen in. And I slowly lost track of where I was in this big biosphere, in this big biosphere that we all live in. And one of the things we did was try to figure out: how small can you make these biospheres, and what can you do with them? But this is also what I saw. Well, of course you have to draw the boundary around the whole of the Earth. And if you lose where you are in your biosphere, or are perhaps having a difficulty connecting with where you are in the biosphere, I would say to you, take a deep breath.","bob greene says he lost track of where he was in the biosphere around the Earth. he says if you lose where you are in the biosphere, take a deep breath. greene: if you lose where you are in the biosphere, take a deep breath.",Jane Poynter tells her story of living two years and 20 minutes in Biosphere 2 -- an experience that provoked her to explore how we might sustain life in the harshest of environments.
460,"I want to talk about the transformed media landscape, and what it means for anybody who has a message that they want to get out to anywhere in the world. If you want to address a group, you get the same message and you give it to everybody in the group, whether you're doing that with a broadcasting tower or a printing press. That was the media landscape as we had it in the twentieth century. The Internet is the first medium in history that has native support for groups and conversation at the same time. And the earthquake was reported as it was happening. And so as the quake was happening the news was reported. And the Chinese then, in one of their periods of media openness, decided that they were going to let it go, that they were going to let this citizen reporting fly. And it was produced at such an incredible abundance that there was no way to filter it as it appeared. In a world where media is global, social, ubiquitous and cheap, in a world of media where the former audience are now increasingly full participants, in that world, media is less and less often about crafting a single message to be consumed by individuals. And the choice we face, I mean anybody who has a message they want to have heard anywhere in the world, isn't whether or not that is the media environment we want to operate in.","the internet is the first medium in history that has native support for groups and conversation at the same time. in a world where media is global, social, ubiquitous and cheap, the former audience are now increasingly full participants.","While news from Iran streams to the world, Clay Shirky shows how Facebook, Twitter and TXTs help citizens in repressive regimes to report on real news, bypassing censors (however briefly). The end of top-down control of news is changing the nature of politics."
461,"What I didn't know though, was most of those people, standing there with me, were Moonies. And we would come in and talk to them, usually for about a week. And so after this happened, I decided it was a good time to turn my back on this work. And that was, ""How did this happen to me?"" I understand how someone's brain, how someone's mind can come to the place where it makes sense -- in fact it would be wrong, when your brain is working like that -- not to try to save the world through genocide. And so what is this? For those of you who aren't familiar with memetics, a meme has been defined as an idea that replicates in the human brain and moves from brain to brain like a virus, much like a virus. In 1974, I was young, I was naive, and I was pretty lost in my world. And the thing is, though, if you looked at my brain during those years in the Moonies -- neuroscience is expanding exponentially, as Ray Kurzweil said yesterday. And the reason that gives me hope is that the first thing is to admit that we have a problem.","a meme is an idea that replicates in the human brain and moves from brain to brain like a virus. john sutter: neuroscience is expanding exponentially, as Ray Kurzweil said yesterday. sutter: we need to admit that we have a problem, not to try to save the world through genocide.","Diane Benscoter spent five years as a ""Moonie."" She shares an insider's perspective on the mind of a cult member, and proposes a new way to think about today's most troubling conflicts and extremist movements."
462,"So in order to give you some kind of a perspective of where we are right now with surgical robots, and where we're going to be going in the future, I want to give you a little bit of perspective of how we got to this point, how we even came to believe that surgery was OK, that this was something that was possible to do, that this kind of cutting and reforming was OK. Because we were in the age before anesthesia, the agony of the patient is really as much of the public spectacle as the surgery itself. So what you see -- this is now the first surgical image -- as we're coming down the tube, this is a new entry into the body. So what you need to do, to take the capability of your hand, and put it on the other side of that small incision, is you need to put a wrist on that instrument. But what this lets you do is gives you that all-important traction, and counter-traction, so that you can dissect, so that you can sew, so that you can do all the things that you need to do, all the surgical tasks. This is all they're going to see. As we take these capabilities, and we get to go to the next places, we get to decide what our new surgeries are going to be. We can inject these dyes into the bloodstream, so that when we do a new vessel and we bypass a blockage on the heart, we can see if we actually made the connection, before we close that patient back up again -- something that we haven't been able to do without radiation before. So this is all very prototypey at this point. So, with the combination of these technologies we can reach it all, and we can see it all.","robots allow surgeons to do all the things they need to do, all the surgical tasks. we can inject dyes into the bloodstream, so we can bypass a blockage on the heart. with the combination of these technologies we can reach it all, and we can see it all.","Surgeon and inventor Catherine Mohr tours the history of surgery (and its pre-painkiller, pre-antiseptic past), then demos some of the newest tools for surgery through tiny incisions, performed using nimble robot hands. Fascinating -- but not for the squeamish."
463,"It's about time. There were enormous differences between kids who resisted and kids who yielded, in many ways. So what is time perspective? And the problem is that they can become biased, because you learn to over-use some of them and under-use the others. For some people it's only about what is in the immediate situation, what other people are doing and what you're feeling. And those people, when they make their decisions in that format -- we're going to call them ""present-oriented,"" because their focus is what is now. For others it's not the past, it's not the present, it's only about the future. They sacrifice family time. Told me don't eat that marshmallow, because if you wait you're going to get two of them, until I learned to balance out. So I want to end by saying: many of life's puzzles can be solved by understanding your time perspective and that of others.","time perspective can become biased because you learn to over-use some of them. for some people it's only about what is in the immediate situation. for others it's not the past, it's not the present, it's only about the future.","Psychologist Philip Zimbardo says happiness and success are rooted in a trait most of us disregard: the way we orient toward the past, present and future. He suggests we calibrate our outlook on time as a first step to improving our lives."
464,"So that is what you get when you face reality. If you don't get the policy reform and the aid, you don't get the economic recovery, which is the true exit strategy for the peacekeepers. It would be ideal to have a standard set of norms where, when we got to a post-conflict situation, there was an expectation of these mutual commitments from the three parties. What is a distinctive approach to generating jobs in post-conflict situations? And why are they upset? There's one sector which isn't exposed to international trade, and which can generate a lot of jobs, and which is, in any case, a sensible sector to expand, post-conflict, and that is the construction sector. If we do that, we not only get the jobs, we get the improvements in public infrastructure, the restoration of public infrastructure. The typical post-conflict government is so short of money that it needs our money just to be on a life-support system. That after 10 years, the focus on the construction sector would have produced both jobs and, hence, security -- because young people would have jobs -- and it would have reconstructed the infrastructure. The emphasis on clean government would have gradually squeezed out the political crooks, because there wouldn't be any money in taking part in the politics.",construction sector is a sensible sector to expand post-conflict. typical post-conflict government is so short of money that it needs our money just to be on a life-support system. the focus on clean government would have gradually squeezed out the political crooks.,"Long conflict can wreck a country, leaving behind poverty and chaos. But what's the right way to help war-torn countries rebuild? At TED@State, Paul Collier explains the problems with current post-conflict aid plans, and suggests 3 ideas for a better approach."
