dictionaries cleanup

data/dict-pinyin-ipa-eng.json

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+[
+	{ pinyin:`b`, ipa:`[p]`, definition:`unaspirated p, as in spit` },
+	{ pinyin:`p`, ipa:`[pʰ]`, definition:`strongly aspirated p, as in pit` },
+	{ pinyin:`m`, ipa:`[m]`, definition:`as in English mummy` },
+	{ pinyin:`f`, ipa:`[f]`, definition:`as in English fun` },
+	{ pinyin:`d`, ipa:`[t]`, definition:`unaspirated t, as in stop` },
+	{ pinyin:`t`, ipa:`[tʰ]`, definition:`strongly aspirated t, as in top` },
+	{ pinyin:`n`, ipa:`[n]`, definition:`as in English nit` },
+	{ pinyin:`l`, ipa:`[l]`, definition:`as in English love` },
+	{ pinyin:`g`, ipa:`[k]`, definition:`unaspirated k, as in skill` },
+	{ pinyin:`k`, ipa:`[kʰ]`, definition:`strongly aspirated k, as in kill` },
+	{ pinyin:`h`, ipa:`[x]`, definition:`roughly like the Scots ch. English h as in hay or, more closely in some American dialects, hero is an acceptable approximation. The best way to produce this sound is by very slowly making a "k" sound, pausing at the point where there is just restricted air flowing over the back of your tongue (after the release at the beginning of a "k")` },
+	{ pinyin:`j`, ipa:`[tɕ]`, definition:`No equivalent in English, but similar to an unaspirated "-chy-" sound when said quickly. Like q, but unaspirated. Not the s in Asia, despite the common English pronunciation of "Beijing". The sequence "ji" word-initially is the same as the Japanese pronunciation of じ(ジ) ji.` },
+	{ pinyin:`q`, ipa:`[tɕʰ]`, definition:`No equivalent in English. Like punch yourself, with the lips spread wide with ee. Curl the tip of the tongue downwards to stick it at the back of the teeth and strongly aspirate. The sequence "qi" word-initially is the same as the Japanese pronunciation of ち(チ) chi.` },
+	{ pinyin:`x`, ipa:`[ɕ]`, definition:`No equivalent in English. Like -sh y-, with the lips spread and the tip of your tongue curled downwards and stuck to the back of teeth when you say ee. The sequence "xi" is the same as the Japanese pronunciation of し(シ) shi.` },
+	{ pinyin:`zh`, ipa:`[tʂ]`, definition:`Rather like ch (a sound between choke, joke, true, and drew, tongue tip curled more upwards). Voiced in a toneless syllable.` },
+	{ pinyin:`ch`, ipa:`[tʂʰ]`, definition:`as in chin, but with the tongue curled upwards; very similar to nurture in American English, but strongly aspirated.` },
+	{ pinyin:`sh`, ipa:`[ʂ]`, definition:`as in shoe, but with the tongue curled upwards; very similar to marsh in American English` },
+	{ pinyin:`r`, ipa:`[ʐ],[ɻ]`, definition:`Similar to the English z in azure and r in reduce, but with the tongue curled upwards, like a cross between English "r" and French "j". In Cyrillised Chinese the sound is rendered with the letter "ж".` },
+	{ pinyin:`z`, ipa:`[ts]`, definition:`unaspirated c, similar to something between suds and cats; as in suds in a toneless syllable` },
+	{ pinyin:`c`, ipa:`[tsʰ]`, definition:`like the English ts in cats, but strongly aspirated, very similar to the Czech, Polish and Slovak c.` },
+	{ pinyin:`s`, ipa:`[s]`, definition:`as in sun` },
+	{ pinyin:`w`, ipa:`[w]`, definition:`as in water.*` },
+	{ pinyin:`y`, ipa:`[j],[ɥ]`, definition:`as in yes. Before a u, pronounce it with rounded lips.*` },
+	{ pinyin:`a`, ipa:`[ä]`, definition:`like English "father", but a bit more fronted` },
