jsonapi-converter

JSONAPI-Converter is a library that provides means for integrating with services using JSON API specification.

For information on JSON API specification please see: http://jsonapi.org/format/

Besides providing support for request/response parsing, library provides a retrofit plugin.

Library is using Jackson (https://github.com/FasterXML/jackson-databind) for JSON data parsing.

Including the library in your project

Maven:

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.github.jasminb</groupId>
  <artifactId>jsonapi-converter</artifactId>
  <version>0.3</version>
</dependency>

SBT:

libraryDependencies += "com.github.jasminb" % "jsonapi-converter" % "0.3"

In case you want to use current SNAPSHOT version of the project, make sure to add sonatype repository to your pom:

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>oss-sonatype</id>
        <name>oss-sonatype</name>
        <url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>
        <snapshots>
            <enabled>true</enabled>
        </snapshots>
    </repository>
</repositories>

Than to add dependency:

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.github.jasminb</groupId>
  <artifactId>jsonapi-converter</artifactId>
  <version>0.4-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

Writing your model classes

When writing models that will be used to represent requests and responses, one needs to pay attention to following:

• Each model class must be annotated with com.github.jasminb.jsonapi.annotations.Type annotation
• Each class must contain an String attribute annotated with com.github.jasminb.jsonapi.annotations.Id annotation
• All relationships must be annotated with com.github.jasminb.jsonapi.annotations.Relationship annotation

Type annotation

Type annotation is used to instruct the serialisation/deserialisation library on how to process the given model class. Annotation has single property value which is required and it should be set to to whatever is the designated JSON API SPEC name for that type.

Example:

@Type("book")
public class Book {
 ...
}

Note that @Type annotation is not inherited from supperclasses.

Id annotation

Id annotation is used to flag an attribute of a class as an id attribute. Each resource class must have an id field and it must be of type String (defined by the JSON API specification).

Id is a special attribute that is, together with type, used to uniquely identify an resource.

Id annotation has no attributes.

Id annotation is inheritable, one can define a base model class that contains a field with @Id annotation and than extend it to create a new type.

Example:

@Type("book")
public class Book {
  
  @Id
  private String isbn;
  ...
}

Example with inheritance:

public class BaseModel {
  @Id
  private String id;
}

@Type("book")
public class Book extends BaseModel {
  # Your custom member variables
}

Relationship annotation

Relationship annotation is used to designate other resource types as a relationships.

Imagine modeling a simple library application, you would end up having a Book resource and another logical resource would be Author.

You can model this as two different classes where Book resource would have an relationship to an Author:

@Type("book")
public class Book {
  @Id
  private String isbn;
  private String title;
  
  @Relationship("author")
  private Author author;
}

Relationship annotation has following attributes:

• value
• resolve
• serialise
• relType

Value attribute is required and each relationship must have it set (value attribute represents the 'name' of the relationship).

Resolve attribute is used to instruct the library on how to handle server responses where resource relationships are not provided in included section but are rather returned as type and id combination.

Library has a support for registering global and typed relationship resloves which are used to resolve unresolved relationships. Resolving a relationship means using provided links attribute to perform additional HTTP request and get the related object using the link provided.

Relationship resolver interface has a single method:

byte [] resolve(String relationshipURL);

After implementing relationship resolver, in order to use it, one must register it with the instance of the ResourceConverter.

Example:

ResourceConverter converter = new ResourceConverter(Book.class, Author.class);
converter.setGlobalResolver(new CustomRelationshipResolverInstance());

Besides support for global resolvers, there is an option to have different resolvers for different resource types:

ResourceConverter converter = new ResourceConverter(Book.class, Author.class);
converter.setTypeResolver(new CustomBooksResolver(), Book.class);
converter.setTypeResolver(new CustomAuthorResolver(), Author.class);

Serialise attribute is used to instruct the serialisar whether to include or exclude given relationship when serialising resources. I is enabled by default, if disabled relationship will not be serialised.

Relationship type (relType) is used to instruct the library on how to resolve link data from raw server responses in order to resolve given relationship.

There two different relationship types:

• SELF (self link will be followed to resolve relationship
• RELATED (related link will be followed)

Have in mind that relationship (same as id) is inheritable and can be defined in a base class.

Meta annotation

By JSON API specification, each resource can hold meta attribute. Meta can be arbitrary object that is defined by the API implementation.

In order to map and make meta available trough resource conversion, one must create a model that coresponds to the meta object returned by the API, create a member variable in the resource class using created model and annotate it using the @Meta annotation.