465,"And it's driven and propelled forward by new leaders, like many of the people here, by new tools, like the ones we've seen here, and by new pressures. What I want to do is share some of the coolest things that are going on with you. Instead, what I want to do is talk about the philanthropy of all of us: the democratization of philanthropy. Now, all of these big things for love -- experiments -- aren't going to take off. Take a look, if you haven't, at DonorsChoose. We have got to realize that it is going to take a long time to do these things. And I'm hopeful because it's not only philanthropy that's reorganizing itself, it's also whole other portions of the social sector, and of business, that are busy challenging ""business as usual."" And that's where my imagined future comes in, which I am going to call the social singularity. And I want you to imagine that this a photograph of you. And I want you to think about the community that you want to be part of creating.","donna brazile: philanthropy is democratizing itself, but it's going to take a long time. she says it's not only philanthropy that's reorganizing itself, it's also business. brazile: i want you to imagine that this is a photograph of you.","In this uplifting talk, Katherine Fulton sketches the new future of philanthropy -- one where collaboration and innovation allow regular people to do big things, even when money is scarce. Giving five practical examples of crowd-driven philanthropy, she calls for a new generation of citizen leaders."
466,"A month ago today I stood there: 90 degrees south, the top of the bottom of the world, the Geographic South Pole. (Laughter) Imagine, if you will, dragging a sled, as you just saw in that video clip, with 170 pounds of gear, in it everything you need to survive on your Antarctic trek. I came home to my wife after 111 days of running in the sand, and I said, ""You know, there's no doubt if this bozo can get across the desert, we are capable of doing anything we set our minds to."" His dedication inspired me to come up with this expedition: a run to the South Pole where, with an interactive website, I will be able to bring young people, students and teachers from around the world on board the expedition with me, as active members. Young people would ask the most amazing questions. One of my favorite: It's 40 below, you've got to go to the bathroom, where are you going to go and how are you going to do it? We were burning about 8,500 a day, so we needed it. How many batteries do you carry for all the equipment that you have? I certainly hope so, because at some point or another on this expedition, one of your teammates is going to have to take a very big needle, and put it in an infected blister, and drain it for you. The stories we were hearing got us to the South Pole.","cnn's john sutter is running an expedition to the south pole. the expedition will bring students and teachers from around the world on board. sutter: ""we were burning about 8,500 a day, so we needed it""",Extreme runner Ray Zahab shares an enthusiastic account of his record-breaking trek on foot to the South Pole -- a 33-day sprint through the snow.
467,"Now, if President Obama invited me to be the next Czar of Mathematics, then I would have a suggestion for him that I think would vastly improve the mathematics education in this country. The mathematics curriculum that we have is based on a foundation of arithmetic and algebra. And everything we learn after that is building up towards one subject. And I'm here to say that I think that that is the wrong summit of the pyramid ... that the correct summit -- that all of our students, every high school graduate should know -- should be statistics: probability and statistics. But I'm here to say, as a professor of mathematics, that very few people actually use calculus in a conscious, meaningful way, in their day-to-day lives. (Laughter) (Applause) Not only -- thank you -- not only that ... but if it's taught properly, it can be a lot of fun. I mean, probability and statistics, it's the mathematics of games and gambling. And it's time for our mathematics curriculum to change from analog to digital, from the more classical, continuous mathematics, to the more modern, discrete mathematics -- the mathematics of uncertainty, of randomness, of data -- that being probability and statistics. In summary, instead of our students learning about the techniques of calculus, I think it would be far more significant if all of them knew what two standard deviations from the mean means. And I mean it.","sally kohn: if president Obama asked me to be the next Czar of mathematics, he would. kohn: i think the correct summit of the pyramid should be probability and statistics. she says very few people actually use calculus in a conscious, meaningful way. kohn: it's time for our mathematics curriculum to change from analog to digital.","Someone always asks the math teacher, ""Am I going to use calculus in real life?"" And for most of us, says Arthur Benjamin, the answer is no. He offers a bold proposal on how to make math education relevant in the digital age."
468,"This is the exact moment that I started creating something called Tinkering School. Tinkering School is a place where kids can pick up sticks and hammers and other dangerous objects, and be trusted. Trusted not to hurt themselves, and trusted not to hurt others. When the kids arrive they're confronted with lots of stuff: wood and nails and rope and wheels, and lots of tools, real tools. It's a six-day immersive experience for the kids. Our goal is to ensure that they leave with a better sense of how to make things than when they arrived, and the deep internal realization that you can figure things out by fooling around. (Laughter) And the kids soon learn that all projects go awry -- (Laughter) and become at ease with the idea that every step in a project is a step closer to sweet success, or gleeful calamity. And sometimes we make real plans. And sometimes we just start building. Building is at the heart of the experience: hands on, deeply immersed and fully committed to the problem at hand.","""tinkering school"" is a place where kids can pick up sticks and hammers. it's a six-day immersive experience for the kids. kids leave with a better sense of how to make things than when they arrived.","Gever Tulley uses engaging photos and footage to demonstrate the valuable lessons kids learn at his Tinkering School. When given tools, materials and guidance, these young imaginations run wild and creative problem-solving takes over to build unique boats, bridges and even a roller coaster!"
469,"It's something which is suspended between what we believe we can be, and a tradition we may have forgotten. And I think that's really what architecture is based on. There it is: the things that I really believe are of important architecture. And I think that is what architecture is, it's radical. And of course, we are all about the struggle of emotions. I think that's part of what the complexity of architecture is. So the rawness, I think, in space, the fact that sustainability can actually, in the future translate into a raw space, a space that isn't decorated, a space that is not mannered in any source, but a space that might be cool in terms of its temperature, might be refractive to our desires. It should not play it safe, because if it plays it safe it's not moving us in a direction that we want to be. And of course that is finally what I believe architecture to be. And I think that is really the nature of architecture.","architecture is something suspended between what we believe we can be, and a tradition we may have forgotten. we are all about the struggle of emotions, and that's part of what the complexity of architecture is. if architecture plays it safe it's not moving us in a direction that we want to be.","Daniel Libeskind builds on very big ideas. Here, he shares 17 words that underlie his vision for architecture -- raw, risky, emotional, radical -- and that offer inspiration for any bold creative pursuit."
470,"And you can imagine, and the thing about it is, that they believed that the human mind could handle this number of images because the important thing was to get the gestalt of what the images were about. It's just the things you try out to kind of make it work better. This is it. And then this is a film, on the lower left, that Charles and Ray made. Audience: You had, I hope you had -- ED: Now you've been to the website Dogs of Saint Louis in the late, in the mid-1930's, then you'd know that was a Great Dane. And it's not. At the same time that Charles was doing that chair, he was doing this film. And I think that all of us in this room, as you move design forward, it's not about just doing one thing. And it's kind of cool for me to be part of a family and a tradition where he was talking about that in 1978. And part of why this stuff is important and all the things that we do are important, is that these are the ideas we need.","""dogs of saint louis"" is a 1978 film about a great-dane chair. film was made by Charles and Ray. ""as you move forward, it's not about just doing one thing,"" says director.","The legendary design team Charles and Ray Eames made films, houses and classic midcentury modern furniture. Eames Demetrios, their grandson, shows rarely seen films and archival footage in a lively, loving tribute to their creative process."
