This kernel patch adds additional CPU options to the Linux kernel accessible under:
Processor type and features --->
Processor family --->
The kernel uses its own set of CFLAGS, KCFLAGS. For example, see:
| CPU Family | GCC Optimization |
|---|---|
| Native optimizations autodetected by GCC | -march=native |
| AMD Improved K8-family | -march=k8-sse3 |
| AMD K10-family | -march=amdfam10 |
| AMD Family 10h (Barcelona) | -march=barcelona |
| AMD Family 14h (Bobcat) | -march=btver1 |
| AMD Family 16h (Jaguar) | -march=btver2 |
| AMD Family 15h (Bulldozer) | -march=bdver1 |
| AMD Family 15h (Piledriver) | -march=bdver2 |
| AMD Family 15h (Steamroller) | -march=bdver3 |
| AMD Family 15h (Excavator) | -march=bdver4 |
| AMD Family 17h (Zen) | -march=znver1 |
| AMD Family 17h (Zen 2) | -march=znver2 |
| Intel Bonnell family of low-power Atom processors | -march=bonnell |
| Intel Silvermont family of low-power Atom processors | -march=silvermont |
| Intel Goldmont family of low-power Atom processors (Apollo Lake and Denverton) | -march=goldmont |
| Intel Goldmont Plus family of low-power Atom processors (Gemini Lake) | -march=goldmont-plus |
| Intel 1st Gen Core i3/i5/i7-family (Nehalem) | -march=nehalem |
| Intel 1.5 Gen Core i3/i5/i7-family (Westmere) | -march=westmere |
| Intel 2nd Gen Core i3/i5/i7-family (Sandybridge) | -march=sandybridge |
| Intel 3rd Gen Core i3/i5/i7-family (Ivybridge) | -march=ivybridge |
| Intel 4th Gen Core i3/i5/i7-family (Haswell) | -march=haswell |
| Intel 5th Gen Core i3/i5/i7-family (Broadwell) | -march=broadwell |
| Intel 6th Gen Core i3/i5/i7-family (Skylake) | -march=skylake |
| Intel 6th Gen Core i7/i9-family (Skylake X) | -march=skylake-avx512 |
| Intel 8th Gen Core i3/i5/i7-family (Cannon Lake) | -march=cannonlake |
| Intel 10th Gen Core i7/i9-family (Ice Lake) | -march=icelake-client |
| Intel Xeon (Cascade Lake) | -march=cascadelake |
| Intel Xeon (Cooper Lake) | -march=cooperlake |
| Intel 3rd Gen 10nm++ i3/i5/i7/i9-family (Tiger Lake) | -march=tigerlake |
Three different machines running a generic x86-64 kernel and an otherwise identical kernel running with the optimized gcc options were tested using a make based endpoint.
There are small but real speed increases to running with this patch as judged by a make endpoint. The increases are on par with the speed increase that the upstream sanctioned core2 option gives users, so not including additional options seems somewhat arbitrary to me.
- Three test machines: Intel Xeon X3360, Intel i7-2620M, Intel Core i7-3660K.
- All ran the make benchmark (linked below) 35 times while booted into a 'generic' kernel. Then all ran the same make benchmark 35 times after booting into an optimized kernel. Below are the optimizations chosen for each machine.
- X3360 = core2
- i7-2620M = sandybridge
- i7-3660K = ivybridge
- Results were analyzed for statistical significance via ANOVA plots that clearly show statistically significant albeit small differences.
- All the assumptions for ANOVA are met:
- Data are normally distributed as show in the normal quantile plots.
- The population variances are fairly equal (Levene and Barlett tests).
- The ANOVA plots clearly show significance.
- Pair-wise analysis by Tukey-Kramer shows significance at the 0.05 level for all CPUs compared.
Below are the differences in median values:
| CPU | Difference in median value |
|---|---|
| core2 | +87.5 ms |
| sandybridge | +79.7 ms |
| ivybridge | +257.2 ms |
- Bash script that controls the benchmark: https://github.com/graysky2/bin/blob/master/bench
- Log file generated by script: http://repo-ck.com/bench/compile_time_optimization.txt.gz
- Original author: jeroen AT linuxforge DOT net
- Link to original version: http://www.linuxforge.net/docs/linux/linux-gcc.php
Find support for older version of the linux kernel and of gcc in the outdated_versions directory.
