Introduction

Node Advanced API is a Clean Architecture based OOP Template Project for NodeJs using TypeScript to implement with any user interface.

About Clean Architecture

• The clean architecture allows us to develop the use cases and the domain (business logic) of an application without worrying about the type of database, web server framework, protocols, services, providers, among other things that can be trivial.

• The clean architecture, the hexagonal architecture, the onion architecture and the ports and adapters architecture in the background can be the same, the final purpose is to decouple the business layer of our application from the outside world, basically it leads us to think about designing our solutions from the inside to outside and not from the outside to inside.

• The advantages that clean architecture offers us are very significant; it is one of the best practices for making scalable software that works for your business and not for your preferred framework.

• Clean architecture is basically based on the famous and well-known five SOLID principles that we will internalize.

The main philosophy of Node A2 is that your solution (domain and application, “business logic”) should be independent of the framework you use, therefore your code should NOT BE COUPLED to a specific framework or library, it should work in any framework.

Node A2 has the minimum tools necessary for you to develop the business logic of your back-end application.

Included Tools

Node A2 includes some tools in the src/application/shared path which are described below:

Locals

It is a internationalization tool that will allow you to manage and administer the local messages of your application, even with enriched messages.

We should create a Resource class with your values:

const keys = {
  SOMETHING_WAS_WRONG: "SOMETHING_WAS_WRONG",
  MISSING_ATTRIBUTES: "MISSING_ATTRIBUTES",
  ONLY_ENGLISH: "ONLY_ENGLISH"
}

enum LocaleType {
  EN = "en",
  PT_BR = "pt-br"
}

const locals = {
  [LocaleType.EN]: {
    [keys.SOMETHING_WAS_WRONG]: "Unknown Error",
    [keys.MISSING_ATTRIBUTES]: "Missing Attributes: %$s",
    [keys.ONLY_ENGLISH]: "This resource is not defined in another language"
  },
  [LocaleType.PT_BR]: {
    [keys.SOMETHING_WAS_WRONG]: "Erro desconhecido",
    [keys.MISSING_ATTRIBUTES]: "Atributos que falta: %$s. Feito por %$s"
  }
}

const resources = new Resources(locals, Object.values(keys), LocaleType.EN)

For use it in any user case, you should do something like:

console.log(resources.get(keys.SOMETHING_WAS_WRONG)) // Unknown Error

console.log(resources.getWithParams(keys.MISSING_ATTRIBUTES, "name: string, age: number", "Igor Hakcolt")) // Missing Attributes: name: string, age: number

console.log(resources.get(keys.ONLY_ENGLISH)) // This resource is not defined in another language

resources.language = LocaleType.PT_BR

console.log(resources.get(keys.SOMETHING_WAS_WRONG)) // Erro desconhecido

console.log(resources.getWithParams(keys.MISSING_ATTRIBUTES, "name: string, age: number", "Igor Hakcolt")) // Atributos que faltam: name: string, age: number por Igor Hakcolt

console.log(resources.get(keys.ONLY_ENGLISH)) // This resource is not defined in another language

This tool is now available as an GitHub Package.

Errors

Is a tool for separating controlled from uncontrolled errors and allows you to launch application errors according to your business rules, example:

It is important to note that the name of the context is concatenated with the name of the ApplicationError class in order to better identify the controlled errors.

The straightforward way to use it is as follows:

throw new ApplicationError(
  resources.get(resourceKeys.PROCESSING_DATA_CLIENT_ERROR),
  error.code || applicationStatusCode.BAD_REQUEST_ERROR,
  JSON.stringify(error) // Optional
)

Uncaught Errors will returns status 500 as result of the request and the error handler will print the error to the console.

Result

Result is a tool that helps us control the flow of our use cases and allows us to manage the response, be it an object, an array of objects, a message or an error as follows:

export class GetProductUseCase extends BaseUseCase {
  constructor(
    resources: Resources,
    private readonly healthProvider: IHealthProvider,
    private readonly productQueryService: IProductQueryService,
  ) {
    super(resources);
  }

  async execute(idMask: string): Promise<IResult<ProductDto>> {
    // We create the instance of our type of result at the beginning of the use case.
    const result = new Result<ProductDto>();
    // With the resulting object we can control validations within other functions.
    if (!this.validator.isValidEntry(result, { productMaskId: idMask })) {
      return result;
    }
    const product: Product = await this.productQueryService.getByMaskId(idMask);
    if (!product) {
      // The result object helps us with the error response and the code.
      result.setError(
        this.resources.get(resourceKeys.PRODUCT_DOES_NOT_EXIST),
        applicationStatusCodes.NOT_FOUND,
      );
      return result;
    }
    const productDto = ProductDto.fromJSON(product)
    // The result object also helps you with the response data.
    result.setData(productDto, this.applicationStatusCodes.SUCCESS);
    // And finally you give it back.
    return result;
  }
}