471,"And the Big Viz is a collection of 650 sketches that were made by two visual artists. And this is the part of the brain that will recognize what something is. The third part that I'd like to talk about is the limbic system. So the combination of these processing centers help us make meaning in very different ways. So what can we learn about this? So, for example, when you look at this image a good graphic invites the eye to dart around, to selectively create a visual logic. So the point of this is what? We make meaning by seeing, by an act of visual interrogation. Secondly make those images interactive so that we engage much more fully. And I believe that these three principles can be applied to solving some of the very tough problems that we face in the world today.",the big viz is a collection of 650 sketches that were made by two visual artists. the limbic system is the part of the brain that will recognize what something is. the three principles can be applied to solving some of the tough problems that we face.,"Information designer Tom Wujec talks through three areas of the brain that help us understand words, images, feelings, connections. In this short talk from TEDU, he asks: How can we best engage our brains to help us better understand big ideas?"
472,"This is a picture of my family, my four siblings -- my mom and I -- taken in 1977. So how did a Cambodian family end up in Vietnam in 1977? The communist Khmer Rouge enters Phnom Penh to liberate their people from the encroaching conflict in Vietnam, and American bombing campaigns. And here is a picture of the Khmer Rouge. And we know money is the root of all evil, but it didn't actually stop evil from happening in Cambodia, in fact. And it was at that time that my mother got word from the commune chief that the Vietnamese were actually asking for their citizens to go back to Vietnam. And she decided, despite the advice of her neighbors, that she would take the chance and claim to be Vietnamese so that we could have a chance to survive, because at this point they're forcing everybody to work. And my mother's Vietnamese was so bad that to make our story more credible, she'd given all the boys and girls new Vietnamese names. And this is a picture of Hong Ngu, Vietnam today. And she was able to return to a place that for her meant freedom, but also fear, because we had just come out of Cambodia.","cnn's richard quest remembers his mother's decision to return to vietnam in 1977. her mother's Vietnamese was so bad that to make her story more credible, she gave all the boys and girls new Vietnamese names. her mother was able to return to a place that for her meant freedom, but also fear.",TED Fellow Sophal Ear shares the compelling story of his family's escape from Cambodia under the rule of the Khmer Rouge. He recounts his mother's cunning and determination to save her children.
473,"And I was pulling a molecule out of this bag. And I was thinking that your body hated it, at the time, because we are very immune to this. Now, I was thinking about that and I said, you know, we've got this immune response to this ridiculous molecule that we don't make, and we see it a lot in other animals and stuff. (Laughter) So you can take a bacteria that really doesn't make these things at all, and if you could clamp these on it really well you have it taken off the street. And for certain bacteria we don't have really efficient ways to do that anymore. So probably it doesn't matter 50 years from now -- streptococcus and stuff like that will be rampant -- because we won't be here. But if we are -- (Laughter) we're going to need something to do with the bacteria. So I started working with this thing, with a bunch of collaborators. So you can find a little feature on a bacterium that you don't like, like Staphylococcus -- I don't like it in particular, because it killed a professor friend of mine last year. So I don't like it.","streptococcus and stuff like that will be rampant 50 years from now. but if we are going to need something to do with the bacteria, we're going to need something to do with them. you can find a little feature on a bacterium you don't like, like Staphylococcus.","(NOTE: This talk was given in 2009, and this field of science has developed quickly since then. Read ""Criticisms & updates"" below for more details.) Drug-resistant bacteria kills, even in top hospitals. But now tough infections like staph and anthrax may be in for a surprise. Nobel-winning chemist Kary Mullis, who watched a friend die when powerful antibiotics failed, unveils a radical new cure that shows extraordinary promise."
474,"What's really going on? The aggregate numbers now are that basically squatters, all one billion of them, are building the urban world, which means they're building the world -- personally, one by one, family by family, clan by clan, neighborhood by neighborhood. There is a lot of people who think about all these poor people, ""Oh there's terrible things. This is what makes cities -- (Applause) this is what makes cities so green in the developing world. Where do you think the action is going to be? Because remember, this is what drives the prosperity in the developing world in the villages and in the cities. Almost all of these are not only small, they are proliferation-proof. And as those events keep happening we're going to say, ""Okay, what can we do about that really?"" Where they do it? So here is where we are.","squatters are building the urban world, one by one, family by family, clan by clan. this is what drives the prosperity in the developing world in the villages and in the cities. where do you think the action is going to be?","The man who helped usher in the environmental movement in the 1960s and '70s has been rethinking his positions on cities, nuclear power, genetic modification and geo-engineering. This talk at the US State Department is a foretaste of his major new book, sure to provoke widespread debate."
475,"With such a big space, the problem is obviously that there is a discrepancy between what your body can embrace, and what the space, in that sense, is. How do we know that being in a space makes a difference? And it's on the other side also, I think, quite beautiful, as it somehow shows the turbulence in these kind of downtown areas, in these different places of the world. The ""Green river,"" as a kind of activist idea, not a part of an exhibition, it was really about showing people, in this city, as they walk by, that space has dimensions. This whole idea of a city not being a picture is, I think, something that art, in a sense, always was working with. So these are different experiments with that. It doesn't really tell you what you're looking at. If you have a waterfall in there, right out there at the horizon; you look at the waterfall and you go, ""Oh, the water is falling really slowly."" Adding a measurement to that is interesting: the falling water suddenly gives you a sense of, ""Oh, Brooklyn is exactly this much -- the distance between Brooklyn and Manhattan, in this case the lower East River is this big."" Because I think it makes a difference whether you have a body that feels a part of a space, rather than having a body which is just in front of a picture.","""green river"" is a kind of activist idea, not a part of an exhibition. it was really about showing people, in this city, as they walk by, that space has dimensions. falling water suddenly gives you a sense of ""Oh, Brooklyn is exactly this much""","In the spectacular large-scale projects he's famous for (such as ""Waterfalls"" in New York harbor), Olafur Eliasson creates art from a palette of space, distance, color and light. This idea-packed talk begins with an experiment in the nature of perception."