Meta example:

# Meta model class

public class MyCustomMetaClass {
    private String myAttribute;
    
    public String getMyAttribute() {
    	return myAttribute;
    }
    
    public void setMyAttribute(String value) {
    	this.myAttribute = value;
    }
}

# Resource class with meta attribute

@Type("book")
public class Book {
  @Id
  private String isbn;
  private String title;
  
  @Relationship("author")
  private Author author;
  
  @Meta
  private MyCustomMetaClass meta;
}

Meta annotation/attriubutes are inheritable.

Links annotation

JSON API specification allows for links to be part of resources. Links usually cary information about the resource itself (eg. its URI on the server).

Liks are not arbitray objects, JSON API spec provides links structure therefore it is not required to create a new model to make links object available.

Library provides a com.github.jasminb.jsonapi.Links class that must be used in order to make links data available in resources.

Example:

@Type("book")
public class Book {
  @Id
  private String isbn;
  private String title;
  
  @Relationship("author")
  private Author author;
  
  @Meta
  private MyCustomMetaClass meta;
  
  @Links
  private com.github.jasminb.jsonapi.Links links;
}

Links are inheritable.

Full example

Define simple POJO, please pay attention to added annotations:

# Meta is optional, one does not have to define or use it
public class Meta {
    private String myAttribute;
    
    public String getMyAttribute() {
    	return myAttribute;
    }
    
    public void setMyAttribute(String value) {
    	this.myAttribute = value;
    }
}

# Creating base class is optional but allows for writing more compact model classes
public class BaseResource {
    @Id
    private String id;
    
    @Meta
    private Meta meta;
    
    @Links
    private Links links;
}

@Type("book")
public class Book extends BaseResource {
  private String title;
  
  @Relationship("author")
  private Author author;
  
  # getters and setters
}

@Type("author")
public class Author extends BaseResource {
  private String name;
  
  @Relationship("books")
  private List<Book> books;
  
  # getters and setters
}

Create a converter instance:

ResourceConverter converter = new ResourceConverter(Book.class, Author.class);

// Get response data
byte [] rawResponse = ...get data from the wire

// To convert raw data into single POJO
JSONAPIDocument<Book> bookDocument = converter.readDocument(rawResponse, Book.class);
Book book = bookDocument.get();

// To convert raw data into collection
JSONAPIDocument<List<Book>> bookDocumentCollection = converter.readDocumentCollection(rawResponse, Book.class);
List<Book> bookCollection = bookDocumentCollection.get();

// To convert book object back to bytes
byte [] rawData = converter.writeObject(book);

Note that calling readDocument(...) or readDocumentCollection(...) using content that contains errors ({"errors" : [{...}]}) attribute will produce ResourceParseException.

Thrown exception has a method (getErrorResponse()) that returns parsed errors content. Errors content is expected to comply to JSON API Spec.

Top level links and meta

Besides having links and meta information on resource level, by JSON API spec it is also possible to have meta, links or both as top level objects in server responses.

To gain access to top level meta/links, this library provides convinience methods available in JSONAPIDocument, namely:

• getMeta()
• getLinks()

Example usage with retrofit

As as first step, define your model classes and annotate them using annotations described above.

After defining models, define your service interfaces as you would usually do with 'standard' JSON/XML APIs.

To create retrofit instance:

// Create object mapper
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

// Set serialisation/deserialisation options if needed (property naming strategy, etc...)

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
		.baseUrl("https://yourapi")
		.addConverterFactory(new JSONAPIConverterFactory(objectMapper, Book.class, Author.class))
		.build();
		
// Create service using service interface

MyBooksService<Book> booksService = retrofit.create(MyBooksService.class);

Synchronous usage

Response<Book> bookResponse = booksService.find("123").execute();

if (bookResponse.isSuccess()) {
    // Consume response
} else {
    ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorUtils.parseErrorResponse(bookResponse.errorBody());
    // Handle error
}

Asynchronous usage

Call<Book> bookServiceCall = service.getExampleResource();

bookServiceCall.enqueue(new Callback<Book>() {
  @Override
  public void onResponse(Response<Book> bookResponse, Retrofit retrofit) {
    if (bookResponse.isSuccess()) {
        // Consume response
    } else {
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorUtils.parseErrorResponse(bookResponse.errorBody());
        // Handle error
    }
  }
  
  @Override
  public void onFailure(Throwable throwable) {
    // Handle network errors/unexpected errors
  }
});