The Result object may or may not have a type of response, it fits your needs, and the Result instance without type cannot be assigned data.

const resultWithType = new Result<ProductDto>();
// or
const resultWithoutType = new Result();

For clean code you can return validation result and handles the error clean way through Result visitor pattern method like:

async execute(args: ActionDto): Promise<IResult> {
  const result = new Result();

  if (!this.isValidRequest(result, args)) return result;

  /*...*/

  return result;
}

The Result object can help you in unit tests as shown below:

it("should return a 400 error if quantity is null or zero", async () => {
  itemDto.quantity = null;
  const result = await addUseCase.execute({ userUid, itemDto });
  expect(result.success).toBeFalsy();
  expect(result.error).toBe(
    resources.getWithParams(resourceKeys.SOME_PARAMETERS_ARE_MISSING, "quantity: string"),
  );
  expect(result.statusCode).toBe(resultCodes.BAD_REQUEST);
});

This tool is now available as an NPM package.

Validator

The validator is a dynamic tool and with it you will be able to validate any type of object and/or parameters that your use case requires as input, in addition to also being able to validate email, passwords and so on.

/*...*/
  const missingAttributes = validation.validateObject(this, ["firstName:string", "lastName:string", "email:string", "gender:string", "password:string"])

  if (missingAttributes.length) {
    result.setError(resources.getWithParams(plurals.MISSING_ATRIBUTES, validation.formatMissingAttributes(missingAttributes)), 400)
    return false
    }

  if (!validation.validatePassword(this.password)) {
    result.setError(resources.get(strings.INVALID_PASSWORD), 400)
    return false
  }

  const genders = Object.values(Gender)
  if (!genders.includes(this.gender as Gender)) {
    result.setError(resources.get(strings.INVALID_GENDER), 400)
    return false
  }

  if (!validation.validateEmail(this.email)) {
    result.setError(resources.get(strings.INVALID_EMAIL), 400)
    return false
  }

  return true
/*...*/

This tool is now available as an Github Package.

How To Use

In this template is included the example code base for ExpressJs, but if you have a web framework of your preference you must configure those according to the framework.

Clone this repo or use it as template, and then, continue with the installation step described in this guide.

Controllers

The location of the controllers must be in the adapters directory, there you can place them by responsibility in separate directories.

The controllers should be exported as default modules to make the handling of these in the index file of our application easier.

Example of the handling of the controllers in the index file of our application:

/*...*/
// Region controllers
import shoppingCarController from "./adapters/controllers/shoppingCart/ShoppingCar.controller";
import categoryController from "./adapters/controllers/category/CategoryController";
import productController from "./adapters/controllers/product/Product.controller";
/*...*/
// End controllers

const controllers: BaseController[] = [
  productController,
  shoppingCarController,
  categoryController,
  /*...*/
];

const appWrapper = new AppWrapper(controllers);
/*...*/

Routes

The strategy is to manage the routes within the controller, this allows us a better management of these, in addition to a greater capacity for maintenance and control according to the responsibilities of the controller.

/*...*/
initializeRoutes(router: Router): void {
  router.post("v1/cars", authorization(), this.create);
  router.get("v1/cars/:idMask", authorization(), this.get);
  router.post("v1/cars/:idMask", authorization(), this.buy);
  router.post("v1/cars/:idMask/items", authorization(), this.add);
  router.put("v1/cars/:idMask/items", authorization(), this.remove);
  router.delete("v1/cars/:idMask", authorization(), this.empty);
  /*...*/
}
/*...*/

Using Node A2

You can implement the configuration made with ExpressJs with the framework of your choice and install all the dependencies and devDependencies for your framework, You must also modify the Server module, middleware in infrastructure directory and the BaseController and Controllers in adapters directory.

And then, continue with the step installation.

UseCase

The Use Cases must be in application/modules and must return a Result object. Once ready for use, we must import them to controllers passing the contracts as constructor's parameters, as in the following example:

export class UserController extends BaseController {
  signUp = async (request: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
    const req = request as IRequest
  
    const resources = req.resources
    const repository = new LocalUserRepository()
    const authProvider = new AuthProvider()
  
    const registerService = new RegisterUserUseCase(resources, repository, authProvider)
    const user = req.body
  
    this.handleResult(res, next, registerService.execute(user))
  }
  
  override initializeRoutes(router: Router) {
    router.post("v1/users/signup", this.signUp)
  }
}

Infrastructure

In this layer you can add the connections services of all external services, your db models, and other services.

The infrastructure includes in the application level a class strategy Result that act as a standardized response model.