476,"And the way we do this is we basically place this through the soft tissue, and kind of punch it into the hard bone, into the tuchus -- that's a technical term -- and aspirate about 10 mls of bone marrow out, each time, with a syringe. So I'm thinking, you know, this procedure hasn't changed in about 40 years. This is it. And the Marrow Miner, the way it works is shown here. And, so, very quickly, Bob can just get one puncture, local anesthesia, and do this harvest as an outpatient. And we found, to our surprise, that we not only got bone marrow out, but we got 10 times the stem cell activity in the marrow from the Marrow Miner, compared to the normal device. This device was just FDA approved in the last year. And we got, again, about three to six times more stem cells than the standard approach done on the same patient. Adult stem cells are throughout our body, including the blood-forming stem cells in our bone marrow, which we've been using as a form of stem-cell therapy for over 40 years. It may even enable you to bank your own marrow stem cells, when you're younger and healthier, to use in the future should you need it.",the Marrow Miner harvests bone marrow using a syringe. the device was just FDA approved in the last year. it may even enable you to bank your own marrow stem cells.,"Daniel Kraft demos his Marrow Miner -- a new device that quickly harvests life-saving bone marrow with minimal pain to the donor. He emphasizes that the adult stem cells found in bone marrow can be used to treat many terminal conditions, from Parkinson's to heart disease."
477,"And so some of the brains that I've studied are people you know about. The pattern is that those people, every one of them I looked at, who was a murderer, and was a serial killer, had damage to their orbital cortex, which is right above the eyes, the orbits, and also the interior part of the temporal lobe. So there is the pattern that every one of them had, but they all were a little different too. And there is a variant of this gene that is in the normal population. Some of you have this. And so in this way you can only get it from your mother. And what I think might happen in these areas of the world, where we have constant violence, you end up having generations of kids that are seeing all this violence. But then my mother said to me, ""I hear you've been going around talking about psychopathic killers. But the bad news is that your cousin is also Lizzie Borden. And we don't know where it's going to pop up.",a variant of the gene that is in the normal population is in the normal population. a variant of the gene that is in the normal population is in the normal population. a variant of the gene that is in the normal population is in the normal population.,"Psychopathic killers are the basis for some must-watch TV, but what really makes them tick? Neuroscientist Jim Fallon talks about brain scans and genetic analysis that may uncover the rotten wiring in the nature (and nurture) of murderers. In a too-strange-for-fiction twist, he shares a fascinating family history that makes his work chillingly personal."
478,"Now what is so interesting and to some, the extent, what's a bit infamous about ""The Origin of Species,"" is that there is only one line in it about human evolution. And what Darwin could not appreciate, or didn't perhaps want to appreciate at the time, is that there was a fundamental relationship between the intensity of ultraviolet radiation and skin pigmentation. And that skin pigmentation itself was a product of evolution. So, it's wonderful. This had tremendous consequences for the evolution of human skin pigmentation. What they haven't been so good about instructing people is the problem of darkly pigmented people living in high latitude areas, or working inside all the time. So we have, in skin pigmentation, one of these wonderful products of evolution that still has consequences for us today. But we need to think about how he compares, in terms of his pigmentation, to other people on Earth. Now what is wonderful about the evolution of human skin pigmentation, and the phenomenon of pigmentation, is that it is the demonstration, the evidence, of evolution by natural selection, right on your body. Isn't it wonderful?","gene seymour: evolution of human skin pigmentation is a product of natural selection. he says it shows evolution by natural selection right on your body. seymour: we need to think about how he compares, in terms of his pigmentation, to others on earth.","Nina Jablonski says that differing skin colors are simply our bodies' adaptation to varied climates and levels of UV exposure. Charles Darwin disagreed with this theory, but she explains, that's because he did not have access to NASA."
479,"What they have in common is what we see unlocks what we cannot see. What these pictures demonstrate is that there is a moral sense across all religions, across all faiths, across all continents -- a moral sense that not only do we share the pain of others, and believe in something bigger than ourselves but we have a duty to act when we see things that are wrong that need righted, see injuries that need to be corrected, see problems that need to be rectified. We now have the capacity to find common ground with people who we will never meet, but who we will meet through the Internet and through all the modern means of communication; that we now have the capacity to organize and take collective action together to deal with the problem or an injustice that we want to deal with; and I believe that this makes this a unique age in human history, and it is the start of what I would call the creation of a truly global society. She was so appalled by what was happening in Austria as a result of the First World War and what was happening to children who were part of the defeated families of Austria, that in Britain she wanted to take action, but she had to go house to house, leaflet to leaflet, to get people to attend a rally in the Royal Albert Hall that eventually gave birth to Save the Children, an international organization that is now fully recognized as one of the great institutions in our land and in the world. I was with Nelson Mandela a year ago, when he was in London. Is it not absolutely scandalous that we have a situation where we know that there is a climate change problem, where we know also that that will mean we have to give more resources to the poorest countries to deal with that, when we want to create a global carbon market, but there is no global institution that people have been able to agree upon to deal with this problem? (Applause) One of the reasons why an institution is not in itself enough is that we have got to persuade people around the world to change their behavior as well, so you need that global ethic of fairness and responsibility across the generations. We do not have the basis of a proper partnership for the future, and yet, out of people’s desire for a global ethic and a global society that can be done. When you looked in her eyes, any girl at the age of eleven is looking forward to the future, but there was an unreachable sadness in that girl’s eyes and if I could have translated that to the rest of the world for that moment, I believe that all the work that it had done for the global HIV/AIDS fund would be rewarded by people being prepared to make donations. That global ethic can infuse the fairness and responsibility that is necessary for these institutions to work, but we should not lose the chance in this generation, in this decade in particular, with President Obama in America, with other people working with us around the world, to create global institutions for the environment, and for finance, and for security and for development, that make sense of our responsibility to other peoples, our desire to bind the world together, and our need to tackle problems that everybody knows exist.","sally kohn: what we see unlocks what we cannot see. kohn: we have a moral sense across all religions, across all faiths, across all continents. she says we have the capacity to organize and take collective action together. kohn: we have got to persuade people around the world to change their behavior.","We're at a unique moment in history, says UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown: we can use today's interconnectedness to develop our shared global ethic -- and work together to confront the challenges of poverty, security, climate change and the economy."
480,"I'm mentioning all this -- I'm mentioning all this because I think this is not merely a personal problem; you may think I'm wrong in this, but I think we live in an age when our lives are regularly punctuated by career crises, by moments when what we thought we knew -- about our lives, about our careers -- comes into contact with a threatening sort of reality. I want to look now, if I may, at some of the reasons why we might be feeling anxiety about our careers. I think there is. (Laughter) (Applause) In a way, if you like, at one end of the spectrum of sympathy, you've got the tabloid newspaper. And I think that is the message of tragedy to us, and why it's so very, very important, I think. We are the first society to be living in a world where we don't worship anything other than ourselves. And the thing about a successful life is that a lot of the time, our ideas of what it would mean to live successfully are not our own. So what I want to argue for is not that we should give up on our ideas of success, but we should make sure that they are our own. Because it's bad enough not getting what you want, but it's even worse to have an idea of what it is you want, and find out, at the end of the journey, that it isn't, in fact, what you wanted all along. But how do you reconcile this idea of it being bad to think of someone as a ""loser,"" with the idea that a lot of people like, of seizing control of your life, and that a society that encourages that, perhaps has to have some winners and losers?","a lot of the time, our ideas of what it would mean to live successfully are not our own. a lot of the time, our ideas of what it would mean to live successfully are not our own. a lot of people like, of seizing control of their lives, a society that encourages that.","Alain de Botton examines our ideas of success and failure -- and questions the assumptions underlying these two judgments. Is success always earned? Is failure? He makes an eloquent, witty case to move beyond snobbery to find true pleasure in our work."