+	{ pinyin:`e`, ipa:`[ɯ̯ʌ],[ə]`, definition:`a diphthong consisting first of a back, unrounded semivowel (which can be formed by first pronouncing "w" and then spreading the lips without changing the position of the tongue) followed by a vowel similar to English "duh". Many unstressed syllables in Chinese use the schwa, [ə] (idea), and this is also written as e.` },
+	{ pinyin:`ai`, ipa:`[aɪ̯]`, definition:`like English "eye", but a bit lighter` },
+	{ pinyin:`ei`, ipa:`[eɪ̯]`, definition:`as in "hey"` },
+	{ pinyin:`ao`, ipa:`[ɑʊ̯]`, definition:`approximately as in "cow"; the a is much more audible than the o` },
+	{ pinyin:`ou`, ipa:`[oʊ̯]`, definition:`as in "so"` },
+	{ pinyin:`an`, ipa:`[än]`, definition:`like British English "ban", but more central` },
+	{ pinyin:`en`, ipa:`[ən]`, definition:`as in "taken"` },
+	{ pinyin:`ang`, ipa:`[ɑŋ]`, definition:`as in German Angst (starts with the vowel sound in father and ends in the velar nasal; like song in some dialects of American English)` },
+	{ pinyin:`eng`, ipa:`[ɤŋ]`, definition:`like e in en above but with ng added to it at the back` },
+	{ pinyin:`er`, ipa:`[ɑɻ]`, definition:`similar to the sound in "bar" in American English` },
+	{ pinyin:`i`, ipa:`[i]`, definition:`like English bee.` },
+	{ pinyin:`-i`, ipa:`[ɨ],[ɯ]`, definition:`-i is a buzzed continuation of the consonant following z-, c-, s-, zh-, ch-, sh- or r-.` },
+	{ pinyin:`ia`, ipa:`[i̯ä]`, definition:`as i + a; like English "yard"` },
+	{ pinyin:`ie`, ipa:`[i̯ɛ]`, definition:`as i + ê; but is very short; e (pronounced like ê) is pronounced longer and carries the main stress (similar to the initial sound ye in yet)` },
+	{ pinyin:`iao`, ipa:`[i̯ɑʊ̯]`, definition:`as i + ao` },
+	{ pinyin:`iu`, ipa:`[i̯oʊ̯]`, definition:`as i + ou` },
+	{ pinyin:`ian`, ipa:`[i̯ɛn]`, definition:`as i + ê + n; like English yen` },
+	{ pinyin:`in`, ipa:`[in]`, definition:`as i + n` },
+	{ pinyin:`iang`, ipa:`[i̯ɑŋ]`, definition:`as i + ang` },
+	{ pinyin:`ing`, ipa:`[iŋ]`, definition:`as i + ng` },
+	{ pinyin:`u`, ipa:`[u]`, definition:`like English "oo"` },
+	{ pinyin:`ua`, ipa:`[u̯ä]`, definition:`as u + a` },
+	{ pinyin:`uo, o`, ipa:`[u̯ɔ]`, definition:`as u + o where the o (compare with the o interjection) is pronounced shorter and lighter (spelled as o after b, p, m or f).` },
+	{ pinyin:`uai`, ipa:`[u̯aɪ̯]`, definition:`as u + ai like as in why` },
+	{ pinyin:`ui`, ipa:`[u̯eɪ̯]`, definition:`as u + ei;` },
+	{ pinyin:`uan`, ipa:`[u̯än]`, definition:`as u + an;` },
+	{ pinyin:`un`, ipa:`[u̯ən]`, definition:`as u + en; like the on in the English won;` },
+	{ pinyin:`uang`, ipa:`[u̯ɑŋ]`, definition:`as u + ang;` },
+	{ pinyin:`ong`, ipa:`[ʊŋ],[u̯ɤŋ]`, definition:`starts with the vowel sound in book and ends with the velar nasal sound in sing; as u + eng in zero initial.` },
+	{ pinyin:`u, ü`, ipa:`[y]`, definition:`as in German "über" or French "lune" (To pronounce this sound, say "ee" with rounded lips)` },
+	{ pinyin:`ue, üe`, ipa:`[y̯œ]`, definition:`as ü + ê; the ü is short and light` },
+	{ pinyin:`uan`, ipa:`[y̯ɛn]`, definition:`as ü + ê + n;` },
+	{ pinyin:`un`, ipa:`[yn]`, definition:`as ü + n;` },
+	{ pinyin:`iong`, ipa:`[i̯ʊŋ]`, definition:`as i + ong` },
+	{ pinyin:`ê`, ipa:`[ɛ]`, definition:`as in "bet".` },
+	{ pinyin:`o`, ipa:`[ɔ]`, definition:`Approximately as in "office" in British accent; the lips are much more rounded.` },
+	{ pinyin:`io`, ipa:`[i̯ɔ]`, definition:`as i + plain continental[clarification needed] "o".` }
+]