Installation

Depending on your need you have two options, local and with docker compose, but first of all we need to set up the .env file:

Go to project root directory, create a .env file and inside it copy and paste this content:

NODE_ENV=development
SERVER_API_PATH=/api
SERVER_HOST=localhost
SERVER_PORT=3000
ORIGINS="http://localhost:3100,http://localhost:3200"
JWT_LONG_SESSION_KEY=defineYourKey
JWT_LONG_SESSION_TIME_IN_SECONDS=2592000 # 30 DAYS IN SECONDS
JWT_REFRESH_SESSION_KEY=defineOtherKey
JWT_REFRESH_SESSION_TIME_IN_SECONDS=21600 # 6 HOURS IN SECONDS

Local

First, we must install the dependencies, run:

npm install

Second, we must update the dependencies, run:

npm update

Third, run project in hot reload mode (Without debug, for it go to Debug instructions)

npm run dev

or

npm run build
node dist/index

Run Test

• The end to end tests are implemented for each use case in its respective folder.
• Ideally, each use case of your application should be supported by its respective test.
• The tests use the Vitest, which work like Jest but is much faster and can be run in two ways:

npm t

or

npm run test

Application debugger

If you are using VS Code the easiest way to debug the solution is to follow these instructions:

First go to package.json file.

Second, into package.json file locate the debug command just above the scripts section and click on it.

Third, choose the dev script when the execution options appear.

So, wait a moment and then you will see something like this on the console.

$ npm run dev
Debugger attached.

> [email protected] dev
> ts-node-dev --respawn --transpile-only src/index.ts
Debugger attached.

[INFO] 11:36:45 ts-node-dev ver. 2.0.0 (using ts-node ver. 10.9.1, typescript ver. 4.9.4)
Debugger attached.
Running in dev mode
Serve Running on localhost:3000/api

To stop the debug just press Ctrl C and close the console that was opened to run the debug script.

This method will allow you to develop and have the solution be attentive to your changes (hot reload) without the need to restart the service, VS Code does it for you automatically.

Build for production

To get the code you can use in a productive environment run:

npm run build

The result code will be stored in the dist directory.

You can also add your scripts in the package.json file and use them with your deployment strategies, even with docker.

To be able to debug, the system generates javascript map files in the dist directory, but this is only for testing purposes. When the build command runs, everything inside the dist directory is removed and only the necessary code is generated.

tsc

With the previous command you can also generate the code of the dist directory but this command is configured in the TS config file to generate the map files needed by the application to perform the debugging process.

Test your Clean Architecture

Something important is to know if we really did the job of building our clean architecture well, and this can be found very easily by following these steps:

1. Make sure you don't have any pending changes in your application to upload to your repository, otherwise upload them if you do.

2. Identify and remove adapters and infrastructure directories from your solution, as well as the index.ts file.

3. Execute the test command npm t or npm run test and the build command tsc or npm run build too, and everything should run smoothly, otherwise you violated the principle of dependency inversion or due to bad practice, application layers were coupled that should not be coupled.

4. Run the git checkout . command to get everything back to normal.

5. Most importantly, no domain entity can make use of an application service and less of a provider service (repository or provider), the application services use the entities, the flow goes from the most external part of the application to the most internal part of it.

Coupling

For the purpose of giving clarity to the following statement we will define coupling as the action of dependence, that is to say that X depends on Y to function.

Coupling is not bad if it is well managed, but in a software solution there should not be coupling of the domain and application layers with any other, but there can be coupling of the infrastructure layer or the adapters layer with the application and/or domain layer, or coupling of the infrastructure layer with the adapters layer and vice-versa*, but avoid the latter whenever possible*.

The clean architecture is very clear in its rules and dictates that the adapter layer cannot depend on the infrastructure layer, but in practice in certain languages like JavaScript (TypeScript) it is quite complicated to achieve this without the use of Dependency Inversion libraries like TypeDi or another one, however in practice having this type of coupling does not represent a major problem over time and I say this from experience.

Strict mode

TypeScript's strict mode is quite useful because it helps you maintain the type safety of your application making the development stage of your solution more controlled and thus avoiding the possible errors that not having this option enabled can bring.

This option is enabled by default in Node A2 and is managed in the tsconfig.json file of your solution, but if you are testing and don't want to have headaches you can disable it.

  "strict": true,

Conclusions

• When we develop with clean architecture we can more easily change any "external dependency" of our application without major concerns, obviously there are some that will require more effort than others, for example migrating from a NoSql schema to a SQL schema where probably the queries will be affected, however our business logic can remain intact and work for both models.

• The application during the development will tell us what could be the best choices for the infrastructure and adapters of our application.

• If you liked it and you learned something, give me my star in the project that is the way you can thank me, don't be a damn selfish person who doesn't recognize the effort of others.

Warning

• Use this resource at your own risk.

• You are welcome to contribute to this project, dare to do so.

• Several concepts of this project were based on nodeTskeleton project.

• If you are interested you can contact me by this means.

• 📫 Write to him

⬆ back to the past

Future tasks

• Docker implementation

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