481,"So, from both directions, there is kind of, I think, a lack of understanding about what it could mean to be an artist who uses the materials of his own day, or her own day, which I think artists are obliged to do, is to really explore the expressive potential of the new tools that we have. And that's how I do it. So. So what we're really seeing here is a phenomenon called phonaesthesia, which is a kind of synesthesia that all of you have. So. So in addition to the full body, and in addition to the voice, another thing that I've been really interested in, most recently, is the use of the eyes, or the gaze, in terms of how people relate to each other. And you can see here that what it's doing is it's recording my eyes every time I blink. I'd like to show you thing called Snout, which is -- The idea behind this project is to make a robot that appears as if it's continually surprised to see you. And the idea is basically, can it look at you and make you feel as if like, ""What? This language is communicating that it is surprised to see you, and it's interested in looking at you.",artists are obliged to explore the expressive potential of the new tools that we have. phonaesthesia is a kind of synesthesia that all of you have. snout is a robot that appears as if it's continually surprised to see you.,"Golan Levin, an artist and engineer, uses modern tools -- robotics, new software, cognitive research -- to make artworks that surprise and delight. Watch as sounds become shapes, bodies create paintings, and a curious eye looks back at the curious viewer."
482,"It's the question of, why are we so different from the chimpanzees? (Laughter) If they haven't got a paradigm they can't ask the question. That's why you don't hear them talking about it. I'd like to talk about just a handful of what have been called the hallmarks of mankind, the things that made us different from everybody else, and all our relatives. There is only one circumstance in which they always, all of them, walk on two legs, and that is when they are wading through water. Well they do know, that if you look at other aquatic mammals, the fat that in most land mammals is deposited inside the body wall, around the kidneys and the intestines and so on, has started to migrate to the outside, and spread out in a layer inside the skin. And the ironic thing about it is that they are not staving off the aquatic theory to protect a theory of their own, which they've all agreed on, and they love. Of course they don't believe it, but they like it."" And they can't all be wrong, can they?"" (Applause) And if you've got a scientific problem like that, you can't solve it by holding a head count, and saying, ""More of us say yes than say no.""","chimpanzees don't believe the aquatic theory, but they like it. if you've got a scientific problem like that, you can't solve it by holding a head count. if you've got a problem like that, you can't solve it by holding head count.","(NOTE: Statements in this talk have been challenged by scientists working in this field. Read ""Criticisms & updates"" below for more details.) Elaine Morgan was a tenacious proponent of a theory that is not widely accepted. The aquatic ape hypothesis lays out the idea that humans evolved from primate ancestors who dwelt in watery habitats. Hear her spirited defense of the idea -- and her theory on why science doesn't take it seriously."
483,"What I wanted to do is to show the world that the little things can be the biggest things. What made me do this work? What made me do it? (Laughter) So I did. (Laughter) And then he said to me, ""I don't believe you can do it. So I was crushing up these pieces of glass, which, as you can see, that's the actual frame of the house. And it went like this ... And then that was it. So to cut the story short, I decided that I had to go back and do it. When I did this one, a gentleman seen it and said to me, ""There's no way you can do this, you must have used some kind of machine. And this is it.","bob greene: i wanted to show the world that the little things can be the big things. greene: i was crushing up pieces of glass, which is the actual frame of the house. he says a gentleman saw it and said to him, ""there's no way you can do this, you must have used some kind of machine"" greene: i wanted to show the world that the little things can be the biggest things.","Willard Wigan tells the story of how a difficult and lonely childhood drove him to discover his unique ability -- to create art so tiny that it can't be seen with the naked eye. His slideshow of figures, as seen through a microscope, can only be described as mind-boggling."
484,"Now I see you've all been enjoying the water that's been provided for you here at the conference, over the past couple of days. Okay, I'm going to give you a bit of a demonstration. And this is the water. But I got to thinking, you know, if we were in the middle of a flood zone in Bangladesh, the water wouldn't look like this. So I'm just going to put that in there. So we're just going to put that in there as well. You just scoop the water up. Okay, so I'm going to take this really filthy water, and put it in here. (Applause) There you go Chris. And people are forced to come into the camps to get their safe drinking water.",people are forced to come into the camps to get their safe drinking water. people are forced to come into the camps to get their water.,"Too much of the world lacks access to clean drinking water. Engineer Michael Pritchard did something about it -- inventing the portable Lifesaver filter, which can make the most revolting water drinkable in seconds. An amazing demo from TEDGlobal 2009."
485,"I want to argue that there is a general abstract insight that we can make practical, which is that, if we can give more choices to people, and more choices to leaders -- who, in many countries, are also people. But if we can find ways to give more choices to both, that will give us a set of rules for changing rules that get us out of traps. And he says that if you want to see the damaging effects of rules, the ways that rules can keep people in the dark, look at the pictures from NASA of the earth at night. If you try to change the rules in a village, you could do that, but a village would be too small to get the kinds of benefits you can get if you have millions of people all working under good rules. We start with a charter that specifies all the rules required to attract the people who we'll need to build the city. This model is all about choices, both for leaders and for the people who will live in these new places. Now, if we generalize this and think about not just one or two charter cites, but dozens -- cities that will help create places for the many hundreds of millions, perhaps billions of people who will move to cities in the coming century -- is there enough land for them? So if we wanted to build cities for another billion people, they would be dots like this. The reason we can be so well off, even though there is so many people on earth, is because of the power of ideas. If we can keep innovating on our space of rules, and particularly innovate in the sense of coming up with rules for changing rules, so we don't get stuck with bad rules, then we can keep moving progress forward and truly make the world a better place, so that people like Nelson and his friends don't have to study any longer under the streetlights.","john avlon: if we can give more choices to people, and more choices to leaders, we can change rules. avlon: if we can find ways to give more choices to both, that will give us a set of rules. he says we can keep innovating on our space of rules so we don't get stuck with bad rules. avlon: if we can keep innovating on our space of rules, we can keep moving progress forward","How can a struggling country break out of poverty if it's trapped in a system of bad rules? Economist Paul Romer unveils a bold idea: ""charter cities,"" city-scale administrative zones governed by a coalition of nations. (Could Guantánamo Bay become the next Hong Kong?)"
486,"What's happening now, in this field called biomimicry, is that people are beginning to remember that organisms, other organisms, the rest of the natural world, are doing things very similar to what we need to do. It was called the bullet train because it was rounded in front, but every time it went into a tunnel it would build up a pressure wave, and then it would create like a sonic boom when it exited. And he thought, ""What if we do this?"" There is a company called Sharklet Technologies that's now putting this on the surfaces in hospitals to keep bacteria from landing, which is better than dousing it with anti-bacterials or harsh cleansers that many, many organisms are now becoming drug resistant. And now kinetic and architectural firms like Grimshaw are starting to look at this as a way of coating buildings so that they gather water from the fog. One of our major inventions that we need to be able to do to come even close to what these organisms can do is to find a way to minimize the amount of material, the kind of material we use, and to add design to it. In our world we use about 350 polymers to make all this. And they're creating -- you can think of it as a kind of wallpaper. This is a depiction of all of the water on Earth in relation to the volume of the Earth -- all the ice, all the fresh water, all the sea water -- and all the atmosphere that we can breathe, in relation to the volume of the Earth. It's called AskNature.org.",in our world we use about 350 polymers to make all of this. askNature.org depicts all of the water on Earth in relation to the volume of the Earth. it's better than dousing it with anti-bacterials or harsh cleansers.,"Janine Benyus has a message for inventors: When solving a design problem, look to nature first. There you'll find inspired designs for making things waterproof, aerodynamic, solar-powered and more. Here she reveals dozens of new products that take their cue from nature with spectacular results."
487,"Also one thing that kept me pushing this story, this painful stories out, the dreams I have, sometimes, is like the voices of the dead, that I have seen would tell me, ""Don't give up. One of the journey that I tread when I was tempted to eat my friend because we had no food and we were like around 400. (Applause) What energized me and kept me going is the music I do. So now I'm doing music so I know what the power of music is. And so, the importance of education to me is what I'm willing to die for. I'm willing to die for this, because I know what it can do to my people. But I'll ask you guys to stand up so we celebrate the life of a British aid worker called Emma McCune that made it possible for me to be here. And so at this moment I want to ask to celebrate Emma with me. ♫ ♫ You would have seen my face on the telly ♫ ♫ Fat hungry belly ♫ ♫ Flies in my eyes, head too big for my size ♫ ♫ Just another little starving child ♫ ♫ Running around in Africa, born to be wild ♫ ♫ Praise God, praise the Almighty ♫ ♫ for sending an angel to rescue me ♫ ♫ I got a reason for being on this Earth ♫ ♫ 'Cause I know more than many what a life is worth ♫ ♫ Now that I got a chance to stand my ground ♫ ♫ I'm gonna run over mountains, leaps and bounds ♫ ♫ I ain't an angel, hope I'll be one soon ♫ ♫ And if I am, I wanna be like Emma McCune ♫ ♫ Me! ♫ ♫ Another starving refugee ♫ ♫ I remember the time when I was small ♫ ♫ When I couldn't read or write at all ♫ ♫ Now I'm all grown up, I got my education ♫ ♫ The sky is the limit and I can't be stopped by no one ♫ ♫ How I prayed for this day to come ♫ ♫ And I pray that the world find wisdom ♫ ♫ To give the poor in need some assistance ♫ ♫ Instead of putting up resistance, yeah ♫ ♫ Sitting and waiting for the politics to fix this ♫ ♫ It ain't gonna happen ♫ ♫ They're all sitting on they asses ♫ ♫ Popping champagne and sponging off the masses ♫ ♫ Coming from a refugee boy-soldier ♫ ♫ But I still got my dignity ♫ ♫ I gotta say it again ♫ ♫ If Emma never rescued me ♫ ♫ I'd be a corpse on the African plain ♫ Is there anybody who's here in the back, some love.","british aid worker, Emma McCune, was born to be a starving child in africa. she was rescued by an angel when she couldn't read or write at all. now she's grown up, she's doing music so she knows what the power of music is.","For five years, young Emmanuel Jal fought as a child soldier in the Sudan. Rescued by an aid worker, he's become an international hip-hop star and an activist for kids in war zones. In words and lyrics, he tells the story of his amazing life."
488,"A little over 20 years ago, I did something that I regret, something that I'm not particularly proud of. I saw somebody kind of make the motion over here -- some people have a great idea where they light the match, melt the side of the candle, try to adhere it to the wall. I mean, I'm an American. These contingent motivators -- if you do this, then you get that -- work in some circumstances. Everybody in this room is dealing with their own version of the candle problem. I'm an American; I don't believe in philosophy. And if we really want to get out of this economic mess, if we really want high performance on those definitional tasks of the 21st century, the solution is not to do more of the wrong things, to entice people with a sweeter carrot, or threaten them with a sharper stick. How they do it, when they do it, where they do it, is totally up to them. Do it because you like to do it. So, if we repair this mismatch between science and business, if we bring our motivation, notions of motivation into the 21st century, if we get past this lazy, dangerous, ideology of carrots and sticks, we can strengthen our businesses, we can solve a lot of those candle problems, and maybe, maybe -- we can change the world.","jeffrey toobin: 20 years ago, i did something that I regret, something that I'm not particularly proud of. toobin: if we repair this mismatch between science and business, we can strengthen our businesses. he says we can solve a lot of those candle problems, and maybe, maybe, we can change the world. toobin: if we get past this lazy, dangerous, ideology of carrots and sticks, we can strengthen our businesses.","Career analyst Dan Pink examines the puzzle of motivation, starting with a fact that social scientists know but most managers don't: Traditional rewards aren't always as effective as we think. Listen for illuminating stories -- and maybe, a way forward."
489,"The thought that you wouldn't want to transfer electric power wirelessly, no one ever thought of that. And for those of us that have an environmental element to us, there is something like 40 billion disposable batteries built every year for power that, generally speaking, is used within a few inches or a few feet of where there is very inexpensive power. So fortunately, one of the other definitions of ""suck"" that was in there, it does create a vacuum. And those two coils of wire are really, really close to each other, and actually do transfer power magnetically and wirelessly, only over a very short distance. What Dr. Soljacic figured out how to do was separate the coils in a transformer to a greater distance than the size of those transformers using this technology, which is not dissimilar from the way an opera singer shatters a glass on the other side of the room. Imagine driving into your garage -- we've built a system to do this -- you drive into your garage, and the car charges itself, because there is a mat on the floor that's plugged into the wall. But then what's going to happen is, it will create a field. The 10 seconds actually are because we -- I don't know if any of you have ever thought about plugging a T.V. So I thought we put a little computer in it that has to wake up to tell it to do that. And think of what that would do for you.","bob greene: 40 billion disposable batteries are built every year for power. he says a transformer can transfer power magnetically and wirelessly, only over a short distance. he says it's not dissimilar to the way an opera singer shatters a glass on the other side of the room. greene: we've built a system to do this -- we drive into your garage and the car charges itself.","Eric Giler wants to untangle our wired lives with cable-free electric power. Here, he covers what this sci-fi tech offers, and demos MIT's breakthrough version, WiTricity -- a near-to-market invention that may soon recharge your cell phone, car, pacemaker."
490,"So, you can see that what we have on this axis here is size of family. And you see all the world moves over to a two child family, and a life with 60 to 70 years. Because what you see here, what you see here is the flat world of Thomas Friedman, isn't it. We have a continuum in the world. This is the world. They say, ""This is not fair, because these countries had vaccines and antibiotics that were not available for Sweden. This is HIV in the countries. And you can see it's not that easy, that it is war which caused this. They are very different. And this institution will have a very crucial role, not for United States, but for the world.","bob greene: all the world moves over to a two child family, and a life with 60 to 70 years. greene: what you see here is the flat world of Thomas Friedman, isn't it? he says this institution will have a very crucial role, not for the united states, but for the world. greene: this institution will have a very crucial role, not for the united states, but for the world.","Talking at the US State Department this summer, Hans Rosling uses his fascinating data-bubble software to burst myths about the developing world. Look for new analysis on China and the post-bailout world, mixed with classic data shows."
491,"I love the idea that people will sit in one room for a couple of hours and listen. ""Upwake"" tells the story of Zero, a modern-day business man, going to work with his life in a suitcase, stuck between dream and reality and not able to decipher the two. I project 3D animation on all the four surfaces of the stage which I interact with. I didn't use it as a special effect, but as a partner on stage. It's as lavish and intricate as it is simple and minimal. And I think the reason why is that I was able to use their language and their reality in order to transport them into another. Zero became a person and not just a character in a play. Zero is Zero, a little hero of the 21st Century, and Zero can touch so many more people than I possibly could. There is a revolution in the way that we think, in the way that we share, and the way that we express our stories, our evolution. We are not here to question the possible; we are here to challenge the impossible.","""Upwake"" tells the story of a modern-day business man stuck between dream and reality. ""zero is Zero, a little hero of the 21st Century,"" says nicolaus mills. mills: ""there is a revolution in the way that we think, in the way that we share""","Natasha Tsakos presents part of her one-woman, multimedia show, ""Upwake."" As the character Zero, she blends dream and reality with an inventive virtual world projected around her in 3D animation and electric sound."
492,"Now, imagine each one of these varieties as being distinct from another about the same way as a poodle from a Great Dane. So if I were to going to show you all the beans in the world, and I had a slide like this, and I switched it every second, it would take up my entire TED talk, and I wouldn't have to say anything. And the Fowler apple is described in here -- I hope this doesn't surprise you -- as, ""a beautiful fruit."" I want to show you two slides, but first, I want to tell you that we've been working at the Global Crop Diversity Trust with a number of scientists -- particularly at Stanford and University of Washington -- to ask the question: What's going to happen to agriculture in an era of climate change and what kind of traits and characteristics do we need in our agricultural crops to be able to adapt to this? In short, the answer is that in the future, in many countries, the coldest growing seasons are going to be hotter than anything those crops have seen in the past. By 2030, if the maize, or corn, varieties, which is the dominant crop -- 50 percent of the nutrition in Southern Africa are still in the field -- in 2030, we'll have a 30 percent decrease in production of maize because of the climate change already in 2030. We have collected and conserved a great deal of biological diversity, agricultural diversity, mostly in the form of seed, and we put it in seed banks, which is a fancy way of saying a freezer. So, a number of us got together and decided that, you know, enough is enough and we need to do something about that and we need to have a facility that can really offer protection for our biological diversity of -- maybe not the most charismatic diversity. I can't look you in the eyes and tell you that I have a solution for climate change, for the water crisis. I can't look you in the eyes and tell you that I have a simple solution for that, but I can look you in the eyes and tell you that we can't solve any of those problems if we don't have crop diversity.","by 2030, we'll have a 30 percent decrease in production of maize because of climate change. by 2030, if the dominant crop is still in the field, we'll have a 30 percent decrease in production of maize. we need to have a facility that can really offer protection for our biological diversity.","The wheat, corn and rice we grow today may not thrive in a future threatened by climate change. Cary Fowler takes us inside the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a vast treasury buried within a frozen mountain in Norway, that stores a diverse group of food-crop seeds ... for whatever tomorrow may bring."
493,"But it looks like -- I'm guessing -- that it'll be about 60 percent of the room because that's roughly the fraction of developed world population that have some sort of vision correction. And the problem of poor vision, is actually not just a health problem, it's also an educational problem, and it's an economic problem, and it's a quality of life problem. The problem is, there aren't enough eye care professionals in the world to use the model of the delivery of corrective eyewear that we have in the developed world. In fact, there are some countries in sub-Saharan Africa where there's one optometrist for eight million of the population. And the idea is you make eye glasses, and you adjust them yourself and that solves the problem. What I want to do is to show you that one can make a pair of glasses. I shall just show you how you make a pair of glasses. And that vision is to try to get a billion people wearing the glasses they need by the year 2020. To do that -- this is an early example of the technology. How do you have people realizing that they have a vision problem?",there aren't enough eye care professionals in the world to use the model of corrective eyewear. there are some countries in sub-saharan africa where there's one optometrist for eight million of the population. to get a billion people wearing the glasses they need by the year 2020.,"Josh Silver delivers his brilliantly simple solution for correcting vision at the lowest cost possible -- adjustable, liquid-filled lenses. At TEDGlobal 2009, he demos his affordable eyeglasses and reveals his global plan to distribute them to a billion people in need by 2020."
494,"What I'm going to try and do is to give some pointers to what I think is the landscape on the other side of the crisis, what things we should be looking out for and how we can actually use the crisis. And I want to talk about how we ensure that this crisis, which is by no means small, really is used to the full. But what I want to talk about begins when I was at this city, this university, as a student. We've got to do whatever we can to help them, but we've also got to ask, I think, a more profound question of whether we use this crisis to jump forward to a different kind of economy that's more suited to human needs, to a better balance of economy and society. And I think you can see around us now, some of the green shoots of a very different kind of economy and capitalism which could grow. And I'm a very small part of a very large movement, which for some people is about survival, but is also about values, about a different kind of economy, which isn't so much about consumption and credit, but about things which matter to us. And everywhere, as people think about the unprecedented sums which are being spent of our money and our children's money, now, in the depth of this crisis, they're asking: Surely, we should be using this with a longer-term vision to accelerate the shift to a green economy, to prepare for aging, to deal with some of the inequalities which scar countries like this and the United States rather than just giving the money to the incumbents? And what people are beginning to ask is: Surely, just as we invest in R and D, two, three, four percent, of our GDP, of our economy, what if we put, let's say, one percent of public spending into social innovation, into elder care, new kinds of education, new ways of helping the disabled? It will become more involved in social investment, and social care and in industries where the value comes from what you do with others, not just from what you sell to them, and from relationships as well as from consumption. But this is one of those very rare moments when we have to choose whether we're just pedaling furiously to get back to where we were a year or two ago, and a very narrow idea of what the economy is for, or whether this is a moment to jump ahead, to reboot and to do some of the things we probably should have been doing anyway.","john avlon: people are asking: Surely we should be using this with a longer-term vision. avlon: we need to accelerate the shift to a green economy, to prepare for aging. avlon: we have to choose whether we're just pedaling furiously to get back to where we were a year ago.","As we reboot the world's economy, Geoff Mulgan poses a question: Instead of sending bailout money to doomed old industries, why not use stimulus funds to bootstrap some new, socially responsible companies -- and make the world a little bit better?"
495,"Now, cymatics is the process of visualizing sound by basically vibrating a medium such as sand or water, as you can see there. He created an experiment using a metal plate, covering it with sand and then bowing it to create the Chladni patterns that you see here on the right. As you can see with your own eyes. (Applause) So, what excites me about cymatics? Through the numerous ways that we can apply cymatics, we can actually start to unveil the substance of things not seen. Devices like the cymascope, which you can see here, have been used to scientifically observe cymatic patterns. This image here is created from a snippet of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony playing through a cymatic device. We can also use cymatics as a looking glass into nature. So, for example, here on the left we can see a snowflake as it would appear in nature. And if we kind of ponder on that, then perhaps cymatics had an influence on the formation of the universe itself.","cymatics is the process of visualizing sound by basically vibrating a medium such as sand or water. we can use cymatics as a looking glass into nature, for example, a snowflake.","Evan Grant demonstrates the science and art of cymatics, a process for making soundwaves visible. Useful for analyzing complex sounds (like dolphin calls), it also makes complex and beautiful designs."
496,"What I'd like to do first is take you through a very brief helicopter ride of stunts and the stunts industry in the movies and in television, and show you how technology has started to interface with the physical skills of the stunt performer in a way that makes the stunts bigger and actually makes them safer than they've ever been before. And that's in the up position. We used to have to drive up a ramp, and we still do sometimes. It's 30 feet. He did a jump from 100,000 feet, 102,000 to be precise, and he did it to test high altitude systems for military pilots in the new range of aircraft that were going up to 80,000 feet or so. Now one of the challenges of going up to altitude is when you get to 30,000 feet -- it's great, isn't it? So I've had to do quite a lot of training. This is what the view is going to be like at 90,000 feet for me. Trying to find a space suit to do this has led me to an area of technology that I never really expected when I set about doing this. I would like to bring Costa on, if he's here, to show you the only one of its kind in the world.","cnn's john sutter takes you on a helicopter ride of stunts and the stunt industry. sutter: technology has interfaced with the physical skills of the stunt performer. he says it makes the stunts bigger and safer than they've ever been before. sutter: ""i would like to bring Costa on to show you the only one of its kind in the world""","At his day job, Steve Truglia flips cars, walks through fire and falls out of buildings -- pushing technology to make stunts bigger, safer, more awesome. He talks us through his next stunt: the highest jump ever attempted, from the very edge of space."
497,"So, having seen all of this in the course of a 30-year career, I was still a skeptic about climate change until about 10 years ago, because I thought the story of climate change was based on computer models. When I realized that climate change was real, and it was not based on computer models, I decided that one day I would do a project looking at trying to manifest climate change photographically. This is what one of our cameras saw over the course of a few months. We're going to be up there in just a few more weeks, and we expect that it's probably retreated another half a mile, but if I got there and discovered that it had collapsed and it was five miles further back, I wouldn't be the least bit surprised. Now it's really hard to grasp the scale of these places, because as the glaciers -- one of the things is that places like Alaska and Greenland are huge, they're not normal landscapes -- but as the glaciers are retreating, they're also deflating, like air is being let out of a balloon. That's what you see with these cameras. So that's where we started three years ago, way out on the left, and that's where we were a few months ago, the last time we went into Columbia. And here, if you watch, you can see the terminus retreating. The one glacier up in Greenland that puts more ice into the global ocean than all the other glaciers in the northern hemisphere combined is the Ilulissat Glacier. It's hard to get it.","glaciers retreat, deflate, like air is being let out of a balloon. one glacier up in Greenland puts more ice into the global ocean than all the other glaciers. photographer: ""we're going to be up there in just a few more weeks""","Photographer James Balog shares new image sequences from the Extreme Ice Survey, a network of time-lapse cameras recording glaciers receding at an alarming rate, some of the most vivid evidence yet of climate change."
498,"He could tell a story about an event, and so you felt you were absolutely there at the moment. Some people think that swimming is a very solo sport, you just dive into the sea and off you go. And I remember taking the goggles off my face and looking down at my hands in sheer shock, because my fingers had swollen so much that they were like sausages. And this dream which I had had ever since I was a young boy with my father, was just going out the window. And my close friend David, he saw the way I was thinking, and he came up to me and he said, ""Lewis, I've known you since you were 18 years old. I've known you, and I know, Lewis, deep down, right deep down here, that you are going to make this swim. Lewis, have the courage to go in there, because we are going to look after you every moment of it."" And I just, I got so much confidence from him saying that, because he knew me so well. But was it worth it? The second thing we need to do is we need to just look back at how far we have come in such a short period of time.","bob greene: some people think that swimming is a very solo sport, you just dive into the sea. greene: we need to look back at how far we have come in such a short period of time. he says we need to look back at how far we have come in such a short period of time. greene: we need to look back at how far we have come in such a short period of time.",Lewis Pugh talks about his record-breaking swim across the North Pole. He braved the icy waters (in a Speedo) to highlight the melting icecap. Watch for astonishing footage -- and some blunt commentary on the realities of supercold-water swims.
499,"So that's a problem in philosophy, but for today's purposes I'm going to assume that many people in this audience have a mind, and that I don't have to worry about this. Or to say, as Alan Greenspan did, ""I know you think you understand what you thought I said, but I'm not sure you realize that what you heard is not what I meant."" So first, the first thing I want to tell you is that there is a brain region in the human brain, in your brains, whose job it is to think about other people's thoughts. (Laughter) The second thing I want to say about this brain system is that although we human adults are really good at understanding other minds, we weren't always that way. Ivan comes back and he says, ""I want my cheese sandwich."" Child: I think he is going to take that one. RS: And Ivan says, ""I want my cheese sandwich."" (Laughter) And now what we've started to do in my lab is to put children into the brain scanner and ask what's going on in their brain as they develop this ability to think about other people's thoughts. So that's good, but of course what we'd rather is have a way to interfere with function in this brain region, and see if we could change people's moral judgment. But in the case of a failed attempt to harm, where Grace thought that it was poison, although it was really sugar, people now say it was more okay, she deserves less blame for putting the powder in the coffee.","a brain region in the human brain is whose job it is to think about other people's thoughts. child: we humans are really good at understanding other minds, but we weren't always that way. child: we've started to put children into the brain scanner and ask what's going on in their brains.","Sensing the motives and feelings of others is a natural talent for humans. But how do we do it? Here, Rebecca Saxe shares fascinating lab work that uncovers how the brain thinks about other peoples' thoughts -- and judges their actions."